盲探气管插管装置在口腔颌面部骨折麻醉中的应用

目的观察盲探气管插管装置在口腔颌面部骨折合并气管插管困难患者中的应用效果。方法选取20例口腔颌面部骨折合并困难气道患者,使用小剂量咪唑安定和芬太尼作静脉注射麻醉后,行环甲膜穿刺作气管内表面麻醉,然后应用盲探气管插管装置经鼻行气管插管,观察其应用效果以及操作过程中血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度的变化。结果 20例张口受限患者应用盲探气管插管装置经鼻插管均获得成功。气管插管操作过程的血压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度无明显变化。术后随访患者无痛苦记忆、喉痛及声嘶等并发症。结论在口腔颌面部骨折合并气管插管困难的患者中应用盲探气管插管装置,成功率高,具有推广价值。     

光棒引导经鼻气管插管术在临床中的应用

目的：探讨慢诱导麻醉下光棒引导经鼻气管内插管术的临床应用。方法：ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级患者40例,择期行口腔颌面外科手术,随机分为两组：光棒引导经鼻气管内插管（A组）与经鼻盲探气管内插管（B组）。比较两组经鼻盲探气管插管的插管时间和插管成功率以及术后患者有无咽喉部疼痛和持续的时间。结果：A组光棒引导插管时间明显短于B组（P〈0．05）,A组一次经鼻气管插管成功率较B组高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,A组术后咽喉部疼痛的发生率和持续时间明显低于B组。结论：光棒引导经鼻气管插管优于传统盲探插管方法,是口腔颌面外科手术慢诱导麻醉下建立安全气道的有效方法之一。     

一次性头部可控气管导管在颈椎骨折手术中的应用

目的评估一次性头部可控气管导管在颈椎骨折手术麻醉经鼻盲探气管插管术中的应用效果。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、拟全麻下行颈椎减压融合术的颈椎骨折患者48例,随机分为一次性头部可控气管导管组（Ⅰ组）和普通气管导管组（Ⅱ组）。患者经鼻盲探气管插管术失败均改用纤支镜下完成经鼻气管插管。记录两组麻醉插管各时间段患者的心率、血压及血氧饱和度、气管插管所需时间和成功率、气管插管相关的不良反应和并发症发生情况。结果两组患者气管插管时的心率、血压值较基础值无显著差异（P〉0.05）,血氧饱和度保持在95%以上。术后随访无不良反应和并发症发生。Ⅰ组28例患者经鼻盲探气管插管术成功率为96.4%,1例失败改用纤支镜下完成经鼻气管插管。气管插管所用的平均时间为（92±12）s。Ⅱ组20例患者经鼻盲探气管插管术成功率为70.0%,6例失败改用纤支镜下完成经鼻气管插管。气管插管所用的平均时间为（121±17）s。结论一次性头部可控气管导管经鼻盲探气管插管术操作简单易行,成功率高,不加重患者脊髓损伤,优于普通气管导管,可广泛应用于颈椎骨折手术麻醉。     

盲探气管插管在困难插管中的应用

全身麻醉通常需要行经口或经鼻气管插管，而其中困难插管的发生率约为2～3％。我院自2001年11月～2004年8月采用上海第九人民医院首创的盲探气管插管装置，为10例气管插管困难的患者行盲探插管，均取得成功，报告如下。     

气管导管充气经鼻盲插用于张口困难手术麻醉

目的观察、探讨口腔颌面部手术患者手术效果和安全性。方法回顾性分析35例采用表面麻醉、环甲膜穿刺注药、静脉点滴少量镇静药物和气管充气改良法，经鼻盲探插管的临床资料。结果一次插管成功25例，二次插管7例，三次插管成功3例，35例插管均成功，成功率100％。结论气管导管充气改良法经鼻盲探插管，对张口困难者插管成功率高，患者痛苦小，效果肯定，围手术期较为安全，值得临床推广应用。     

