Survival patterns in patients with carcinoma base of tongue treated with external beam irradiation and salvage surgery

Objective

The current study was designed to assess the treatment results and survival in the patients with carcinoma of base of tongue that were treated with primary radiotherapy, radiotherapy with chemotherapy and salvage surgery when indicated.

Design

A prospective study was carried out in 78 cases of carcinoma of the base of tongue between 1995 and 1999.

Methods

The majority of cases belonged to stage IV 60/78 (76.92%) as per AJCC staging. Radiotherapy in the dose of 60 Gy was given primarily to the patients with stage III tongue base cancer. Patients with early stage IV cancer were given split course radiotherapy followed by assessment for surgery. For the patients with advanced stage IV disease with poor general condition, palliative radiotherapy of 24 Gy with or without palliative chemotherapy was given. 15 patients were subjected to salvage surgery in the form of radical neck dissection alone (8 cases), extended total laryngectomy with neck dissection (3 cases), extended total laryngectomy (2 cases) and extended supraglottic laryngectomy with RND in 2 cases.

Results

Two and 5 years Kaplan — Meier actuarial survival rates were 45% and 10% respectively with local control rates equivalent to survival rates. All surviving patients maintained good function and quality-of-life with few tolerable side effects.

Conclusions

External beam radiotherapy with salvage surgery results in satisfactory local and regional control in stage III and IV carcinoma base of tongue.     

Neck node metastasis after successful brachytherapy for early stage tongue carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The accuracy of factors for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage (stage I and II) mobile tongue carcinoma and prognostic factors associated with the clinical and pathological findings of lymph node metastasis were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1971 and 1998, 616 patients with early stage mobile tongue carcinoma were treated by brachytherapy with or without external irradiation. Neck lymph node metastasis occurred in a total of 237 cases, and 191 of them were not associated with primary failure. Neck dissection was performed in 169 of these 191 cases, and 16 cases were treated by radiotherapy. A pathological analysis was possible in 159 of the 169 neck dissection cases. RESULTS: There were 88 tongue cancer recurrences, and the incidence of neck metastasis was 38% (191/528) in the cases of primary controlled early tongue carcinoma, and 25% (38/151) and 41% (153/377), in stage-I and -II carcinoma, respectively. Neck metastasis was diagnosed within 12 months in 80% of cases, and within 24 months in 95%. Macroscopic appearance, tumor thickness and tumor length were identified as significant risk factors by a univariate analysis, but macroscopic appearance was the only significant risk factor identified by a multivariate analysis (P<0.001). The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 62% among the invasive/ulcerative type tongue carcinomas, and was lower among the superficial type and exophytic/nodular type (20 and 35%, respectively). Regional and/or distant failure occurred in 75 of the 169 neck dissection cases (44%). The incidence of regional/distant failure was extremely high (49/68=72%) in the extra-nodal invasion group, and extra-nodal invasion was found even in small metastatic node less than 1 cm in length (20%). CONCLUSIONS: The macroscopic appearance of the primary tongue carcinoma has a major impact on the incidence of lymph node metastasis in patients with early tongue cancer, and extra-nodal invasion was the dominant risk factor for regional and distant failure. Treatment policy for clinically negative neck metastasis in early tongue cancer patients should be determined after considering the possibility of neck metastases and the morbidity associated with elective neck dissection.     

Retrospective study on cancer of the base of the tongue

From Feb. 1962 to Feb. 1982, 54 patients with cancer of the base of tongue were treated in our hospital. There were 44 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 adeno-cystic carcinomas. 46 patients were treated by radiotherapy only, 6 by surgery plus radiotherapy, 1 by surgery and 1 by chemotherapy alone. The 5 year survival rate was 27.1%. The result indicates that radiotherapy alone is poor. The author suggests that for cancer of the base of tongue, a combination of radiotherapy and surgery be used and prospective randomized study be carried out. The defect can be repaired using skin or myocutaneous flaps. In extensive lesions, glossectomy plus laryngectomy should be considered. For the healthy and young patients, the lesions of the base of tongue together with a part of the larynx should be extirpated but for the older man, selective glossectomy is advised.     

