A case of chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm complicated with rupture into the right atrium: Diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography

Although rupture of a dissecting aortic aneurysm into the pericardial sac, pleural cavities, or mediastinum is a frequently encountered complication of this entity, rupture into a right-sided cardiac chamber is extremely rare. An 80-year-old woman was admitted to this institution because of dyspnea and facial edema. One year before admission, a diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm (Stanford A type) was made based on results of magnetic resonance imaging and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE); however, the patient and her family refused surgical therapy. On admission, blood pressure was 120/60 mmHg, and a Levine 3/6° continuous murmur was audible at the third and fourth intercostal spaces of the right sternal border. Chest x-ray film showed moderate cardiomegaly, congested lung fields, and bilateral pleural effusion. A two-dimensional echocardiogram revealed severe aortic root dilatation 80 mm in diameter with the intimal flap. Color flow Doppler imaging demonstrated abnormal flow toward the back space in dilated ascending aorta. Continuous wave Doppler imaging showed the peak velocity of this flow to be 4.8 m/s. This high-velocity flow strongly suggested that the dissecting aortic aneurysm had ruptured into the right-sided cardiac chamber, and shunt flow from the false lumen of the aortic aneurysm into the right atrium was directly visualized by TEE. Our diagnosis, based on these findings, was chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm with communication into the right atrium. In view of the patient’s deteriorating clinical condition, cardiac catheterization was not performed before surgery. Surgery revealed an aneurysm of the ascending aorta measuring 90 mm in diameter and multiple fistulas approximately 2 to 3 mm in diameter arising from the false lumen of the aorta into the right atrium at the base of the atrial appendage. The patient underwent successful replacement of the ascending aorta and closure of the aorto-right atrial fistulas. She had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged 7 weeks after surgery.     

Parent artery occlusion for ruptured “true” posterior communicating artery aneurysm

A case of a patient with a ruptured true posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is reported, who had been managed by early endovascular parent artery occlusion with coils. The small blister aneurysm was located at the proximal PCoA itself and directed superiorly. Postoperative course was uneventful. During 1-month follow-up, the patient recovered well and could care for herself. Aneurysms of the PCoA itself are very rare. As reported to date, surgical procedures would favor microsurgical clipping over endovascular coil embolization. Endovascular treatment may be a good alternative to surgical trapping for true PCoA blister aneurysm.     

Technical aspects of combined intrasaccular and endoluminal flow diversion

IntroductionThe concurrent use of endoluminal flow diversion with coils is a viable option when treating complex or large aneurysms. Alternatives to coil embolization as an adjunctive treatment are currently limited. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device (Microvention, Aliso Viejo, California) as an intrasaccular flow diverter for wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. We present the technical aspects of combined WEB device plus endoluminal flow diversion for the treatment of complex wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all patients treated via intrasaccular flow diversion at a single institution over the last 12 months was performed.ResultsIn total, seven patients underwent treatment of eight aneurysms via combined intrasaccular and endoluminal flow diversion. Of the seven patients, six were treated in a single setting. The most common aneurysm location was the posterior communicating artery. The majority of the aneurysms required steam shaping of the Via deployment catheter to place the WEB device orthogonally to the aneurysm dome. There were no complications.ConclusionsWe believe this is one of the first series reporting the combined use of the WEB device and endoluminal flow diversion for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. This series demonstrates that the concurrent use of the WEB device with endoluminal flow diversion is safe for achieving immediate aneurysm treatment and may enhance the long-term durability in complex aneurysms.     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的：评价血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法及临床疗效。方法：应用血管内介入治疗技术对29例椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者进行治疗,回顾性分析临床资料、血管内治疗方法以及临床疗效。结果：29例患者中有19例直接闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,5例行支架置入,5例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。术后21例患者接受随访,随访时间为3～24个月,平均8个月。其中14例闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉患者复查示动脉瘤未显影,3例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞患者中1例复发,2例单支架置入患者复查示1例动脉瘤完全消失而另1例仍有动脉瘤残留,2例双支架置入患者复查示1例动脉瘤完全消失,另1例动脉瘤缩小。结论：将载瘤动脉连同动脉瘤完全闭塞是血管内治疗以破裂出血起病的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤最有效的方法。如果动脉瘤位于优势椎动脉,或动脉瘤体累及小脑后下动脉,使用支架置入技术是可供的选择。     