经鼻盲探气管插管在急救中的应用

目的：观察经鼻盲探气管插管术在抢救急性呼吸衰竭中的作用。方法：针对15例急诊常见的有自主呼吸，预见性插管的患者，采用FOME—CUF一次性低压气囊气管导管经鼻插入，以呼吸机辅助通气。结果：所有案例中，插管后10min内Sa02均回升至0．90以上，为急诊抢救病人生命及进行下一步治疗赢得了宝贵的时间。结论：经鼻盲探气管术在急性呼吸衰竭抢救中取有良好的效果。     

张口受限小儿的麻醉处理20例分析

目的：探讨张口受限小儿麻醉诱导药物、麻醉方法的选择，以及掌握经鼻盲探气管插管要领、拔管指征及术后处理。方法：对合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的患儿采取清醒状态下气管切开后麻醉。其余采用经丁酸钠、氯胺酮、地西泮或芬太尼慢诱导加完善的咽喉表面麻醉下经鼻盲探气管插管。结果：清醒状态下气管切开1例，经鼻盲探气管插管19例，成功17例，失败2例。术后呕吐2例，窒息死亡1例。结论：术前正确评估气道困难的程度，选择适当的麻醉诱导和气管插管方法，加强生命体征监测及术后处理，可保障患儿的生命安全。     

口腔、颌面手术的麻醉体会

目的：观察慢诱导经鼻腔盲探气管插管,碳酸利多卡因表面黏膜麻醉口腔、颌面部外伤的疗效。方法：31例病例均采用慢诱导经鼻腔盲探气管插管,碳酸利多卡因表面黏膜麻醉治疗口腔、颌面部外伤。结果：手术中病人情况稳定．血压、脉搏、血氧饱和度均在正常范围。结论：慢诱导经鼻腔盲探气管插管,碳酸利多卡因表面黏膜麻醉口腔、颌面部外伤的疗效显著,值得在临床上推广应用。     

保留呼吸慢诱导经鼻盲探气管插管在颌面外科手术中的应用

目的探讨保留呼吸慢诱导经鼻盲探插管在颌面外科手术困难气管插管中的应用效果。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行颌面外科手术的患者47例,术前预测评估为困难气道,年龄11～60岁,采用保留呼吸慢诱导方法经鼻盲探气管插管,观察记录插管次数和血流动力学变化。结果47例中30例一次性插管成功,9例经改变头位,旋转导管方向后试插3次进入气管内,8例能置入喉镜者经口明视下将导管插入气管,插管过程中血流动力学稳定,术后患者对插管过程无记忆,未见与插管有关的并发症。结论保留呼吸慢诱导经鼻盲探气管插管用于颌面外科困难气管插管病人,在插管期间患者处于浅睡眠状态,保留自主呼吸,从而解决快速诱导后发生插管困难以及应用肌松药后气道阻塞的危险后果,而且心血管不良反应小,术后无记忆,插管成功率高,是一种安全有效、并发症少的麻醉方法。     

53例困难气管插管的处理

目的：探讨困难气管插管的处理方式。方法：困难气管插管患者53例分为A组清醒插管35例，B组全麻诱导插管18例，分别比较2组插管方式、插管时间及面罩间断吸氧时脉搏血氧饱和度（SPOz）最大平均值。结果：2组插管方式比较，A组、B组经口明视插管分别占37．1％、33．3％，盲探插管分别占62．9％、66．7％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；A组、B组SPO2最大平均值达100％～95％者分别占65．7％、27．7％，94％～90％者分别占17．1％、22．2％，〈90％者分别占17．1％、50％，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；在盲探插管的5种方式中，联合导气管插管和逆行插管平均时间最短，分别是1．6、1．4min。结论：已预测的困难气管插管首选清醒插管，操作过程中确保患者氧合良好，无缺氧损害为首要原则。喉外部压迫为困难气管插管时首选的最快捷、简单的改善喉显露方法，在危急情况下应使用逆行气管插管。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.