Is glossectomy necessary for late nodal metastases without clinical local recurrence after initial brachytherapy for N0 tongue cancer? A retrospective experience in 111 patients who received salvage therapy for cervical failure

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of neck dissection (ND) without glossectomy (GL) for late nodal metastases without local recurrence after brachytherapy for N0 tongue cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 396 patients with N0 tongue cancer treated with brachytherapy, a retrospective analysis was performed in 111 patients who were clinically diagnosed as having nodal metastases without local recurrence and whose neck lymph nodes turned out to be pathologically positive after salvage surgery. One hundred and five patients had undergone only ND (the ND group), six patients had undergone ND with GL (the ND+GL group). RESULTS: The 5 year disease-free and cause-specific survival rates after salvage therapy for the 111 patients included in this study were 58.1 and 61.9%, respectively. In the ND group, there were only nine patients who had local recurrence after ND. In addition, only six patients (5.7%) had a local recurrence within 2 years in the ND group. Sixty-three patients were free of disease after ND, 31 patients had regional or distant metastases without local recurrence and two patients had progressive disease at ND. In the ND+GL group, four patients were alive without disease and two died from regional or distant metastases. None of the patients in the ND+GL group were found to have malignant tissue in the pathological findings from the excised tongue. CONCLUSION: GL should be avoided or suspended when the clinical evaluation had revealed cervical failure without apparent local recurrence in the mobile tongue cancer patients after initial brachytherapy.     

Tongue cancer treatment and oncological outcomes: The role of glossectomy classification

BackgroundNowadays surgery remains the gold standard of treatment for tongue cancer. Via a more clear and precise terminology, the glossectomy classification by Ansarin et al. facilitates shared communication between surgeons, allowing comparison between published research and improving surgical practice and patient care. To establish the association of glossectomies, according to their classification by Ansarin et al. with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DSF), and cause-specific survival (CSS) in tongue cancer, we conducted a systemic retrospective study on 300 consecutive patients affected by primary oral tongue cancer and treated with surgery at the European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS (IEO).MethodsThree hundred patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma and treated at the Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS were cataloged according to the glossectomy classification. OS, DFS, and CSS were compared by surgical treatments.ResultsOS-5yrs was 80% for the type I glossectomy group, 75% for type II, 65% for type III, and 35% for type IV-V. DFS-5yrs was 74%, 60%, 55%, and 27%, respectively for I, II, III, and IV-V glossectomy group; CSS-5yrs was 82%, 80%, 72%, and 48%, respectively for I, II, III, and IV-V glossectomy group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the application of the glossectomy classification was statistically correlated with patients' oncological outcomes.     

Retrospective analysis of results of treatment of 91 oral cavity cancers from 1982 to 1992]

PURPOSE: To analyse retrospectively the results of different treatment regimens of carcinomas of the floor of the mouth and tongue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1982 and 1992, 61 patients with carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and 30 with tongue cancer (25 stage I, nine stage II, 28 stage III, 29 stage IV) were treated in the radiotherapy department of Poitiers. Nine patients with stage I tumours were treated with 70 Gy low-dose rate brachytherapy only, without nodal dissection. Stages II and III were treated with combined surgery with neck dissection; and radiotherapy of stage II with nodal metastasis and for all stage III cases. Stage IV cases were treated either surgically if possible, or with combined chemotherapy and radiation. RESULTS: The five-year overall survival rate was 87.3% for stage I, 68.5% for stage II, 45.3% for stage III, and 0% for stage IV patients. Most relapses appeared in the first two years after treatment. Eight patients (32%) with stage I cancer developed nodal relapses, isolated in five cases. Complications of radiotherapy were acceptable. Four cases of osteonecrosis were observed after radiotherapy. All of these appeared simultaneously with a local relapse. CONCLUSION: These results are comparable with reports in the literature. The remarkable observation of our study is the high incidence of nodal recurrences after local treatment of stage I tumours. Therefore, local treatment is insufficient for early-stage tumours. The question of neck dissection for the early stage is discussed.     

