多道听觉脑干植入的临床应用

目的 探讨多道听觉脑干植入的手术方法及其对恢复双侧听神经瘤所致全聋患者听力的效果。方法 ７例双侧听神经瘤患者,在肿瘤摘除后将２１道听觉脑干植入（ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙ ｂｒａｉｎｓｔｅｍ ｉｍｐｌａｎｔ,ＡＢＩ）电极植入于第四脑室外侧陷内,直接刺激脑干耳蜗术休中以面神经电图,舌咽神经肌电图及电诱发听觉脑干反应（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌｌｙ ｃｖｏｋｅｄ ａｕｄｉｔｏｒｙ ｂｒａｉｎｓｔｅｍ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ     

听觉脑干置入用于双侧听神经瘤全聋患者的听力康复(附1例报告)

目的：探讨听觉脑干置入（ABI）用于双侧听神经瘤全聋患者的听力康复。方法：对1例双侧听神经瘤全聋患者，在经乙状窦枕下径路切除第2侧听神经瘤时，同期将12道听觉脑干装置的电极阵置入第4脑室的侧隐窝内，术中行第Ⅶ、Ⅸ脑神经监测，并且记录电刺激脑干诱发电位，以确定和校正电极位置。术后2个月开通电极并作调试。结果：术后头颅X线侧位片示电极位置正确，术后开通调试发现电刺激12个电极均能引起听觉反应，无一电极引起非听觉反应。结论：多道ABI能让双侧听神经瘤全聋患者产生有意义的听觉。术中电极阵准确地置入到脑干耳蜗核是手术成功的关键。     

婴幼儿听觉脑干诱发电位的正常值

目 的探讨0～2岁婴幼儿听觉脑干诱发电位的正常值。方法 采用听觉脑干诱发电位（BAEP）对37例无耳科疾患的听力正常婴幼儿进行检查，测量Ⅰ．Ⅲ．Ⅴ波峰潜伏期和Ⅰ～Ⅲ．Ⅲ～Ⅴ峰间间期。结果 2岁组的各波峰潜伏期较1月龄组明显缩短，呈非常显著性差异（P〈0．001）；而各年龄组的Ⅰ～Ⅲ峰间潜伏期无明显差异（P〉0．05），2岁组的Ⅲ～Ⅴ峰间间期较1月龄组缩短，有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论 随着年龄的增长，听觉脑干诱发电位的各波峰潜伏期逐渐缩短，但整个听觉通路的发育可能并不是完全平行的。     

397例听神经瘤听力特征分析

目的 分析听神经瘤患者听力学特征,为筛查听神经瘤提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2019年8月—2022年4月诊治的397例单侧听神经瘤患者临床资料,所有患者均行纯音测听、声导抗测试、言语识别率(SDS)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干诱发电位(ABR)和颅脑增强MRI。结果 以典型症状就诊者312例,非典型症状就诊者85例。以突发性聋就诊者25例;患耳听力正常者54例,包含大型甚至特大型肿瘤,99例全聋者亦包含内听道和中型肿瘤。5例全聋者言语识别能力未完全消失。DPOAE一致型245例,耳蜗型72例,蜗后型79例。ABR阳性率98.0%(389/397),8例ABR波形正常者中3例为双侧非对称听力损失。结论 非典型症状就诊者占比21.4%,以突发性聋就诊、听力正常或ABR正常者不能排除听神经瘤;DPOAE和ABR可作为筛查听神经瘤的重要检查方法。     

神经耳科学检查对听神经瘤的诊断意义

目的：探讨神经耳科学检查对听神经瘤的诊断意义。方法：对１３例听神经瘤行纯音测听,声导抗,眼震电图,听性脑干诱发电位（ＡＢＲ）,耳蜗电图及面神经电图等神经电生理检查。结果：患侧纯音听阈１例正常,另４例２ｋＨｚ以下在正常范围,声导抗镫肌反射试验结果不一,冷热试验８例患侧半规管麻痹,均伴有一项或多项视－前庭眼动眼震异常;ＡＢＲ２例未能引出,敏感度为９０．９％;７例面神经电图异常;３例面神经电图异常;３例     

