当归及其多糖对隐孢子虫感染小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的 探讨当归及当归多糖对隐孢子虫感染小鼠的免疫调节作用.方法 连续8 d灌服给小鼠醋酸地赛米松后,于第9 d经口接种1×10^6个隐孢子虫卵囊1次,建立隐孢子虫感染模型,再经当归水煎剂及当归多糖灌胃治疗10 d,计数粪便隐孢子虫卵囊,观察肠组织病理学改变,检测T细胞亚群和血清IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ水平.并设正常对照、模型对照和西药对照组.结果 与模型组比较,西药组、当归水煎剂组和当归多糖组小鼠卵囊排除数量减少（第4天分别为300个、50个、238个和230个）,肠组织病理学改变较轻,免疫学检测发现CD4^＋T细胞[分别为（38.85±8.16）%、（47.98±11.90）%、（55.85±6.63）%、（51.43±8.42）%]CD4^＋/CD8^＋[分别为1.98±0.47、2.25±0.53、2.51±0.55、2.42±0.23）]及IL-2的水平[分别为（28.75 4±1.93）pg/ml、（69.02±10.47）ps/ml、（42.91±4.48）pg/ml、（40.90±0.79）pg/ml]IL-4的水平[分别为（42.00±6.79）pg/ml、（64.26±6.07）pg/ml、（58.31±9.13）ps/ml、（54.95±8.99）pg/ml]和IFN-γ的水平[分别为（28.73±8.71）ps/ml、（45.40±6.11）pg/ml、（84.40±7.63）pg/ml、（78.40±6.32）pg/ml]明显升高（F值分别为13.58、19.37、24.22、54.36和35.74 P值均小于0.05）.结论 当归水煎剂和当归多糖通过增强机体免疫功能促进隐孢子虫感染的免疫抑制小鼠的恢复.     

当归补血汤对骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能重建的影响

目的 研究当归补血汤(DBT)对骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能重建作用的影响.方法 BALB/c小鼠一次性接受全身137Csγ线致死量照射8.5Gy,照射后0-4h内经尾静脉输注同基因骨髓细胞107/只,同时给于不同剂量DBT,每日灌胃1次,连续15d.于骨髓移植后30、60d,检测以下指标:外周血红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)计数,骨髓有核细胞计数,胸腺、脾细胞总数和相应淋巴细胞亚类,以及反映免疫细胞功能的迟发型超敏反应(DTH)、空斑形成细胞数(PFC)等.结果 经一定剂量DBT治疗的骨髓移植小鼠,其外周血中RBC、WBC计数,骨髓有核细胞计数,脾细胞和胸腺细胞总数,胸腺内各类细胞[双阴性细胞(DN)、双阳性细胞(DP)、单阳性细胞(SP)]的百分比值,与单纯骨髓移植小鼠比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且淋巴细胞的功能也得到进一步增强.到移植后60d,其各项指标进一步恢复.结论 当归补血汤可以促进骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能的恢复.     

黄芪及黄芪多糖对隐孢子虫感染小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的探讨黄芪及黄芪多糖对隐孢子虫感染的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。结论 20日龄Balb/c小鼠连续8d灌服醋酸地赛米松后,于第9天经口接种1×106个隐孢子虫卵囊1次,建立隐孢子虫感染模型,再经黄芪水煎剂及黄芪多糖灌胃治疗10d,并设正常对照、模型对照和西药对照组。每日计数粪便隐孢子虫卵囊数量,组织切片HE染色后光学显微镜观察肠组织病理学改变,ELISA法检测血清IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ水平,流式细胞仪检测T细胞亚群。结果与模型组比较,黄芪水煎剂组、黄芪多糖组和西药组小鼠卵囊排出数量减少,肠组织病理学改变较轻,免疫学检测发现CD4、CD4/CD8及IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ水平明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论黄芪水煎剂及黄芪多糖通过增强免疫功能促进隐孢子虫感染小鼠恢复。     

当归补血汤治疗肿瘤化疗不良反应随机对照临床试验的Meta分析

目的 系统评价目前当归补血汤治疗肿瘤化疗不良反应的疗效和安全性。方法 电子检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、美国国立医学图书馆（PubMed）、TheCochrane Library,截止2017年12月。应用Cochrane Risk of bias量表评价纳入研究的质量,釆用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入14篇文献,包括1369例患者,Meta分析结局指标结果显示:白细胞水平升高[     

