栓塞微球联合碘化油化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的临床研究

目的评价栓塞微球联合碘化油化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析41例经确诊的原发性肝癌患者:对照组20例,先行灌注艾恒和吡柔比星,然后推注碘化油吡柔比星乳化剂直至血流中断且肿瘤染色消失;Embosphere微球组21例,灌注同样化疗药并注入少量碘化油+吡柔比星乳化剂后,注入Embosphere微球至靶血管闭塞,肿瘤染色消失。分别对2组患者的栓塞次数,手术前后肝功能、血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、肿瘤大小的改变情况,栓塞相关并发症,术后生活质量及生存率进行比较。结果微球组患者接受治疗的次数明显少于对照组患者,微球组总有效率为38.1%,获益率为90.5%;对照组总有效率为30.0%,获益率为80.0%。2组患者治疗后AFP明显降低,差异有统计学意义。治疗前后KPS评分比较,微球组要高于对照组(P<0.05)。微球组患者术后生存率要高于单纯碘油组,但两者之间差异无统计学意义。结论 Embosphere栓塞微球联合化疗栓塞治疗肝癌比单纯碘化油化疗栓塞更加有效,能明显提高患者术后生活质量和近期生存率,尤其对巨块型肝癌疗效明显。     

联合微球和碘化油化疗栓塞治疗巨块型肝细胞癌的疗效评价

目的 探讨经导管微球加碘化油化疗栓塞治疗巨块型肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床疗效.方法 对156例确诊的巨块型HCC患者,按随机数字表法分成M、L、M+L3组,每组52例.M组选用微球进行栓塞至肿瘤血管血流基本截断.L组单纯选用超液态碘化油栓塞.M+L组先用总量1/3～1/2的碘化油栓塞,然后选用微球栓塞至肿瘤血管不显影.对比3组患者对栓塞的反应、肝功能和血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)变化、有效率(病灶完全消失+病灶缩小的比例)、获益率(病灶完全消失+病灶缩小+病灶稳定的比例)、180 d及360 d生存率以及是否有栓塞并发症等,以探讨疗效.计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料采用方差分析.结果 M组总有效率为38.5%(20/52),获益率为73.1%(38/52),180 d及360 d生存率分别为88.5%(46/52)、82.3%(43/52);L组总有效率为42.3%(22/52),获益率为76.9%(40/52),180 d及360 d生存率分别为86.5%(45/52)、75.0%(39/52);M+L组总有效率为55.8%(29/52),获益率为88.5%(46/52),180 d及360 d生存率分别为94.2%(49/52)、86.5%(45/52).采用χ2检验比较,M+L组与M组、L组的有效率及获益率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.27、6.16,P值均＜0.05).同时,术后M组、L组与M+L组的发热发生率分别为63.4%(33/52)、86.5%(45/52)、69.2%(36/52)、恶心呕吐发生率分别为67.3%(35/52)、84.6%(44/52)、76.9%(40/52)、肝区疼痛发生率分别为59.6%(31/52)、86.5%(45/52)、73.1%(38/52),采用χ2检验比较差异也有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.55、6.22、6.90,P值均＜0.05).结论 微球+碘化油联合栓塞治疗原发性巨块型HCC较单独使用碘化油或微球栓塞更有效,且不良反应发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect with microspheres embolization for giant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A prospective study was performed for 156 HCC patients needed for TACE, then randomly signed them into group M (embolized by microspheres alone), group L (embolized by lipiodol alone) and group M + L (embolized by microspheres combined with lipiodol). TACE of group M was performed by 300-700 μm microspheres. Group L selected lipiodol alone to embolize. While group M + L were embolized by about 1/3-1/2 lipiodol of total embolized volume and then microspheres feeding individual tumor vessels. Stoped the procedure when caused terminal vessel blockade. Before and after therapy, patients'liver function, serum α-fetoprotein level (AFP), responses of tumor, complications related to embolization and survive rates of 180 days and 360 days were analyzed among three groups.Enumeration data such as survive rates and positive response were compared by χ2 test, while measurement data were analyzed by one-way classification. Results The positive response (CR + PR) of group M was 38.5% (20/52)and (CR + PR + SD)73. 1% (38/52). Survive rates of 180 days and 360 days were 88. 5% (46/52) and 82. 3% (43/52). While those of group L were 42. 3% (22/52) ,76.9% (40/52),86.5%(45/52), 75.0% (39/52) and group M + L were 55. 8 % (29/52), 88.5 % (46/52), 94. 2% (49/52),86. 5％ (45/52). Significant difference of survival rates and total effective between group M + L and M,M + L and L was found(χ2 = 6. 27,6. 16, P ＜ 0. 05). At the same time adverse responses of incidence and persis time such as febricity, nausea and vomit, hepatic pain were more lower in group M + L and group M.Three groups febricity rate were 63.4% (33/52), 86. 5% (45/52) and 69. 2% (36/52), nausea and vomit were 67.3 % (35/52) ,84. 6% (44/52) and 76. 9% (40/52), hepatic pain were 59. 6% (31/52), 86. 5 %(45/52), 73. 1% (38/52) (χ2 = 6.55, 6. 22, 6. 90, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Embolization with microspheres can get longer and more effective treatment. TACE with microspheres and lipiodol for embolizing HCC was more effective than with Microspheres or lipiodol alone.     