舌体鳞癌颈淋巴结转移的规律和治疗策略

背景与目的:目前,对临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0)的舌癌病例是否需行颈淋巴清扫术治疗仍存争议。本研究目的在于探讨舌体鳞癌的颈部淋巴结转移规律和分区性颈淋巴结清扫术应用于cN0舌癌病例的理论依据和应用原则。方法:回顾性分析1991年至1997年214例手术治疗的舌体鳞癌患者的临床资料;分析cN0pN+(病理检查淋巴结阳性)病例和cN+pN+病例的颈部转移淋巴结分布规律;比较不同分组的远期疗效;Cox回归分析法筛选影响舌体鳞癌患者预后的因素。结果:pN+病例69例,颈淋巴结转移率32.2%,其中同侧Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区各占22.3%、33.5%、22.3%、4.6%、1.0%;对侧Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区各占6.6%、3.6%、3.0%、2.0%、0.5%。pN+组和pN0组5年生存率各为47%、83%(P<0.001);Cox回归分析显示影响舌体鳞癌患者预后的独立因素为T分期、N分期。结论:舌体鳞癌淋巴结转移最常见于同侧颈部Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区;分区性颈淋巴结清扫术对cN0病例既可起治疗的作用,又可用于评价颈部淋巴结转移状况以决定是否行全颈淋巴结清扫术。     

The problem of neck relapse in early stage supraglottic cancer--results of different treatment modalities for the clinically negative neck

We reviewed the records of patients with Stage I and II epidermoid carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, and at the Rotterdam Radio-Therapeutic Institute (RRTI), The Netherlands, between 1965 and 1979. At the MSKCC the treatment modality of choice for the primary tumor as well as for the neck had been surgery; of the 79 patients treated by surgery an elective neck dissection was performed on 31 patients. At the RRTI, however, the initial treatment for the primary tumor and the neck is radiation therapy. One-hundred and one patients were treated of whom 79% (80/101) had radiation therapy to the primary tumor as well as to both sides of the neck. This paper focuses on the problem of relapse in the neck, thus comparing patients treated in two large cancer centers by different treatment philosophies, that is elective neck dissection on one side of the neck versus elective radiation therapy to both sides of the neck. Twenty-nine percent of the patients from MSKCC (23/79) relapsed in the neck. The relapse rate was identical between the patients who did not have an elective radical neck dissection, and those who did. Among the patients who relapsed in the neck 65% (15/23) have died of the cancer, while among those who did not, none has died of supraglottic larynx cancer. Twenty-three percent (23/101) of the patients of the RRTI relapsed in the neck. Those who received radiation therapy to the primary tumor only relapsed regionally in 38% (8/21); treatment of both sides of the neck reduced the incidence of nodal recurrence to 19% (15/80). The majority of patients who relapsed in the neck eventually died of the cancer, that is 57% (13/23). Data from both institutions once again demonstrate the impact on survival of a relapse in the neck. Best strategies for decreasing the relapse rate in the neck are discussed; the conclusion was reached that, so far, elective radiation to both sides of the neck is the preferable treatment.     