听神经病患者80Hz听觉稳态诱发电位研究

目的:探讨听神经病患者80 Hz听觉稳态诱发电位的特点及与听性脑干诱发电位V波的相关性.方法:以1000 Hz短音95 dBnHL作声刺激,比较听神经病组和正常对照组80 Hz听觉稳态诱发电位及短音听性脑干反应(ABR)的波形差异.结果:听神经病组两种听觉诱发电位波形的同时引出率为85.4%且波幅低或极低,ABR的Ⅰ、Ⅲ波消失;14.6%两种听觉诱发电位波形同时消失.而正常对照组两种波形的同时引出率为100.0%.结论:80 Hz听觉稳态诱发电位与听性脑干反应的V波有明显相关性.     

儿童孤独症患者脑干听觉诱发电位改变的初步观察

目的：通过观察儿童孤独症患者患者脑干听觉诱发电位的改变,探讨听觉诱发电位检测在听觉障碍儿童孤独症诊断中的临床意义。方法：按DSM－IV诊断标准确诊的15例孤独症患儿的14例正常对照组,同期接受听觉诱发反应检测,比较两组间波Ⅰ-Ⅴ各波峰潜伏期,波峰潜伏期差和波幅的差异。结果：孤独症患儿左侧波Ⅴ、右侧波Ⅱ峰间潜伏期和右侧Ⅰ－Ⅲ、Ⅰ－Ⅴ峰间潜伏期差较对照组显著延长（P＜0．05－0．005）,孤独症组右侧波Ⅲ振幅较对照组增高（P＜0．05）,其他各指标两组间无显著性差异,结论：孤独症患儿脑干听觉诱发电位的突出改变是潜伏期有延长的趋势,对就诊于耳鼻咽喉科的听阈正常而有听觉障碍,言语交往能力着,脑干听觉诱发电位检查潜伏期延长的儿童,应警惕孤独症或其他神经精神发育障碍。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对脑外伤后持续植物状态评价的意义

目的：通过脑干听觉诱发电位（brainstem auditory evoked potential, BAEP）评估颅脑外伤后持续植物状态（persistent vegetative state, PVS）患者的脑干功能。方法：对25例（50耳）PVS患者行BAEP检测,并与对照组行单因素方差分析。结果：PVS患者的BAEP异常率为80%。其改变复杂多样,主要表现为Ⅰ V各波的异常或分化不良,甚至波形缺如;Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期（peak latency, PL）延长,I V波间潜伏期（Interpeak latency, IPL）延长,双侧V波潜伏期的耳间差（inter aural latency difference, ILD）增大;Ⅲ V与Ⅰ Ⅲ波IPL之比大于1。结论：PVS患者的BAEP结果呈多样性改变,反映了患者植物状态下存在不同程度的脑干损害,为其诊疗及预后判断提供了可靠的依据。     

两种听觉监护在听神经瘤术中的联合应用及评价

目的　探讨听神经瘤手术中听觉监护的意义。比较听性脑干反应（ABR）和蜗神经动作电位（cochlear nerve action potential,CNAP）在听觉监护应用中的价值。方法　回顾性分析我中心12例保留听力手术的听神经瘤患者资料及术中情况,患者术前均有实用听力（AAO-HNS分级A级、B级）,可引出ABR波形,V波分化可,所有手术均采取乙状窦后径路摘除肿瘤。所有患者均全程ABR监护,术中打开脑膜后联合监测CNAP。结果　手术过程中所有患者ABR波形较术前基线均有不同程度的变化,可记录到V波潜伏期均较基线延长（0.68±0.41）ms。CNAP波幅个体差异性较大,可记录到的P1潜伏期均较基线延长（0.25±0.16）ms。12例中有8例（66.7%）患者术后保留可用听力;另外4例（33.3%）术后达不到可用听力,此4例患者ABR表现为3例V波消失,1例V波潜伏期延长。CNAP表现为2例CNAP的P1消失,2例P1延长。电钻钻磨造成的震动和噪声、手术时神经被牵拉或热损伤后等急性损伤后ABR和CNAP波幅均出现短时间急剧下降,手术暂停5 min后,部分患者波幅可在一定程度恢复。结论　听神经瘤手术中ABR和CNAP对于听觉监护均有一定意义。ABR波形稳定可靠,但叠加时间相对较长;CNAP叠加快速,可提升监测灵敏度,但波形变异度较大。电钻钻磨造成的震动和噪声、操作过程中对神经组织的牵拉以及热损伤均被及时监控,两者联合应用可提升听神经瘤手术的听觉功能保留率。     