当归补血汤含药血清体外诱导耳蜗干细胞的增殖分化

目的：观察当归补血汤对耳蜗干细胞体外诱导分化的影响,并探讨浓度对其的影响。方法：分离新生大鼠Corti器的耳蜗干细胞进行细胞培养,在相差显微镜下观察细胞形态及生长状况,用Nestin免疫荧光法进行耳蜗干细胞鉴定。采用不同剂量当归补血汤进行诱导分化后,采用MyosinⅦA、P27~(KIP1)免疫荧光方法,鉴定内耳毛细胞和支持细胞,并进行细胞计数。结果：当归补血汤细胞诱导分化的内耳毛细胞和内耳支持细胞数量明显较对照组多,其中剂量为0．5 g/ml组向内耳毛细胞的分化比例最高。结论：当归补血汤可以提高耳蜗干细胞体外分化为内耳毛细胞和支持细胞的数量。其中剂量0．5 g/ml组向内耳毛细胞的分化数量较高。     

当归多糖及当归内酯对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

利用混合淋巴细胞培养反应研究了传统中药当归来源的两种免疫调节剂当归多糖（ＡＳＤＰ），当归内酯（ＡＳＤＥ３）的免疫作用机理。结果表明：两者均能明显促进由同种异型抗原刺激的正常小鼠及Ｓ１８０荷瘤小鼠脾细胞增殖（Ｐ〈０．０１），其促进作用与剂量之间呈依赖关系。在一定浓度范围内（１６￣５００μｇ／ｍｌ）对未经活化的脾细胞无诱导增殖作用。选择促进效应较大的药物剂量，培养９６ｈ，对活化的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化标     

犬隐孢子虫和隐孢子虫病的研究进展

隐孢子虫病（Cryptosporidiosis）是由隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium）起的一种重要的人畜共患病。近年来，隐孢子虫病的检出率逐年增高，已被列为世界最常见的6种腹泻病之一。犬隐孢子虫病世界各地均有报道，严重威胁着人类和动物的健康。本文对犬隐孢子虫病的病原分类、虫体形态和寄生部位、流行病学特点、诊断、防治等方面研究状况进行了综述，为犬隐孢子虫病的有效防制提供参考。     

当归多糖对小鼠粒单系血细胞发生的影响

采用造血祖细胞体外培养等技术研究当归多糖(AP)对小鼠粒单系血细胞发生的影响.结果表明:注射AP对正常或骨髓抑制,贫血鼠的粒单系祖细胞(CFU-GM)增殖有明显刺激作用;AP体内、外刺激制备的脾细胞条件培养液,腹腔巨噬细胞培养上清液对CFU-GM增殖具有较高刺激活性;AP体内注射制备的肌条件培养液亦对CFU-GM增殖有较高调控活性;注射AP对骨髓粒单系造血有显著促进作用;并能增高外周血白细胞.提示AP可能通过直接和/或间接途径激活造血微环境中的巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等,也可刺激肌组织,促进其产生造血调控因子,进而促进多能造血干细胞和CFU-GM增殖分化,这或许是当归"补血"的细胞生物学机理之一.     

当归补血汤对动脉粥样硬化兔内皮祖细胞及血清VEGF、SDF-1的影响

目的: 观察当归补血汤对兔动脉粥样硬化模型外周血内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells, EPCs)功能及血清血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、基质细胞衍生因子1(stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1)表达的影响。方法: 新西兰兔25只,免疫损伤结合高脂饮食法建立动脉粥样硬化模型,模型动物随机分为5组,每组5只。模型组灌胃等量蒸馏水,辛伐他汀组灌胃辛伐他汀水悬液1.7 mg/kg,当归补血汤高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃当归补血汤6 g/kg、3 g/kg、1.5 g/kg,每天1次,2周后取兔血检测VEGF和SDF-1水平,培养并鉴定兔外周血EPCs,MTT法检测增殖能力,黏附实验检测黏附能力,Transwell小室检测迁移能力,体外血管生成试剂盒检测形成小管能力。结果: 与模型组比较,辛伐他汀及当归补血汤高、中剂量组家兔血清VEGF和SDF-1水平增高(P＜0.05),且EPCs的增殖、黏附、迁移和形成小管能力均有增强(P＜0.05)。结论: 当归补血汤可能通过提高循环VEGF和SDF-1水平来促进动脉粥样硬化EPCs的活性。     