经胸超声心动图诊断升主动脉瘤

目的探讨应用TTE对升主动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法对16例经CT、MRI及手术证实为升主动脉瘤的声像图及CDFI进行了分析,并结合文献总结了其CDFI的诊断与鉴别诊断.结果升主动脉瘤分为真性动脉瘤、假性动脉瘤及夹层动脉瘤三种类型.真性10例,假性1例,夹层主动脉瘤5例.真性主动脉瘤管腔局部扩张,当升主动脉扩张＞50mm时可诊断为动脉瘤.夹层主动脉瘤病变动脉内可见撕裂的动脉内膜.假性动脉瘤是由动脉壁部分破裂,血液溢出血管外形成的包裹性血肿,而非真性动脉扩张.结论TTE可对绝大多数的升主动脉瘤做出明确诊断.可作为随访观察升主动脉扩张及筛检升主动脉瘤的首选方法.     

闭塞法治疗破裂出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的效果

目的探讨同时闭塞动脉瘤及载廇动脉治疗出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的效果及并发症,并分析动脉瘤与小脑后下动脉（PICA）位置关系对预后的影响。方法椎动脉夹层动脉瘤破裂出血病人13例,其中PICA远端动脉瘤8例,PICA近端动脉瘤5例,采用弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤体,并采用膨胀圈栓塞系统HydroCoil或COOK公司栓塞弹簧圈同时闭塞夹层动脉瘤及载廇动脉。临床随访2~36个月,4例采用DSA随访。结果术后即刻造影显示,全部病人夹层动脉瘤及载瘤动脉闭塞完全,PICA通畅;术后早期发生WALLENBEEG综合征1例,病变位于PICA近端,临床随访无再出血病人。结论闭塞法虽然对防止再出血疗效确实,但是容易引起穿支血管闭塞,导致延髓梗死,尤其是PICA近端的病变;随着血管内重建技术的不断进步,闭塞法应该慎用。     

Endovascular treatment for ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysms involving PICA: Reconstruction or deconstruction? Experience from 16 patients

ObjectiveRuptured vertebral dissecting aneurysms (VDAs) with posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) involved require an optimal method to isolate the dissection and prevent the symptomatic infraction. This study aims to present our experience with both parent artery occlusion (PAO) and stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and provide a favorable strategy to the management of ruptured VDAs with PICA involved.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in our database from March 2013 to December 2018, suffering from dissecting aneurysms of the intradural vertebral arteries and endovascularly treated. A total of 16 cases with PICA involved were included. Basic information, aneurysm characteristics, procedure related complications and outcomes of patients were analyzed.Results10 (62.5%) aneurysms were managed with PAO containing 3 proximal occlusion and 8 targeted-trapping preserved the PICA. 5 (31.3%) aneurysms were treated with SAC and one 6.3%) treated with vertebral artery to PICA stenting and trapping. Two (12.5%) patients died in the acute phase. Good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0 to 3) were observed in 13(81.5%) cases in 30 days follow-up. PICA territory infraction was happened in one patient without any dysfunction. Favorable occlusion was observed in 9 of 12 (75%) which were free of further treatment.ConclusionsFor patients with good contralateral circulation, PAO could be a first line management for ruptured VDAs with PICA involved. Targeted-trapping with either reserved PICA or proximal occlusion with moderate coiling in aneurysm are promising modalities to prevent severe PICA infraction.     

Transradial access for embolization of cerebral aneurysms with the woven EndoBridge device: Case series and review of the literature

BackgroundTransradial access is an increasingly utilized route for neurointerventions with benefits of lower rates of access site complications, earlier patient mobilization and increased patient satisfaction over transfemoral interventions. There is limited data on deployment of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) via transradial access. We report a case series of consecutive patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm embolization with the WEB device via transradial biaxial access.MethodsA database of neuroendovascular procedures was queried for consecutive aneurysm embolization procedures involving the WEB device and intended via the transradial approach between August 2019 and July 2020. Patient demographics, radiological aneurysm characteristics and procedure details were recorded and statistically evaluated. Google Scholar and Pubmed were searched for previous reports of transradial WEB embolization.ResultsTen aneurysms were treated in ten patients. All aneurysms were treated with successful WEB deployment. Nine of the ten aneurysms were successfully treated via transradial biaxial access. One aneurysm required conversion to transfemoral access. There were no clinical complications and no morbidity or mortality.ConclusionsTransradial embolization of cerebral aneurysms with the WEB device is safe and feasible with low rates of access failure or complications.     

Laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of a ruptured aneurysm of the right gastric artery: a case report

Laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of a ruptured visceral artery aneurysm is recognized as a challenging procedure. Here, we describe our experience with laparoscopic surgery to treat a ruptured aneurysm of the right gastric artery. A 72‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with intra‐abdominal hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm of the right gastric artery. Transcatheter arterial embolization failed because the right gastric artery could not be cannulated. Therefore, we performed laparoscopic surgery. Using laparoscopy, we detected that the bleeding from the aneurysm had ceased; thus, the planned procedure was successful. The operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 100 min and 5 mL, respectively. The patient was discharged 7 days after surgery. Laparoscopic surgery after the failure of transcatheter arterial embolization is a suitable and safe procedure for ruptured visceral artery aneurysms, provided the circulatory dynamics are stable as a result of the temporary cessation of bleeding from the ruptured aneurysm.     

Rupture of an Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Causing Tension Hemothorax: A Case Report

Background: A ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition and can lead to a tension hemothorax. Objectives: To describe the presentation and management of a case of a tension hemothorax. Case Report: An 84-year-old woman presented in respiratory distress and was found to have a tension hemothorax. The cause was the rupture of an ascending and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. She was managed with intubation, mechanical ventilation, and chest tube placement with stabilization. Definitive operative repair was deferred due to the patient's comorbidities and wishes of the family. Conclusions/Summary: A tension hemothorax can result from an ascending and descending thoracic aneurysm, as this case describes. Emergent therapy is necessary as this is a life-threatening condition.     

血管内支架技术治疗颅内椎动脉动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内支架技术在颅内椎动脉动脉瘤的应用价值.方法回顾性分析18例采用支架治疗的颅内椎动脉动脉瘤,其中椎动脉梭形动脉瘤10例,全部一期支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗;椎动脉夹层动脉瘤8例,单纯支架技术4例,支架技术二期联合弹簧圈技术治疗4例.结果 16例造影随访3～24个月全部治愈,无复发及狭窄.2例术后出现一过性脑缺血的表现.结论在治疗椎动脉梭形及夹层动脉瘤时应区别对待,血管内支架辅助GDC技术可保持载瘤动脉通畅,是一种安全、有效的选择.     

急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤的急救及护理干预

目的探索、总结迅速识别、早期诊断、及时抢救、有效护理急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法,提高抢救成功率。方法总结夹层动脉瘤临床救治与护理经验,运用护理程序对病人实施早期护理干预,制定护理计划、落实护理措施。结果与结论提高患者的认知水平,防止意外;早期诊断,缓解疼痛;严密监测血压;安全转运;以及积极有效的护理对策能降低主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者在急性期的病死率。     

Volume-based sizing of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device: A preliminary assessment of a novel method for device size selection

IntroductionAccurate sizing of the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is of critical importance as it determines procedural safety and successful occlusion of wide neck bifurcation aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of aneurysm volume to assist in accurate WEB size selection.MethodsAll patients with an intracranial aneurysm treated with the WEB SL or WEB SLS device between March 2019 and October 2019 were identified for this retrospective study. Aneurysm volumes were calculated with auto-segmentation using a three-dimensional volume rendering program on an independent Syngo workstation (Siemens Healthineers AG). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for aneurysm auto-segmented volumes and WEB volumes, as well as for aneurysm height × width and WEB height × width. Follow-up angiographic outcomes were collected at 6–9 months post-procedure.ResultsTwenty-nine aneurysms were evaluated by 3D rotational angiography. The correlation coefficient with WEB size was larger for auto-segmented aneurysm volumes (r = 0.979) compared to height × width measurements (r = 0.867). Using Fisher r-to-z transformations, we found the difference between the two correlations to be statistically significant (p = 0.0007). Follow-up angiography available in 13 subjects demonstrated an 85% complete aneurysm occlusion rate.ConclusionAneurysm volumes are highly correlated with WEB volumes, with auto-segmentation volumes displaying statistically significant difference against conventional height by width measurements. These results suggest that volumetric measurements of aneurysm size provide a useful adjuvant measure to assist in appropriate size selection of the WEB device.     