Audiovestibular findings and location of an acoustic neuroma

Forty-one patients with unilateral acoustic neuroma (AN) were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 1992 and 1997. All cases were analyzed with respect to tumor location and the results of audiometric examinations, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, and electronystagmography (ENG). Tumor location was determined by MRI and cases were divided into intracanalicular and extracanalicular sites. Intracanalicular tumors were significantly smaller than the extracanalicular ones The pure-tone hearing thresholds were better in ears with intracanalicular lesions than in those with extracanalicular ones. Respectively, speech reception thresholds were 33 dB and 45 dB, and speech discrimination scores 79% and 65%. ABR was abnormal in 98% of ANs, but was insufficient for determining tumor location. The ENG pursuit test was more frequently normal and the caloric side difference was smaller in ears with intracanalicular than extracanalicular AN. These findings show that the results of pure-tone and speech audiometry and ENG are better in ears with intracanalicular AN, while ABR results are similar regardless of tumor location. Received: 11 August 1999 / Accepted: 16 November 1999     

Specificity of auditory brainstem response audiometry criteria in acoustic neuroma screening as a function of deviations of reference values in patients with cochlear hearing loss

Summary On the basis of 79 patients with cochlear hearing loss, the statistical distribution of two criteria commonly used in auditory brainstem response audiometry (ABR) was analyzed: the interaural V latency difference (ILD V) and the interaural difference of IN interpeak interval (ID I–V). The distribution of both criteria was Gaussian. By evaluating their standard deviations the percentages of statistical false-positives were estimated. The estimated results were 24% false-positive findings using the decision criterion ILD V > 0.2 ms and 5.4% false-positive findings using ID IN > 0.3 ms. This corresponds closely to the actual false-positive ABR rates obtained in this sample: 21.5% and 6.3%, respectively. In a separate series of 301 unselected cases with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss, 29 ABRs were suspect for retrocochlear pathology. In 20 patients, ABRs were absent due to severe hearing loss. Retrocochlear pathology could be confirmed in only 2 cases (both from the group with ABR present). Thus, 47 ABRs (15.7% of 299) were false-positive.     

听神经瘤术中听力监测及术后听力保留影响因素分析

目的探讨听神经瘤术中听力监测的应用及术后听力保留的可能影响因素。方法16例采用乙状窦后入路手术切除听神经瘤的成年患者,分为两组,术中采用听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)和耳蜗电图(electrocochleogram,ECochG)联合监测为监测组(8例),未监测者为未监测组(8例),比较两组患者术后听力保留情况,采用单因素分析,分析影响听力保留的可能因素,包括:年龄、病程、肿瘤大小、术前纯音听阈和言语识别率、术中是否行ABR和ECochG联合监测、内听道是否扩大、肿瘤和神经是否粘连等。结果前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)提示16例患者肿瘤来源于前庭上神经,监测组中6例术中及术毕ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅴ和复合动作电位(CAP)持续存在,术后听力保留;1例术中ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅴ和ECochG CAP持续存在,但术后无可用听力;1例术中切除肿瘤时ECochG与基线重复性良好,ABR波V消失,手术结束波V仍未恢复;监测组术后听力保留率为75.0%(6/8),未监测组术后无一例保留听力,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。单因素分析显示,年龄、病程、肿瘤大小、术前纯音听阈以及内听道扩大与术后听力保留率无关(P>0.05),术前言语识别率、术中ABR和ECochG联合监测、肿瘤和神经粘连与否与术后听力保留率相关(P<0.05)。结论听神经瘤切除术中ABR和ECochG连续监测对指导手术和提高术后听力保留率有重要意义,肿瘤与神经粘连是术后听力保留的重要影响因素,手术技巧、术前听力、肿瘤大小、内听道扩大等是否是术后听力保留的影响因素需扩大样本进一步研究验证。     