当归补血汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注血-脑屏障和大脑皮质神经元的影响

目的:探讨当归补血汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质神经元的治疗作用。方法:将90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、当归补血汤(高、中、低剂量)组。观察各组大鼠行为学缺陷、从股静脉注入伊文斯蓝溶液观察血-脑屏障通透性变化、用Nissl染色法观察大脑皮质神经元的形态和数量。结果:与模型组相比较,当归补血汤治疗组各剂量均能改善大鼠神经功能(P<0.05)、减少脑组织中伊文斯蓝含量(P<0.05)、增加大脑皮质神经元数量(P<0.05),并以中剂量组效果最好。结论:当归补血汤对缺血再灌注引发的大脑皮质神经元死亡有保护作用,这可能与其降低血-脑屏障通透性有关。     

Modulation of intestinal mucosal immunity by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in chickens

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on intestinal immune responses and cytokines secretions in chickens at nutrition-immunity level. The proportion of CD3⁺CD8⁺ lymphocytes of intestinal mucosa in CO group was higher on d 21 than that in FO (p?<?0.01) and PO (p?<?0.05) group. The proportion of CD3⁺CD4⁺ lymphocytes of FO group was greatly significantly higher on d 21, relative to PO or CO group. The FO treatment enhanced the sIgA concentration in jejunum on d 42, compared with CO and PO group. Fish oil and corn oil had similar effects on enhancing IL-2 secretion of PBMC, and converse effects on IL-4 secretion. Compared with PO group, chickens supplemented with fish oil or corn oil had greater concentration of intestinal mucosal membrane phospholipids on d 21 and d 42. In conclusion, the changes of intestinal lymphocytes membrane phospholipids in FO or CO group would modulate lipid second messengers. The changes of CD expression would affect sIgA secretion of intestinal lymphocytes. Diet supplemented with corn oil or fish oil can affect cytokines secretion of PBMC in chickens, which works on systemic and mucosal immune response.     

Dendritic cells infected with adenovirus expressing the thyrotrophin receptor induce Graves' hyperthyroidism in BALB/c mice

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and a prerequisite for the initiation of primary immune response. This study was performed to investigate the contribution of DCs to the initiation of Graves' hyperthyroidism, an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which the thyrotrophin receptor (TSHR) is the major autoantigen. DCs were prepared from bone marrow precursor cells of BALB/c mice by culturing with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Subcutaneous injections of DCs infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing the TSHR (but not beta-galactosidase) in syngeneic female mice induced Graves'-like hyperthyroidism (8 and 35% of mice after two and three injections, respectively) characterized by stimulating TSHR antibodies, elevated serum thyroxine levels and diffuse hyperplasitc goiter. TSHR antibodies determined by ELISA were of both IgG1 (Th2-type) and IgG2a (Th1-type) subclasses, and splenocytes from immunized mice secreted interferon-gamma (a Th1 cytokine), not interleukin-4 (a Th2 cytokine), in response to TSHR antigen. Surprisingly, IFN-gamma secretion, and induction of antibodies and disease were almost completely suppressed by co-administration of alum/pertussis toxin, a Th2-dominant adjuvant, whereas polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, a Th1-inducer, enhanced splenocyte secretion of IFN-gamma without changing disease incidence. These observations demonstrate that DCs efficiently present the TSHR to naive T cells to induce TSHR antibodies and Graves'-like hyperthyroidism in mice. In addition, our results challenge the previous concept of Th2 dominance in Graves' hyperthyroidism and provide support for the role of Th1 immune response in disease pathogenesis.     

Modulation of adaptive immunity with Toll-like receptors

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their role in sensing infections represents one of the most seminal advances in immunology in recent years. It is now clear that TLRs play a fundamental role in innate recognition of microbes, and stimulate and tune the quality of the adaptive immune response. However, major knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of how TLRs regulate the development and persistence of T- and B-cell memory. Here, we review our current understanding of how TLR-signaling shapes the adaptive immune response, and highlight unanswered questions, the solution of which will be imperative in the rational exploitation of TLRs in vaccine design and immune therapy.     