临床N0期舌癌颈淋巴结转移相关因素及其外科处理

目的 探讨舌癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移规律和相关影响因素,以及不同颈淋巴清扫术式对舌癌 的预后影响,为cN0期舌癌患者颈淋巴清扫术术式的选择提供理论依据。方法 收集2002年1月至2010 年8月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院头颈外科初治的cN0期舌癌住院患者87例。通过单因素分析隐匿性 颈淋巴结转移与年龄、性别、术前疾病持续时间、原发灶浸润深度、T分期、病理分级的相关性,多 因素分析cN0期舌癌患者的预后影响因素,探讨舌鳞癌颈部转移规律及外科处理方式。结果 单因素 统计分析显示：性别、年龄、术前疾病持续时间对cN0期舌癌患者隐匿性颈淋巴结转移的影响差异无 统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而原发灶浸润深度、T分期、病理分级等因素对颈淋巴结转移的影响差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Cox风险比例模型分析显示：只有T分期是舌癌cN0期患者的独立预 后因素,不同颈淋巴清扫术对其预后的影响差异无统计学意义。颈择区性淋巴清扫术对肩部的影响更 小（P＜0.05）。结论 原发灶浸润 深度、T分期、病理分级与cN0期舌 癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转移有关,可以作 为预测cN0期舌癌隐匿性颈淋巴结转 移的指标;cN0期舌癌具有较高的隐 匿性颈部淋巴结转移率,以同侧颈部 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区最为常见,主张行颈择 区淋巴清扫术。     

Elective Neck Dissection for Management of Early-stage Oral Tongue Cancer

Background: The occult neck metastasis rate is very high with tongue cancers. The aim of this study was to assessthe current role of elective neck dissection (END) in management of early-stage oral tongue cancer with a focus onlymph node metastasis. In addition, effects of END on regional or systemic disease recurrence and survival wereinvestigated. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with stage I and II tongue cancer recruited fromour National Cancer Institute (NCI) over a time period of six years (2007-2013). The collected data were analyzed fordisease free survival (DFS) and recurrence rate. Results: A total of 144 patients presented to our NCI with oral tonguecancer but only 88 were staged clinically and radiologically as early stage (stage I, stage II). Some 53% were smokers.Most lesions were dealt with by surgery, either by wide local excision (22%) or hemiglossectomy (78%). Treatment ofneck lesions was either by neck dissection (85.2%) or “wait and see” (14.8%). The rates for local and nodal recurrencewere 7.9% and 20.4%, respectively. Analysis of associations between DFS and different factors revealed significancefor adoption of adjuvant therapy and the dissected lymph node status. Conclusion: Controversy still exists regardingneck management.     

Is radiation therapy a preferred alternative to surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue?

PURPOSE: To evaluate irradiation alone for treatment of base-of-tongue cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred seventeen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue were treated with radiation alone and had follow-up for >/= 2 years. RESULTS: Local control rates at 5 years were as follows: T1, 96%; T2, 91%; T3, 81%; and T4, 38%. Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage (P =.0001) and overall treatment time (P =.0006) significantly influenced local control. The 5-year rates of local-regional control were as follows: I, 100%; II, 100%; III, 83%; IVA, 64%; and IVB, 65%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the following parameters significantly affect the probability of this end point: T stage (P =.0001), overall treatment time (P =.0001), overall stage (P =.0131), and addition of a neck dissection (P =.0021). The rates of absolute and cause-specific survival at 5 years were as follows: I, 50% and 100%; II, 81% and 100%; III, 65% and 76%; IVA, 42% and 56%; and IVB, 44% and 52%. Severe radiation complications developed in eight patients (4%). CONCLUSION: The likelihood of cure after external-beam irradiation was related to stage, overall treatment time, and addition of a planned neck dissection. The local-regional control rates and survival rates after radiation therapy were comparable to those after surgery, and the morbidity associated with irradiation was less.     

