重组人白介素-11衍生物对化疗所致血小板减少的疗效和安全性(20例)

目的:观察预防性应用重组人白介素-11(rhIL-11)衍生物治疗化疗所致血小板减少的临床疗效与不良反应。方法:20例恶性肿瘤化疗后出现血小板减少的患者采用自身前后对照研究,对照周期接受化疗后未预防性使用rhIL-11衍生物,试验周期在化疗给药后6～48h内开始预防性应用rhIL-11衍生物,血小板计数300×109/L时停药,或出现血小板下降则使用至血小板计数100×109/L时停药。结果:各例患者使用重组人白介素-11衍生物的实际天数为3～15d,平均为5.2±3.2d,中位天数为4d。试验周期和对照周期血小板计数最低值分别为(57.6±20.6)×109/L和(78.2±29.7)×109/L,血小板减少持续时间分别为8.5±6.3d和5.7±6.3d。与对照周期相比,试验周期(化疗+rhIL-11衍生物)血小板最低值升高(P=0.00)、血小板计数<100×109/L持续时间缩短(P=0.03)。不良反应较轻(以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主),停药后能自行缓解,对患者凝血功能无影响。结论:rhIL-11衍生物对恶性肿瘤化疗所致血小板下降有确切的防治作用,且毒副作用耐受可逆、安全性良好。     

肝素诱导血小板减少症2例

例1为24岁男性患者,因急性心肌梗死,给予阿司匹林300mg、氯吡格雷300mg口服和普通肝素10000U静脉推注,并行冠状动脉造影、经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架植入术。患者术前血小板计数为228.0×10⁹/L,术后1h降至36.2×10⁹/L。考虑为肝素诱导的血小板减少,遂停用肝素,给予阿加曲班0.5～2μg·kg^-1·min^-1静脉滴注。第3天患者血小板升至101×10⁹/L,第4天恢复正常。例2为69岁男性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者,在冠状动脉造影术中静脉推注普通肝素3000U。之后,行冠状动脉搭桥术,术前连续7d给予低分子肝素(1mg·kg^-1·12h^-1)皮下注射,术中给予普通肝素7000U静脉滴注。术前患者血小板计数197.0×10⁹/L,术后降至19.2×10⁹/L。停用肝素,给予阿加曲班0.5～1.5μg·kg^-1·min^-1静脉滴注,血小板计数升至146.0×10⁹/L。     

利奈唑胺相关新生儿血小板减少4例

4例早产极低体重儿(1对女性双胞胎,胎龄31周;1对男性双胞胎,胎龄29周)于出生后22～31 d应用利奈唑胺10 mg/kg、1次/8 h静脉泵入抗感染治疗。其中例1、2为单独用药,例3同时联用利奈唑胺、美罗培南及两性霉素B脂质体,例4同时联用利奈唑胺和两性霉素B脂质体。分别于用药后4、16、8和10 d出现血小板计数下降,最低分别为27×10~9/L、74×10~9/L、23×10~9/L、4×10~9/L。停用利奈唑胺并给予对症治疗,6～17 d后血小板计数恢复正常。     

肝素诱导血小板减少症

1例57岁男性患者因行溶栓术,给予尿激酶200 000 U,1次/6 h泵入;肝素钠12 500 U入0.9%氯化钠注射液50 ml进行24 h微量泵泵入。溶栓治疗当日血小板计数为126×109/L,第3天为99×109/L,第4天降至65×109/L。考虑为肝素诱导血小板减少症,停用肝素钠,改为阿加曲班抗凝,并继续应用尿激酶行第2次溶栓术。停用肝素钠后血小板计数即回升,第2、4天分别为93×109/L、113×109/L,第5天恢复到术前水平。     

中药鹿血晶治疗化疗后血小板减少症的临床观察

目的:观察中药饮片鹿血晶治疗化疗后血小板减少症的疗效及安全性。方法:选择有明确病理学诊断的晚期恶性肿瘤化疗患者,化疗后血小板计数>3×109个/L且<8×109个/L时,给予鹿血晶口服1 g,bid,连服6 d。结果:服药6 d后,观察的患者血小板计数均较服药前升高,8例患者升高至8×109个/L以上。结论:中药饮片鹿血晶可迅速升高化疗后患者血小板计数且安全无不良反应。     

米氮平致血小板减少性紫癜1例

1例32岁女性抑郁症患者应用米氮平8天后双下肢大腿内侧出现多处红紫色片状斑块,急查血小板计数减少（87×10^9/L）,诊断为米氮平引起的血小板减少性紫癜,停药10天后瘀斑消失,复查血小板恢复正常（210×10^9/L）。     

Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case proven with rechallenge

In a rare case of vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia, a 50-year-old man with culture-negative subacute bacterial endocarditis underwent mitral valve replacement surgery and was treated with vancomycin. His platelet count dropped from 346 x 10(3)/mm3 to 13 x 10(3)/mm3 on postoperative day 4, and a differential diagnosis of heparin- versus drug-induced thrombocytopenia was considered. Antiheparin antibodies were detected in the patient's serum on day 5. He showed no signs of bleeding. His platelet count remained below 5 x 10(3)/mm3 despite two platelet transfusions on day 5. A hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with tamponade developed, requiring drainage. A trial with intravenous immunoglobulin led to fever and chills, and the infusion was not completed. Vancomycin was changed to clindamycin on day 9, and methylprednisolone therapy was started on day 11. On day 12, the patient's clinical condition improved, and his platelet count increased from 3 x 10(3)/mm3 to 32 x 10(3)/mm3 with no bleeding. On day 18, his platelet count was 424 x 10(3)/mm3, and he was scheduled for discharge with vancomycin therapy for a total of 6 weeks. He received a single dose of intravenous vancomycin 1 g at the hospital; his platelet count dropped to 160 x 10(3)/mm3 1 hour after the infusion and to 58 x 10(3)/mm3 12 hours later. Vancomycin was discontinued and clindamycin and prednisone were restarted. On day 20, the patient's platelet count increased to 105 x 10(3)/mm3 and he was discharged with warfarin, prednisone, and clindamycin therapy. We suspect that our patient's thrombocytopenia was due to vancomycin.     

rhIL-11治疗急性髓系白血病化疗后血小板减少的疗效评价

目的观察并评估急性髓系白血病(AML)化疗后血小板减少患者应用重组人白细胞介素11(rhIL-11)的疗效和不良反应。方法将45例急性髓系白血病化疗后血小板减少患者随机分为实验组及对照组,实验组在化疗后24h开始使用rhIL-11,按30μg/(kg d)的剂量皮下注射,直至血小板恢复至≥100×109/L后停用,对照组在化疗后则不用rhIL-11治疗。结果实验组与对照组化疗前血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),化疗后实验组的血小板计数明显高于对照组(P<0.05),低血小板持续时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05),输注血小板量及次数较对照组减少(P<0.05)。实验组注射rhIL-11后不良反应均可耐受,不适症状在停药后逐渐消失。结论应用rhIL-11治疗急性髓系白血病化疗后血小板减少,不仅能明显提高化疗后患者的血小板数目,缩短血小板的恢复时间,而且不良反应轻微。     

Thrombocytopenia associated with intravenous ciprofloxacin

A variety of disease states, disorders, hereditary conditions, environmental toxins, and drugs may cause thrombocytopenia. Fluoroquinolones, however, are not thought to be common offenders. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who was receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection and developed thrombocytopenia during her hospital stay. Her platelet count dropped from 147 x 10(3)/mm3 on admission to as low as 21 x 10(3)/mm3 . On discontinuation of the drug, her platelet counts began to return to normal. After discharge, the patient continued to improve clinically. Four days after discharge, her platelet count was 197 x 10(3)/mm3 . In the primary literature, we found two case reports on thrombocytopenia associated with ciprofloxacin and one case report with alatrofloxacin. In addition, six additional case reports were found in non-English journals that describe fluoroquinolone-associated thrombocytopenia. Clinicians should be aware of the possible relationship between thrombocytopenia and fluoroquinolones, and platelet counts should monitored accordingly.     

重组人血小板生成素与白介素-11治疗白血病化疗后血小板减少症临床疗效

目的 以重组白介素-11为对照,探讨重组入血小板生成素治疗白血病化疗后血小板减少的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选择2012年8月至2014年10月在本院接受白血病化疗的60例患者作为研究对象,随机分为研究组(重组人血小板生成素)和对照组(重组白介素-11),观察外周血小板动态变化.结果 两组化疗4d时对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);化疗12 d时研究组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);至化疗24 d时两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组PLT＜30×109/L持续时间、恢复至75×109./L或125×109/L时间均短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 相比白介素-11,化疗后辅助重组人血小板生成素治疗更利于减少血小板下降幅度及持续时间,且副作用小,安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