海藻酸钠微球联合碘化油平阳霉素乳剂在肝海绵状血管瘤栓塞术中的临床应用

目的进一步减轻肝海绵状血管瘤（cavernous hemangioma of liver,CHL）血管介入栓塞治疗的不良反应,寻找效果更好的栓塞剂。方法将60例CHL患者随机平均分为3组,每组20例。（1）SAM＋PLE组：海藻酸钠微球（sodium alginate microsphere,SAM）＋碘化油平阳霉素乳剂（pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion,PLE）;（2）PLE组;（3）SAM组。分别行血管栓塞术,术后常规对症处理,包括止痛、保肝治疗、抗炎处理。分别对3组患者术前、术后7d肝功能,术中术后不适反应,术后3个月CT复查肿瘤的改变情况以及术后3个月临床症状缓情况进行比较。结果3组栓塞剂对肝功能的影响以PLE组最大;在术中、术后出现不适反应以SAM组最多;3组栓塞剂对于CHL治疗疗效无明显差异。结论SAM＋PLE乳剂为安全有效的栓塞剂,使用方便,对肝功能影响少,术中术后反应轻,建议在肝海绵状血管瘤的栓塞中推广使用。     

海藻酸钠微球与碘化油经导管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价海藻酸钠微球与传统的碘化油经导管动脉化疗栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的疗效差异.方法 检索维普、万方、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、Web of science数据库,采用Revman 5.3和Stata 12.0统计软件进行...     

带药微球与碘化油、明胶海绵联合应用栓塞治疗肝癌的可行性研究

本文通过对２４例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者，应用带药微球并联合应用碘化油和／或明胶海绵栓塞治疗，探讨多种栓塞剂联合应用治疗肝癌的可行性。结果表明：单独应用微球栓塞，血管再通率较高，而将微球同碘油联合应用，可发挥碘油携带微球，微球携带药物的“双重携带”作用，得到最佳栓塞效果。本组患者１年生存率为６６％。     

微球+碘化油联合栓塞与碘化油单独栓塞治疗肝癌的比较研究

目的比较微球 碘化油联合栓塞与单独使用碘化油栓塞治疗原发性肝细胞癌的近期疗效.材料和方法将行介入治疗的原发性肝细胞癌患者随机分为两组微球 碘化油联合栓塞组(ML)及碘化油单独栓塞组(L).ML组患者接受治疗时行将直径300-500p.m的微球0.5-2ml与5-20ml碘化油配置成混悬液,对肿瘤供血动脉进行栓塞;对L组患者单独采用碘化油进行栓塞.分别对两组患者术前、术后肝功能,血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,肿瘤的改变情况,栓塞相关并发症及生存率进行比较.结果共179例(男/女119/60,平均年龄54.82±13.31岁)原发性肝细胞癌患者入选本组研究.分组后ML组有91例,L组88例.接受治疗后ML组患者AFP值下降及肿瘤缩小程度较L组明显;ML组患者肝功能受损伤较L组明显(P＜0.05),两组患者生存率无显著差异.结论微球 碘化油联合栓塞治疗原发性肝细胞癌较单独使用碘化油栓塞更有效;但联合栓塞造成肝功能损害较严重,应注意栓塞剂的用量及肝功能的保护.     