Role of neck surgery in conjunction with radiation in regional control of node-positive cancer of the oropharynx

For patients with clinically node-positive oropharynx cancer treated with radiotherapy, planned neck dissection is controversial. We investigated whether neck surgery after radiation reduces nodal recurrence. Between 1970 and 1995, 263 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital received radiotherapy for clinically node-positive base of tongue or tonsil carcinomas. Patients received three different types of treatment: neck surgery followed by radiation (SR)-50 patients; radiation alone (RT)-160 patients; and radiation followed by surgery (RS)-53 patients. Median patient follow-up was 28 months. SR patients have an 84% complete response (CR) rate, RT patients 76%, and RS patients 13%. In multivariate analysis, among patients with a CR, the three treatment groups have the same regional control rates. Among patients with an incomplete response, the RS treatment group is 67% (p < 0.01) and 86% (p < 0.01) less likely to have recurrence than the RT and SR groups, respectively. Neck dissection after radiation therapy improves regional control for patients without a complete clinical response to radiation therapy but not for those with a CR. Despite higher CR rates, neck dissection before radiation confers no regional control benefit. We therefore recommend that primary radiotherapy with neck dissection be reserved for those without a complete clinical response.     

Elective treatment of the neck in cancer of the oral tongue

Management of the clinically negative neck in patients with carcinoma of the oral tongue remains a complex and controversial subject. While statistical proof of the value of elective neck dissection in tongue cancer remains elusive, the high incidence of occult cervical metastases, even with small primary tumors, and the poor salvage rates and increased incidence of extracapsular spread in cases that have developed palpable adenopathy, provide a logical basis for treatment of the neck in a preclinical stage.     

Occult cervical metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue among CN0 patients and its treatment

Objective： To explore the treatment of clinically negative neck （CN0） patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods： 165 CN0 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from 1985 to 2002 were investigated retrospectively. Parts of the patients staged at T1, T2 and T3 underwent resection of primary lesion followed by neck observation, and other patients staged above T2 or at T1 but without follow-up were treated with elective neck dissection （END）. All patients were followed up for more than 3 y or until their death. Results： Lymphatic metastasis was identified histologically after operation in 33 of 120 patients treated with END, and 9 of 45 patients treated with resection of primary lesion alone. The overall rate of occult lymphatic metastasis was 25.45%, which increased with the elevating of clinical T stage. The overall rate of neck uncontrolled death was 20.00% for observation group and 5.00% for END group, and significant difference was found between them （P〈0.05）. For T~ patients in the two groups, the rate of neck uncontrolled death was 7.71% and 4.00% respectively, and no significance was found between them （P〉0.05）. When stage T2 and T3 were considered as middle stage together, significant difference （P〈0.05） could be obtained between observation （70.00%） and END group （0%）. Conclusion： The occult metastasis rate of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue increases with the elevating of clinical stage, and elective neck dissection could be considered for NO patients staged over T2 to improve neck control and survival rate; and regional resection alone of primary lesion could be considered for T1N0 patients to improve quality of life if closely followed up is conducted.     

舌体鳞癌颈淋巴结阴性患者的颈部治疗策略

目的探讨舌体鳞癌N0患者颈部淋巴结治疗方法,以减少临床上的失误或过度治疗.方法对1985至2002年间165例舌体鳞癌N0患者进行回顾性研究.对部分T1、T2及T3期患者切除原发灶,进行颈部观察;其余T2期以上患者或无法随访的T1期者采取选择性颈淋巴清扫,全部病例术后随访3年以上.各组间的比较采用χ2检验.结果 120例行选择性颈淋巴清扫术(END),33例术后病理证实淋巴结转移,45例单纯原发灶切除病例中9例出现颈淋巴转移.淋巴结隐匿性总转移率为25.5%,并随临床T分期的增高而增高.观察组总体颈部失控死亡率(20.0%)与END组(5.0%)相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05).T1期观察组和END组的颈部失控死亡率分别为7.7%和4.0%,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);而将T2、T3期作为中期病变合并,观察组(70.0%)和END组(0)差异有显著性(P<0.001).结论舌体鳞癌颈部隐匿性淋巴结转移率随临床T分期的增高而增高,对T2期以上N0舌体鳞癌患者应考虑行选择性颈清扫术,以提高其颈部控制率和生存率;对T1N0患者,如能够严密随访,可考虑单纯局部切除原发灶,以提高生存质量.     