Fibrinolytic activity in patients operated for an acoustic neuroma

Summary Significantly decreased fibrinolytic activity was found in seven patients operated for an acoustic neuroma. Further studies, which are already planned, are needed to elucidate whether hypofibrinolysis plays a role in the development of neuromal tissue.This study has been supported by an Oticon grant     

Experiences at the Timone Hospital,Marseille in acoustic neuroma surgery

Summary The authors report their experiences after operating on 279 patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas between 1976 and 1988, with 258 cases managed by the translabyrinthine approach and 21 cases by the middle fossa approach. The authors emphasize the necessity for total removal in order to avoid recurrences.Presented at the First European Congress of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery, Paris, 26–29 September 1988     

耳内镜辅助下听神经瘤切除术

目的:观察耳内镜辅助下听神经瘤切除术的疗效及并发症.方法:在硬管耳内镜辅助下采用迷路进路及乙状窦后进路行听神经瘤手术11例.结果:肿瘤全切除9例(81.8%),2例(18.2%)残留部分囊壁;术中内镜下探查面神经均完整.其中9例(81.8%)术后无面瘫表现,2例(18.2%)术后出现轻度周围性面瘫;术中内镜下探查蜗神经均完整,2例(18.2%)术后听力与术前比较保持不变,9例(81.8%)出现不同程度听力下降,其中,中度感音神经性聋1例,中重度2例,重度3例,极重度3例.结论:听神经瘤切除术中使用耳内镜可提高血管、神经保全率及肿瘤全切率,但也有其不足,仅能作为显微镜手术的辅助手段.     

Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery

Hearing conservation in acoustic tumour surgery remains controversial. There have been few previous reports in the British literature. The senior author has managed 24 patients by retrosigmoid surgery with the intention of preserving hearing during the last 9 years. The clinical features, surgical technique and results are discussed with respect to pre-operative selection criteria, and post-operative quality of hearing. Hearing preservation has been achieved in 11 (78.6%) of 14 patients with small or intracanalicular tumours and a mean minimum auditory threshold of 35 dB and 70% speech discrimination, the majority (81.8%) above the 50 dB/50% level. Tumour filling the fundus of the internal auditory canal was found to be a significant adverse prognostic factor as regards successful hearing preservation. Tumour excision was complete in all patients. Nearly 90% of patients had normal facial function, and the remaining 10% grade II function. Associated morbidity was minimal. It is suggested that the potential for hearing conservation should be considered as a factor in the management of patients with small acoustic neuromas.     

听神经瘤患者前庭诱发肌源性电位的特征

目的:建立听力室前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)潜伏期、振幅等参数的正常值,探讨VEMP对听神经瘤(AN)诊断的意义.方法:以短声为刺激声,双耳给声,双侧胸锁乳突肌分别记录VEMP.选取46例听力正常的健康人群,记录VEMP,建立VEMP正常值;2006～2007年收治的14例AN患者,除听觉脑干反应(ABR)和前庭冷热实验外,记录并分析VEMP的各项参数.结果:46例听力正常者中,43例双耳均可引出VEMP,3例双耳均不能引出,引出率为93.5%(86/92).VEMP正常值参数分别为:p13潜伏期(11.86±2.11)ms,n23潜伏期(18.57±2.19)ms,p13n23间期(6.71±1.69)ms,p13n23振幅(24.18±8.22)μV;耳间差各参数分别为:p13潜伏期耳间差(|△p13|)(0.64±0.61)ms,n23潜伏期耳间差(|△n23|)(1.05±0.97)ms,p13n23间期耳间差(|△p13n23|)(0.84±0.81)ms,振幅比1.32±0.37,耳间不对称率0.12±0.11.14例AN患者中,3例两侧均未引出VEMP,8例健侧正常患侧未引出,3例健侧正常患侧VEMP表现为p13、p13n23间期的耳间差延长.结论:VEMP可作为听神经瘤的筛查方法,联合其他检查可提高听神经瘤的检出率.