左乙拉西坦相关血小板减少

左乙拉西坦(LEV)引起的血液系统不良反应包括白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少及全血细胞减少,发生率为0.01%～0.13%。LEV相关血小板减少出现或加重的时间最短为用药后3 d,最长则可达到用药后60 d,同时还可伴有血红蛋白减少,或出现全血细胞减少。不良反应严重者血小板计数可降至1×109/L以下。除实验室检查发现的血小板计数减少外,临床还可出现黏膜出血、皮肤瘀斑、血尿等症状。LEV相关血小板减少的机制尚不清楚,骨髓抑制、免疫复合物形成、非免疫性直接破坏都有可能是LEV致血小板减少的机制。临床应用LEV后应密切观察相关症状和体征,定期检查血常规。一旦出现与血小板减少相关症状应及时停药,症状较轻者停药1周后可自行恢复,较重者可输注血小板,有严重出血症状者可短期给予糖皮质激素治疗。     

那屈肝素钙相关血小板减少

1例行右侧膝关节置换术的74岁女性患者,术后预防性应用那屈肝素钙6150 U皮下注射,1次/d。术后第3天,患者右侧腰部、右髋关节处出现瘀斑。血常规检查示血小板计数49×109/L,血红蛋白81 g/L。给予患者输注浓缩红细胞400 ml,但瘀斑范围扩大至对侧腰部及背部。术后第5天考虑那屈肝素钙与血小板减少有关,遂停用。术后第8天,瘀斑颜色转淡,血小板计数88×109/L。第10天,患者出院,出院时血小板计数为123×109/L。     

恶性肿瘤GP方案化疗中外周血网织血小板变化的临床研究

目的：探讨外周血网织血小板在接受吉西他滨联合方案化疗的恶性肿瘤中对骨髓恢复的预测作用。方法2009年1月-2013年12月中山市人民医院接受吉西他滨联合方案化疗的恶性肿瘤患者38例,检测化疗前、化疗后每3天的血小板计数及网织血小板计数。结果38例患者中,相对于骨髓抑制期,骨髓恢复期的网织血小板升高,差异有统计学意义[（8.40±3.95）×10^9/L vs （5.77±3.58）×10^9/L,t=3.04,P=0.003],而血小板差异无统计学意义[（51.34±11.20）×10^9/L vs （46.71±10.58）×10^9/L,t=1.85,P=0.068]。结论在接受吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗的实体瘤中,外周血网织血小板比血小板能更有效预测骨髓巨核细胞系的恢复变化。     

Linezolid-Induced anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Linezolid, a fluorinated oxazolidinone, is the first of a new class of antimicrobials designed to target resistant gram-positive cocci. Hematologic adverse effects, including reversible thrombocytopenia, were reported during phase III comparator-controlled trials. A 66-year-old man developed sternal osteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia developed after several surgical debridements and courses of vancomycin failed to improve the patient's condition. Oral linezolid 600 mg twice/day was begun; 17 days later, a complete blood count revealed that his hematocrit had decreased from 37.4% to 24.8%, and his platelet count had decreased from 234 x 10(3)/mm3 to 149 x 10(3)/mm3. Both values returned to normal after linezolid was discontinued. Complete blood counts should be monitored closely in patients taking linezolid, especially if therapy continues for more than 14 days.     

Frequency of thrombocytopenia in psoriasis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-a inhibitors

Tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) inhibitors are biologic agents that are currently in wide use for the treatment of psoriasis as well as other inflammatory diseases. Following reports of thrombocytopenia as a potential adverse effect of anti-TNF-? therapy, we performed a retrospective study to determine the frequency of thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count <50x109 cells/L, in a cohort of 187 psoriatic patients treated with anti-TNF-? agents over a nine-year period. Although none of our patients met serologic criteria for thrombocytopenia or displayed clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia, two patients developed platelet counts below 100×109 cells/L. Thrombocytopenia induced by anti-TNF-? agents is a potential adverse effect, it is a rare occurrence that will require further investigation in large, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective studies.     

重组人血小板生成素治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症的临床观察

目的:观察重组人血小板生成素(rhTPO)治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症的疗效及安全性。方法:30例难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症患者皮下注射rhTPO 300U.kg-1.d-1,疗程≤14 d,至血小板计数升至≥100×109个/L。治疗期间注意动态监测用药后的血小板计数、肝肾功能及凝血时间。结果:30例患者用药前血小板计数为(14.17±6.74)×109个/L,用药后第14天为(132.03±70.37)×109个/L,治疗前、后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。另外,30例患者中完全反应23例,有效6例。仅2例患者出现轻度嗜睡及头晕,但均能耐受,且停药后消失;其余患者未见明显不良反应发生。结论:rhTPO治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症疗效显著,不良反应轻微。     