无水酒精-碘化油栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

目的评价无水酒精-碘化油经导管动脉栓塞(TAE)对原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效.材料与方法17例患者进行了20次TAE治疗.无水酒精与碘化油体积比为11～13,充分超选择栓塞,观察治疗前后AFP、CT、DSA的变化.结果20例次均成功地进行了肝脏亚段、亚-亚段栓塞,栓塞后DSA表现为肿瘤血管闭塞、肿瘤染色消失,肿瘤血管再通及侧枝循环形成均明显减少;CT显示肿瘤明显缩小、肿瘤内碘化油聚集明显且排空延迟.无明显副作用发生.结论无水酒精-碘化油TAE治疗HCC具有操作简便、副作用小、肿瘤血管再通及侧枝循环形成少的特点,可明显增强栓塞效果,同时减少TAE次数.     

海藻酸钠微球联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的Meta分析

目的评价国产海藻酸钠微球栓塞剂（KMG）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌的临床效果。 方法：检索Cochrane数据库、PubMed数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）及万方数据库。检索时间为建库至2016年10月。中文检索词为海藻酸钠、肝动脉化疗栓塞、肝癌。英文检索词为sodium alginate microspheres、hepatocellular carcinoma、transcatheter arterial chemoembolization。搜集公开发表的关于KMG联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的中英文文献,由3名研究者盲法按纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选和纳入文献的质量评估。使用RevManManger 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果按要求共纳入6篇中文文献,共计497例,其中病例组（KMG联合TACE）225例,对照组（单纯TACE）272例。Meta分析结果显示较于TACE,KMG联合TACE能更好地缩小肿瘤体积（OR=4.15, 95%CI:2.38～7.24, P<0.05）;提高患者1年生存率（OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.71～3.75, P<0.05）。但并不能更好地减少术后发热（OR=1.23, 95%CI:0.57～2.69, P=0.60）、术后消化道反应（OR=1.49, 95%CI:0.54～4.15, P=0.44）和术后腹痛（OR=1.39, 95%CI:0.77～2.52, P=0.27）。 结论KMG联合TACE能够缩小病灶和提高患者1年生存率,但对术后栓塞反应无明显改善,具有一定的临床价值。     

The Current Practice of Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Despite remarkable advancement in the surveillance and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the availability of novel curative options, a great proportion of HCC patients are still not eligible for curative treatment due to an advanced tumor stage or poor hepatic functional reserve. Therefore, there is a continuing need for effective palliative treatments. Although practiced widely, it has only recently been demonstrated that the use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) provides a survival benefit based on randomized controlled studies. Hence, TACE has become standard treatment in selected patients. TACE combines the effect of targeted chemotherapy with the effect of ischemic necrosis induced by arterial embolization. Most of the TACE procedures have been based on iodized oil utilizing the microembolic and drug-carrying characteristic of iodized oil. Recently, there have been efforts to improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to a tumor. In this review, the basic principles, technical issues and complications of TACE are reviewed and recent advancement in TACE technique and clinical applicability are briefed.     

碘油栓塞后临床长期稳定肝癌病灶的MRI研究

目的:分析经导管动脉内化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗后临床长期稳定肝癌(HCC)的MRI表现,为临床可以长期随访或II期手术的肝癌患者提供指导。方法:42例HCC患者(86个病灶)TACE治疗后,经临床随访1年以上并证实为病灶稳定。28例54个病灶于治疗前行MRI检查,所有患者分别于治疗后3个月、12个月行MRI检查。常规行SET1WI、T2WI和3期动态增强扫描。回顾性分析各个时间点HCC的MRI表现及变化情况。结果:SE序列:T1WI上所有病灶在治疗前后不同时期信号改变无特异性。T2WI上治疗前52个病灶(52/54)为高信号,2个为等信号;治疗后3个月46个为等低信号,8个仍为高信号且信号强度高于治疗前;治疗后12个月所有病灶为等低信号。另14例32个病灶治疗后3个月T2WI上12个为高信号,20个为等低信号;治疗后12个月27个为等低信号,5个仍为高信号,但信号强度较前降低。动态增强扫描:治疗前54个(54/54)病灶增强早期均明显强化;所有病灶(86个)治疗后不同时期动态增强早期均未见强化,34个(34/86)病灶显示有完整和清楚的包膜。所有病灶均有不同程度的缩小,其中20个缩小>75%,44个缩小50%~75%,22个缩小25%~50%。结论:经TACE治疗后临床长期稳定的HCC病灶可靠的MRI表现为动态增强早期病灶无强化,包膜清楚、完整,体积缩小。T2WI呈等、低信号,高信号转变为等低信号或信号强度降低能提示病灶稳定。MRI平扫对病灶稳定性的判断需要密切随访和结合动态增强扫描。MRI能为适合临床长期随访或Ⅱ期切除的肝癌患者提供有价值的影像学信息。     