日本血吸虫感染小鼠肠系膜淋巴结T细胞亚群的变化

目的:观察C57BL/6小鼠感染日本血吸虫(Schistosome japonicum,Sj)4～6周肠系膜淋巴结T细胞亚群的改变。方法:用Sj尾蚴腹贴法建立Sj感染的小鼠模型。4～6周后取肠系膜淋巴结做淋巴细胞计数,使用细胞内细胞因子染色的方法,利用流式细胞仪检测肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞中分泌不同细胞因子的T细胞亚群含量的变化。结果:Sj感染C57BL/6小鼠4～6周后,肠系膜淋巴结细胞数量明显增多;流式细胞仪检测发现肠系膜淋巴结中CD4+T细胞中分泌IFN-γ的Th1细胞增多1倍,分泌IL-4和IL-5的Th2细胞增多近20倍,Th1/Th2轴发生偏移;分泌IL-17的Th17细胞也增多近5倍;分泌IFN-γ的CD8+T细胞也增多1倍。结论:日本血吸虫感染C57BL/6小鼠4～6周肠系膜淋巴结细胞增多,并向Th2和Th17型细胞极化。     

Contrasting roles for IL-10 in protective immunity to different life cycle stages of intestinal nematode parasites

Expulsion of the gastro-intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis is associated with a pronounced mastocytosis mediated by a T helper (Th) 2 type response involving interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. Here we demonstrate that IL-10 is a key regulator of protective immune responses against T. spiralis in vivo. IL-10 knockout mice or normal mice treated with a neutralizing anti-IL-10 receptor antibody are highly susceptible to a primary T. spiralis infection and show significantly delayed adult worm expulsion. Depletion of IL-10 resulted in elevated Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses but significantly reduced numbers of mucosal mast cells in the jejunum. Interestingly, the increase in IFN-gamma detected in the absence of IL-10 resulted in increased immunity to larval stages. Hence, IL-10 has a negative effect on immunity to the tissue dwelling larval stages of T. spiralis but plays a significant biological role as an in vivo regulator of intestinal mast cell responses and is crucially involved in protection against adult stages of intestinal parasites in vivo.     

Dietary fatty acid effects on T-cell-mediated immunity in mice infected with mycoplasma pulmonis or given carcinogens by injection.

To test whether or not diets enriched in w-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are significantly immunosuppressive, B10.D2, DBA/2, and C3B6F1 mice were fed diets enriched for fatty acids: linoleic (POLY), oleic (MONO), palmitic (SAT), or eicosapentanoic (FISH). The B10.D2 and DBA/2 mice were given injected methylcholanthrene several weeks later, and immune studies were performed several months after carcinogen treatment. In conventional quarters, DBA/2 fed the POLY diet survived poorly, and many were infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis, even if given the vehicle, tractinoin, only. B10.D2 mice survived well unless on the POLY diet and given methylcholanthrene. Nevertheless, only mice on the POLY diet were significantly immunosuppressed, and only T-cell-mediated cutaneous sensitivity reactions were affected. Antibody, natural killer cell, and natural cytotoxic cell responses were not influenced by the diets. The C3B6F1 mice were assessed for immune functions prior to carcinogen (ethylnitrosourea) instillation into the trachea, and no immunosuppression was detected. After instillation, mice on the POLY and MONO diets were suppressed for T-cell cutaneous responses. Deliberate infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis resulted in suppressed cutaneous T-cell responses in the POLY group of C3B6F1 mice, and aspirin partially reversed the immunosuppression. Mice on the FISH diet were resistant to immunosuppression. It is tentatively concluded that diets rich in w-6 polyunsaturated diets, while not directly immunosuppressive, do predispose animals to suppression of certain T-cell-mediated immune responses. This immunosuppression can be "triggered" by infection and/or by exposure to carcinogens.     

粪菌移植对坏死性小肠结肠炎新生小鼠肠道菌Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响

目的:探讨粪菌移植(FMT)对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)小鼠肠道菌群及Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响.方法:将48只3日龄C57BL/6新生小鼠随机分为4组:对照组、NEC模型组、FMT预防组、FMT治疗组,每组12只.除对照组外,其余三组均采用缺氧+冷刺激+人工喂养方法连续刺激3 d建立NEC模型.对照组幼鼠...