Possible acute thrombocytopenia post esomeprazole and hydantoin coadministration

Thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count less than 150 000/μL, occurs as a result of decreased production, sequestration, or peripheral destruction. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a clinically important adverse drug event involving many drugs including hydantoins. This report details an acute reaction of thrombocytopenia in a 55-year-old, critically ill, African American male patient after receiving a loading dose of fosphenytoin and a subsequent dose of IV phenytoin. The patient presented with an intracranial hemorrhage with hematoma and a blood pressure of 204/143?mm Hg. A fosphenytoin load infused for seizure prophylaxis and the first dose of a phenytoin maintenance regimen were followed by episodes of hypotension. In response to the hypotension, phenytoin was discontinued. On hospital day 2, the patient's platelet count had dropped dramatically from the morning before, 150 000 to 28 000/μL. The platelet count subsequently returned to baseline within 7 days of phenytoin discontinuation. The proposed cause of phenytoin-induced blood dyscrasias is direct or hapten-mediated toxicity by an arene oxide intermediate metabolite. Most documented cases of thrombocytopenia occur after a week or longer of phenytoin administration with the coadministration of glucocorticoids and cimetidine or proton pump inhibitors. An immediate decrease in platelets as seen in this case has not been previously described in the literature. Such a rapid induction of thrombocytopenia from phenytoin is suggestive of a direct cytotoxic effect on circulating platelets.     

住院患者使用利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症的危险因素分析

目的 研究住院患者使用利奈唑胺致血小板减少的发生率及危险因素.方法 采用回顾性横断面研究,以解放军总医院2011年1月至2011年5月间使用利奈唑胺的住院患者为研究对象,通过医院信息系统记录患者一般资料、病生理情况、用药情况并动态监测血小板计数变化.定义血小板减少症为低于正常值下限(即血小板计数＜100×109/L),并根据排除标准控制混杂因素,对纳入病例使用利奈唑胺致血小板减少症的观察指标进行逐步逻辑回归筛选危险因素,并绘制ROC曲线预测发生特征.结果 获得用药病例345例,按入排标准纳入有效病例208例,其中男性129(62.02％)例,女性79( 37.98％)例,平均年龄为62.67±18.66(16～ 98)a,用药时间平均为9.68±6.07(3～39)天.使用利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症的有59例(28.37％),发生血小板低于正常值或基础值的25％的有106例(50.96％),其中有20人(9.62％)发生了Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度血小板下降,需要输血或输注血小板.单因素分析显示年龄、肌酐清除率、基础血小板值、总胆红素、血清白蛋白对血小板减少症的影响具有统计学意义,逐步逻辑回归多因素分析显示基础血小板值和年龄与血小板减少症密切相关.绘制血ROC曲线Youden指数最大时(0.3855),曲线下面积为0.739时,对应切点的敏感度为62.71％,特异度为75.84％.结论 基础血小板值、年龄是利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症的独立危险因素,对基础血小板值≤204×109/L、年龄≥82岁的患者,容易发生明显血小板减少症甚至出血风险,应加强血常规监测频率.低肌酐清除率、低血清白蛋白水平也是发生血小板减少的重要危险因素,提示利奈唑胺致相关性血小板减少症呈浓度依赖性,并与免疫机制相关.此外,可尝试使用ROC曲线筛选预测利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少的风险特征,并在易感人群中调整合适剂量以兼顾有效性和安全性.     

依诺肝素钠诱导血小板减少症

1例63岁男性患者行二尖瓣和主动脉瓣置换术,术后第1天开始给予依诺肝素钠抗凝治疗（4000 U,2次/d皮下注射）。术前及术后第1天血小板计数均正常。术后第2天血小板计数为41×10^9/L,给予重组人白细胞介素11皮下注射（1.5 mg/次,1次/d）。术后第3天血小板计数为22×10^9/L,遂停用依诺肝素钠。术后第4、5天血小板计数分别为45×109/L、59×10^9/L。第6天复查,血小板计数为128×10^9/L。     

左氧氟沙星致血小板减少症

1例74岁男性患者,因胸腔积液和慢性阻塞性肺疾病给予左氧氟沙星0.3 g,1次/d静脉滴注,贞芪扶正胶囊6粒,2次/d口服。用药前血小板计数108×109/L,用药13 d时降为10×109/L,14 d降至7×109/L。立即停用左氧氟沙星和贞芪扶正胶囊,改为头孢美唑钠2.0 g、2次/d静脉滴注,小牛脾提取物10 ml、1次/d静脉滴注,盐酸小檗胺112 mg、3次/d口服,并连续3 d输注血小板。治疗12 d后患者血小板水平恢复至105×109/L。