青岛沿海九种海藻的类脂及酚类抗菌活性的研究

利用双碟法和两种有针对性的提取方法，先用索氏提取器乙醚回流１３ｈ提取类脂然后用８３％乙醇提取酚类，研究了青岛沿海常见的９种海藻的抗菌能力，结果表明，９种海藻的所有提取物对枯草杆菌都有明显抑制作用，只有３种提取物对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用，一些用甲苯：甲醇（１：３）提取筛选证明无抑菌能力的海藻也显示具有明显的抑制效果，此外，利用气相色谱法测定了其中６种脂类中脂肪酸的相对含量，但不饱和脂肪酸的含量与抗     

双边栝蒌种子油含量及其脂肪酸的测定

目的：测定双边栝蒌种子油的含量及其脂肪酸组成。方法：用重量法和GC-MS法测定。结果：双边栝蒌种子油含量为31.24%，脂肪酸组成以亚油酸和油酸为主，不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的90.48%,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主。结论：双边栝篓种子油属优质植物油，可作为油脂资源开发利用。     

GC-MS法分析青海省不同产地冬虫夏草中的脂肪酸

目的 分析比较青海省4个地区7个不同产地的11批冬虫夏草中的脂肪酸类成分.方法 采用一步皂化甲酯化法衍生冬虫夏草中的脂肪酸类成分,GC-MS法和对照品对照定性、定量分析脂肪酸的组成和含量.结果 青海省产的冬虫夏草中主要含有C14～C20的13种脂肪酸,其总量为67.376～148.494 mg·g-1;其中,棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸等3种脂肪酸的含量较高,其总含量占13种脂肪酸总量的92.74％～96.23％;同一样品中,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比例为3.08 ～7.71;C18和C16的脂肪酸种类最多、含量最高,C18/C16为3.05～8.18;C18脂肪酸中C18∶1/C18∶2为1.10 ～2.91.结论 青海省不同产地的冬虫夏草样品中13种脂肪酸的组成差异较小,但脂肪酸的含量和比例差异较大.     

海鞘脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成

对烟台渤海湾的柄海鞘和玻璃海鞘的脂肪含量及其脂肪改组成进行了分析，并对其提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明，海鞘中的脂肪以乙醚为溶剂，提取3h较为理想。脂肪总含量，玻璃海鞘为干重的6．16％；柄海鞘的含量为干重的5．02％，其中内囊的含量占10．68％、海鞘皮中的含量为1．14％。气相色谱及色--质谱分析的结果表明，柄海鞘内囊中的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占脂肪酸总量的56．44％，其中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为37．57％，EPA DHA占18．98％；玻璃海鞘中UFA占脂肪酸总量的36．68％，其中PUFA为23．34％，EPA DHA占9．8％。     

广西北海方格星虫脂肪酸的提取及组成分析

目的：比较分析方格星虫不同部位和极性层中的脂肪酸组成和含量。方法：采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定方格星虫(广西北海西村)不同部位和极性层的脂肪酸组成和含量。结果 方格星虫不同部位和极性层的脂肪酸含量和组成有差异,除了体腔液未鉴定出多不饱和脂肪酸和正丁醇层的单不饱和脂肪酸含量偏低以外,饱和脂肪酸都占总各自脂肪酸总量的一半左右,主要由 C14：0、C16：0 和 C18：0 所组成,单不饱和脂肪酸都占各自脂肪酸总量的 21.5-29.8 ％,其中 C18：1n9 和 C20：1n9 为主要成分,多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的相对含量为 21.2-34.6 ％,其中 C20:4n6 的贡献最大,并且还含有一定量的 C20：5n3 (二十碳五烯酸 EPA)。结论 方格星虫体壁和石油醚层的脂肪酸提取率和鉴定出的脂肪酸比例最高,方格星虫脂肪酸不仅种类多样,还有具多种重要活性作用的不饱和脂肪酸。     

超临界流体CO_2萃取使君子仁脂肪油化学成分的研究

目的:分析使君子仁脂肪油含量及其脂肪酸组成。方法:以超临界流体CO2萃取使君子仁脂肪油,采用重量法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分别测定油含量和脂肪酸组成。结果:使君子仁脂肪油含量为27.70％,脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的63.93％,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主。结论:使君子仁脂肪油属优质植物油,分析结果可为其开发利用提供科学依据。     