Local Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Segmental Transarterial Chemoembolization: Risk Estimates Based on Multiple Prognostic Factors

Objective

To determine the prognostic factors for local recurrence of nodular hepatocellular carcinoma after segmental transarterial chemoembolization.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-four nodular hepatocellular carcinoma tumors ≤ 5 cm were retrospectively analyzed for local recurrence after segmental transarterial chemoembolization using follow-up CT images (median follow-up of 17 months, 4-77 months in range). The tumors were divided into four groups (IA, IB, IIA, and IIB) according to whether the one-month follow-up CT imaging, after segmental transarterial chemoembolization, showed homogeneous (Group I) or inhomogeneous (Group II) iodized oil accumulation, or whether the tumors were located within the liver segment (Group A) or in a segmental border zone (Group B). Comparison of tumor characteristics between Group IA and the other three groups was performed using the chi-square test. Local recurrence rates were compared among the groups using the Kaplan-Meier estimation and log rank test.

Results

Local tumor recurrence occurred in 19 hepatocellular carcinoma tumors (25.7%). There were: 28, 18, 17, and 11 tumors in Group IA, IB, IIA, and IIB, respectively. One of 28 (3.6%) tumors in Group IA, and 18 of 46 (39.1%) tumors in the other three groups showed local recurrence. Comparisons between Group IA and the other three groups showed that the tumor characteristics were similar. One-, two-, and three-year estimated local recurrence rates in Group IA were 0%, 11.1%, and 11.1%, respectively. The difference between Group IA and the other three groups was statistically significant (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

An acceptably low rate of local recurrence was observed for small or intermediate nodular tumors located within the liver segment with homogeneous iodized oil accumulation.     

Cerebral Lipiodol Embolism: A Complication of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

We report a case of cerebral lipiodol embolism following transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma. A 70-year-old woman with a large unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma underwent TACE. Her level of consciousness deteriorated after the procedure, and magnetic resonance imaging and non-contrast computed tomography revealed a cerebral lipiodol embolism. Despite intensive care, the patient died 2 weeks later. The complication might have been due to systemic-pulmonary shunts caused by previous surgeries and/or direct invasion of the recurrent tumor.     

原发性肝癌的复合性栓塞治疗

目的：通过对原发性肝癌（PHC）三种介入治疗方法的疗效比较，评估其应用价值。材料和方法：根据不同的治疗方法，分为3组。A组：30例，为单纯动脉内抗癌药灌注（TAI）；B组：15例，为单纯用碘化油动脉栓塞（TA）；C组：45例，碘化油与抗癌药再加明胶海绵复合性动脉栓塞（TACE）。对三组的肿瘤直径缩小率、甲胎蛋白的变化、累计生存率及生存期进行观察对比。结果：TACE组甲胎蛋白降至正常者高于TAI或TAE组（p＜0．01）。TACE组肿瘤缩小率高于TAI或TAE组（p＜0．01）。TACE组累计生存率显著高于TAI或TAE组（p＜0．01）。TACE组平均生存期也高于TAI或TAE组（p＜0．05）。结论：含抗癌药碘油加明胶海绵复合性栓塞治疗原发性肝癌是目前一种比较好的方法。     

Lipiodol retention within hepatic cavernous hemangioma

Intraarterial injection of Lipiodol has been recommended to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from benign lesions such as cavernous hemangioma, because uptake and prolonged retention of the contrast medium is a characteristic of the malignant tumors. In two cases of cavernous hemangioma of the liver in which we injected Lipiodol, uptake and retention up to 3 months was demonstrated. We conclude that the intraarterial injection of Lipiodol may not be reliable in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from cavernous hemangioma of the liver.     