Intracranial and extracranial multiple arterial dissecting aneurysms in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

ObjectiveWe describe a case of intracranial and extracranial multiple arterial dissecting aneurysms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Case PresentationA 29-year-old man with a medical history of RA since 18 years of age was admitted to our hospital for vomiting, dysarthria, and conscious disturbance. At 23, he underwent ligation of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) with superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis because of acute infarct of the left hemisphere caused by arterial dissection of the left ICA. During the current admission, computed tomography (CT) revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated dissecting aneurysms of the left intracranial vertebral artery (VA) and right extracranial VA. We diagnosed him with a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the left intracranial VA and performed endovascular parent artery occlusion on the left VA. For the right unruptured VA aneurysm, we performed coil embolization simultaneously. At 2 weeks after the endovascular treatment, follow-up DSA revealed that multiple de novo dissecting aneurysms developed on the origin of the left VA and left and right internal thoracic arteries. Those aneurysms were treated with coil embolization. Other remaining aneurysms on the left thyrocervical trunk, right transverse cervical artery, and both common iliac arteries were treated by conservative therapy. While continuing medical treatment for RA, the patient recovered and was discharged to a rehabilitation hospital.ConclusionConsidering that RA-induced vasculitis can be a potential risk of vascular complications including multiple arterial dissections, physicians should carefully perform endovascular interventional procedures for patients with long-term RA.     

Sudden death caused by dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Among the fatal vascular complications associated with autosomal dominant polycystic disease (ADPKD), ruptured intracerebral aneurysm and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm are widely known. However, there are few reports on the dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm as a fatal complication of ADPKD. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with a history of ADPKD who presented to the emergency department with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored a spontaneous circulation successfully and subsequent image study revealed a type I dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. Emergency aortic grafting was performed--but he died from postoperative haemorrhage. The surgical specimen of the aorta showed cystic medial necrosis. This rare case emphasizes the need to consider such a diagnosis in a patient with ADPKD who presents to the emergency department with sudden cardiac arrest. In addition, the histological finding indicates the aetiological role of a collagen defect in addition to chronic hypertension in the pathogenesis of aortic dissection in ADPKD patients.     

Treatment of pediatric intracranial dissecting aneurysm with clipping and angioplasty,and next-generation sequencing analysis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUNDLarge intracranial dissecting aneurysm (IDA) in the anterior cerebral circulation is rare in children. There has been no consensus on the diagnosis and treatment for IDA in children.CASE SUMMARYWe report a 3-year-old boy with a large ruptured IDA in the right middle cerebral artery (16 mm × 14 mm). The IDA was successfully managed with clipping and angioplasty. Next-generation sequencing of the blood sample followed by bioinformatics analysis suggested that the rs78977446 variant of the ADAMTS13 gene is a risk for pediatric IDA. Three years after surgery, the boy was develop-mentally normal.CONCLUSIONClipping and angioplasty are effective treatments for ruptured IDA in the anterior cerebral circulation. ADAMTS13 rs78977446 is a risk factor for pediatric IDA.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值及对临床治疗的指导意义.方法 13例夹层动脉瘤均进行了MSCTA胸腹联合检查,将原始数据在SGI工作站进行MPR, SSD, MIP及VR等后处理.结果 13例均很好地显示了主动脉全程及其分支,真腔、假腔、内膜片及夹层动脉瘤的部位、范围得到满意显示.结论 MSCTA是诊断夹层动脉瘤准确、快捷、有效的首选检查方法,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂中期血管内治疗的围术期护理

目的探讨破裂性动脉瘤患者中期进行血管内栓塞治疗的围术期护理方法。方法对78例破裂性动脉瘤患者进行精心的术前、术后护理,重点关注Hunt-HessⅢ级以上患者,警惕颅内再出血,加强延迟性缺血性神经功能障碍(DIND)及术后并发症的防治与护理等。结果本组患者因术后并发症死亡6例,病死率7.6%;72例患者获3~96个月随访,8例DIND患者中有5例于术后6个月能生活自理,另3例为永久性偏瘫;栓塞术后动脉瘤均未再破裂。结论有效的围术期护理对破裂性动脉瘤患者的病情恢复及改善预后具有重要的意义。     

Successful thrombolysis in the middle cerebral artery following endovascular occlusion of a CoA aneurysm

Summary

The most serious complications following endovascular therapy of a ruptured aneurysm include vessel perforation and thromboembolism. The successful treatment of a patient with thrombosis of the left middle cerebral artery, immediately following occlusion of a giant aneurysm of anterior communicating artery (CoA), is reported.