中药菲牛蛭化学成分的分析

目的定性和定量分析菲牛蛭中的脂肪酸、氨基酸和微量元素成分。方法采用气相色谱/质谱法、高效液相色谱法和电感偶合等离子发射光谱法,对菲牛蛭中的化学成分进行分析。结果菲牛蛭中含有16种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的34.05%。18种氨基酸,其中七种人体必需的氨基酸占所得氨基酸总量的28.16%。测得微量元素8种：Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、V和Zn,其中Ca、Zn和Fe的含量明显高于其他微量元素的含量。结论本文全面报道了菲牛蛭中各种化学成分的含量测定。     

莱菔子脂肪酸成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的研究中药莱菔子提取物的质量控制方法。方法采用超声提取法提取莱菔子种子中的脂肪酸成分,进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱（GC—MS）联用技术分离和鉴定脂肪酸成分的组成和含量。结果从莱菔子中共分离鉴定出7种脂肪酸成分,占总量的99．80％。结论分离鉴定出的7种脂肪酸成分中相对含量较高的有油酸（34．84％）、亚麻酸（26．16％）、芥酸（20．33％）、棕榈酸（11．23％）等脂肪酸。     

长鬃蓼脂肪酸成分研究

目的分析长鬃蓼的脂肪酸含量及其脂肪酸组成。方法以索氏提取法提取长鬃蓼的脂肪油,采用气相色谱-质谱分析鉴定脂肪酸成分。结果鉴定了长鬃蓼的18个脂肪酸成分、2个甾类化合物和植醇,占色谱总出峰面积的82.39%;脂肪酸组成以亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的60.79%。结论长鬃蓼脂肪酸成分主要为不饱和脂肪酸,所含脂肪酸具有很好的药理活性,为开发利用长鬃蓼资源提供了科学依据。     

双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钙凝胶微球的制备及其性质分析

目的制备双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钙凝胶微球，并对凝胶微球的性质进行分析。方法采用滴制法制备双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钙凝胶微球，紫外分光光度法测定药物的含量，对凝胶微球的粒度、圆整度、休止角和堆密度进行测定，并用扫描电镜观察凝胶微球的形态。结果制备的双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钙凝胶微球包封率较高，粉体学性质良好，球形均匀圆整。结论该方法适用于双氯芬酸钠海藻酸钙凝胶微球的制备。     

Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Some Freshwater Green Algae from Pakistan

ABSTRACT

Eleven green algae belonging to the phyla Volvocophyta Chlorophyta, and Charophyta were collected from various freshwater habitats of Sindh (Pakistan) during February 1995 and November 1998 and investigated. Their methanol extracts revealed the presence of D-norandrostane-16-carboxylic acid, β-sitosterol, and trans.-phytol. The unsaturated fatty acids were found in larger proportion (54–94%) than the saturated fatty acids (6–40%). The C15:0 and C16:0 were the most commonly occurring fatty acids, followed by C18:1, C19:1, C15:3, and C17:3 acids. These algae resembled green seaweeds of Pakistan to a great extent in their fatty acid composition. Their methanol extract showed poor antibacterial but a strong antifungal activity. They displayed a significant phytotoxic activity but non-significant cytotoxic, insecticidal, and antitumor activities. Algae belonging to the three phyla exhibited differences in their fatty acid, sterol and terpene compositions as well as in their bioactivities. Species belonging to the same genera revealed specific differences among themselves.     

不同产地裸体方格星虫脂肪酸类成分资源化学评价研究

目的 对裸体方格星虫样品中脂肪酸类成分进行比较研究。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对12个裸体方格星虫样品中的26种脂肪酸进行了含量测定,并进一步对各样品中的各成分的含量进行了主成分分析。结果 对裸体方格星虫样品的测定结果显示各样品26种脂肪酸类成分总含量范围为198.20?578.05 ?g/g,总含量最高的样品是海南三亚的裸体方格星虫体腔液样品（S12）;各产地样品中脂肪酸类成分总含量均呈现体腔液部位高于外壁 内脏部位。测定样品的26种脂肪酸中,不饱和脂肪酸总含量高于饱和脂肪酸总含量;多不饱和脂肪酸中,亚油酸和?-亚麻酸含量最高,分别占总含量的1.54%?5.65%和1.61%?4.94%;单不饱和脂肪酸中顺芥子酸含量最高,分别占各样品总含量的14.66%?46.41%;基于26种脂肪酸的含量测定结果对12个裸体方格星虫样品的PCA分析结果显示不同产地裸体方格星虫的外壁 内脏样品相互接近,体腔液样品差别较大。结论 裸体方格星虫中脂肪酸不仅种类多样、含量丰富,而且具有多种重要活性作用的不饱和脂肪酸比例合理。本研究中对脂肪酸类成分的研究结果将对进一步开发利用裸体方格星虫提供一定的理论基础。     