原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的影像学表现及动脉化疗栓塞疗效观察

目的探讨原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的影像学表现及动脉化疗栓塞的临床疗效。资料与方法回顾性分析9例原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓患者的影像学资料及动脉化疗栓塞疗效。结果常规腹部CT扫描范围,平扫心房癌栓均漏诊,增强扫描漏诊7例;心房癌栓CT平扫呈等密度,动脉期轻度强化呈结节样充盈缺损,栓塞后癌栓内不同程度碘油沉积;肿瘤侵犯肝静脉、下腔静脉至右心房8例,直接侵犯下腔静脉进入右心房1例,血管造影均显示条纹征。术后6个月、12个月生存率分别为77.8%(7/9),33.3%(3/9),中位生存期为9.5个月。结论原发性肝癌若肝静脉、下腔静脉与右心房出现充盈缺损、条纹征即可诊断右心房癌栓;化疗栓塞是治疗原发性肝癌并右心房癌栓的安全、有效方法。     

125I粒子植入联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌

目的 探讨125I粒子植入联合经肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌的短期疗效和安全性.方法 60例经病理检查确诊的肝癌患者,按照入院时间的单、双日,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组28例,对照组32例.观察组患者确诊后行肝动脉栓塞化疗,2周后用放射性粒子计算机治疗计划系统制定治疗方案,在CT或B超导向下经皮穿刺,将125I粒子植入肝脏瘤体内,平均植入粒子数25粒/例(15-4JD粒/例).粒子植入术后定期行肝动脉栓塞化疗.粒子植入治疗前、后进行血常规、肝功能等检测,并进行重复测量方差分析.每2个月复查1次X线平片及腹部CT.对照组患者行单纯经肝动脉栓塞化疗.2组患者一般临床资料及生存率、有效率的比较采用X2检验.结果 观察组28例放射性粒子按术前计划植入到位,植入过程中无粒子丢失及移位;粒子植入后1周内丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)有一过性升高,2周后基本恢复正常;WBC、Hb、IgA、IgG手术前后无明显变化;术后未见严重并发症发生.治疗后4个月观察组有效率为75.0%(21/28),对照组为37.5%(12/32),2组差异有统计学意义(X2=8.485,P=0.004).观察组和对照组6个月生存率分别为92.9%(26/28)和75.0%(24/32),2组差异无统计学意义(X2=2.263,P=0.132);1年生存率分别为72.0%(18/25)和43.3%(13/30),2组间差别有统计学意义(X2=4.556,P=0.033).结论 125I粒子植入联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗肝癌方法简单易行、安全、近期疗效确切.     

局部化疗栓塞术为主的肌骨肿瘤的综合介入治疗(附52例报告)

目的：探讨碘油化疗栓塞术治疗肌骨恶性肿瘤的临床价值,强调肌骨肿瘤综合介入治疗的重要性。方法：对52例肌骨肿瘤患者行以碘油局部化疗栓塞术为主的多种介入方法的综合治疗,全部病例分为手术组22例和非手术组30例,介入方法包括术前局部动脉灌注化疗术、局部动脉栓塞术、腹主动脉球囊阻断术、碘油局部化疗栓塞术及局部射频治疗等。结果：手术组术前动脉栓塞及球囊阻断术后手术出血量明显减少。非手术组碘油化疗栓塞术后患者局部疼痛减轻,肿块缩小,生存期延长,未出现皮肤坏死、溃疡或感染等严重并发症。结论：对不能手术的肌骨恶性肿瘤病变应进行以姑息性碘油化疗栓塞术为主的综合介入治疗。碘油局部化疗栓塞治疗安全可靠,疗效好,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

实体瘤反应评价标准、欧洲肝病学会和改良实体瘤反应评价标准评价原发性肝癌化疗栓塞效果一致性的比较

目的 比较实体瘤反应评价标准(RECIST)、欧洲肝病学会(EASL)和改良的RECIST标准用于评价原发性肝癌化疗栓塞术后肿瘤缓解程度的一致性.方法 50例确诊为原发性肝癌患者接受两次化疗栓塞术.术前1周内、治疗后4周患者分别接受螺旋CT或MR三期扫描.据RECIST、EASL、改良RECIST标准评价肿瘤缓解程度.3种方法评价缓解率的比较采用x2检验,一致性检验采用kappa分析.结果 据RECIST、EASL、改良RECIST标准分别评价疗效时,达CR、PR、SD、PD患者例数分别为0、10、30、10例,6、21、14、9例,6、21、13、10例.据上述3种标准评价治疗的缓解率分别为20%、54%、54%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).RECIST与EASL标准之间、RECIST与改良RECIST标准之间的kappa分析,kappa值分别为0.382、0.170(P=0.000);而EASL与改良RECIST标准之间的kappa值达0.857(P=0.000).结论 RECIST标准低估原发性肝癌化疗栓塞术局部治疗的效果.EASL和改良RECIST标准,对疗效评价一致性程度高;但改良RECIST标准在临床实践中更简便易行.