EFFECTS OF LOW-ZINC STATUS AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID DEFICIENCY ON GROWTH AND LIPID COMPOSITION OF RAT BRAIN

1. Nineteen-day old female weanling rats were maintained on diets deficient in essential fatty acids, low in zinc (6 p.p.m.) or both deficient in essential fatty acids and low in zinc; the weights of their brains were 25.6, 35.0 and 43.2% respectively, less than those of rats on control diets. 2. In essential fatty acid deficiency, the myelin lipids cerebrosides and sphingomyelin were considerably reduced in proportion whereas zinc deficiency had no significant effect on the proportions of the lipids. 3. Essential fatty acid deficiency was also characterized by the appearance of a high proportion of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) and the reduction of arachidonic acid (20:4) and the other essential fatty acids. In zinc deficiency, however, there was an accumulation of arachidonic acid. 4. The low-zinc status aggravated essential fatty acid deficiency causing a higher reduction in the proportion of the myelin lipids and the accumulation of both eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids. 5. It is considered that zinc plays some role in the metabolism of essential fatty acids in brain lipids and the pathological effect of the double deficiency of essential fatty acids and zinc causes a greater impairment to brain development and maturation than either of the single deficiencies.     

蒼耳油中主要不饱和脂肪酸的研究

本文报道了从苍耳油制备亚油酸的一种尿素-锂盐合并的新方法.采用本法,所得亚油酸,收率特高(40%)质量亦好(98.6%).此外,还可回收一部分油酸.重复试验的结果,证明新法较之常用的方法为佳.     

Effects of progesterone metabolites on fatty acids of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum membranes

The effect of 2 selected progesterone metabolites on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of the liver and microsomal function was studied in the female rat. 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone significantly increased microsomal phospholipid content and the total amount of fatty acids esterified to phospholipids parallel with aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. Phospholipid changes were attributable to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were enhanced. In contrast, 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one caused a reduction of microsomal phospholipids, phosphatidycholine, together with decreased aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and total microsomal fatty acid content. Pregnanolone decreased both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and its action on unsaturated acyl components was greater than on the saturated ones. Changes in fatty acids were manifested in palmitic, stearic and lignoceric acids among saturated fatty acids and in palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, eicosaenoic, eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentenoic, docosatrienoic, docosapentenoic and docosahexenoic acids among unsaturated ones. Total liver phospholipids were unaltered by either 16α-hydroxyprogesterone or 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one. These test compounds, however, modified total hepatic fatty acid content. 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone increased total fatty acids and both saturated and unsaturated acyl components, whereas 5β-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one decreased these parameters. Major changes were manifested in saturated fatty acids such as stearic, arachidic and lignoceric acids, and in unsaturated ones such as palmitoleic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic and docosapentenoic acids. The action of these compounds on phospholipid fatty acids of hepatic microsomes may be causally related to their effect on drug-metabolizing activity of the endoplasmic reticulum.     

牵牛子脂肪油超临界CO_2萃取及气相-质谱测定

目的 :提取分析牵牛子脂肪油及其成分。方法 :用超临界CO2 萃取法提取牵牛子脂肪油 ,结合气相 -质谱法分析脂肪油成分。结果 :牵牛子脂肪油含量为34.78% ,脂肪酸组成以亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸为主 ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的88.70% ,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主。结论 :牵牛子脂肪油属优质植物油,分析结果可为开发、利用牵牛子油脂资源提供科学依据     

The effect of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on fatty acid content and composition of phospholipids from rat liver

The administration of phenobarbital or carbon tetrachloride to rats caused various changes in hepatic fatty acid content and composition. Phenobarbital elicited no effect on the total amount of fatty acids but significantly decreased myristic, pentadecanoic, and arachidonic acids and increased eicosatrienoic, eicosapentenoic, lignoceric, and docosatrienoic acid. In contrast, carbon tetrachloride enhanced significantly the total content and several components such as pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, docosapentenoic, lignoceric and docosahexenoic acids. It elicited no effect on arachidonic acid. Unsaturated fatty acid moieties participating in the structure of these phosphatides were increased by phenobarbital and diminished by carbon tetrachloride. Phenobarbital caused a reduction in the ratio of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids mainly because of the decreased palmitic and increased oleic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, docosapentenoic, and docosahexenoic acids. The significant variation brought about by phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on tissue fatty acids and in particular on fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions reflects the opposing effects of these compounds on the liver cell. The major action of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride is associated with changes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, their contrasting effect on fatty acid composition and metabolism may suggest that the disposition of lipid constituents plays a determinant role in the hepatic action of foreign compounds.