Pattern of Lymphatic Metastasis in Relation to the Depth of Tumor in Oral Tongue Cancers: A Clinico Pathological Correlation

Carcinoma of tongue is one of the most notorious cancers of oral cavity. Multivariate analysis have shown that the parameter with greatest influence on survival is tumor thickness especially in carcinoma tongue. To study the pattern of lymphatic metastasis in oral tongue in relation to the depth of tumor. This is a prospective study of 60 patients over a period of 4 years. Squamous cell carcinoma of anterior two-third (oral tongue) which were managed by upfront surgery were considered in the study. USG tongue was done in a few cases (25 out of 60) but was not a mandatory criteria for inclusion or exclusion of the case. The measurements for depth of invasion were made from surface of mucosa to maximal depth by an ocular micrometer. Frequency, proportions and percentages were used to analyse the data. Out of 15 patients who had tumor thickness less than 5 mm, two had nodal metastasis i.e. 13%, whereas 28 patients out of 45 patients with tumor thickness more than 5 mm had nodal disease i.e. 62%. Out of 60 patients enrolled, 13 (21.66%) lost to follow up by the end of 1 year. Of remaining 47 patients seven (14.89%) presented with recurrence (four nodal and three local), three out of which underwent second surgery and four were referred for palliative care. All the four patients referred for palliative care died within 1 year of surgery. As evident from above study only two patients had positive nodal disease when the depth of the tumor was less than 5 mm. There is no role of observation of neck in carcinoma tongue, however if observation is being planned then preoperative ultrasonography of tongue should be done and tumors more than 5 mm should at least be offered extended supraomohyoid neck dissection. Chance of level V involvement is negligible and can be omitted in N0 and N1 neck.     

The problem of neck relapse in early stage supraglottic larynx cancer

We reviewed the records of 104 patients with Stage T1NO or Stage T2NO epidermoid carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated between 1965 and 1979. In 79 patients, surgery was the only type of initial treatment. These 79 patients are the subjects of this report. Forty-eight (61%) of these patients were treated by total laryngectomy, whereas 31 (39%) had a partial laryngectomy. An elective unilateral radical neck dissection was performed on 31 patients considered at high risk, but metastatic disease was found in the dissected side of the neck histologically in only 32% (ten of 31) of these patients. The minimum follow-up period was 5 years and the maximum was 20 years. Twenty-nine percent of the patients (23 of 79) experienced a neck relapse. The neck relapse rate was the same whether the patients did or did not have an elective radical neck dissection. Among the patients who experienced a neck relapse, 65% (15 of 32) have died of the cancer. Among those who did not experience a neck relapse, none (zero of 56) have died of the cancer (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that in surgically treated patients with early stage supraglottic larynx cancer, neck relapse was the major cause of failure associated with death from cancer. Strategies for decreasing the relapse rate are discussed.     

Surgical management of postradiation residual/recurrent cancer of the base of the tongue

A study of 78 cases of base of the tongue cancer treated surgically for control of disease at the primary site is presented. Seventy-four of these cases were radiation failures, surgery being resorted to as a salvage procedure. The choice of the various surgical procedures is discussed and the cure rates analysed. Thirty-five cases required a total glossectomy, of which twenty-six did not have removal of the larynx. The feasibility of preserving the larynx at least in younger individuals and when good nursing care is available is stressed.     

T3声门上喉癌33例的治疗

目的：研究T3声门上癌的治疗效果，讨论分析T3病变的临床处理方法。方法：回顾1982年－1991年于中山医科大学肿瘤医院住院治疗的T3声门上喉癌33例。声门上癌原发灶均行手术治疗，其中27例行全喉切除术，6例行声门上水平部分喉切除术。颈部的处理方式包括：13例临床N（＋）的患者中2例行根治性颈淋巴结清扫术，11例行区域性颈淋巴结清扫术；20例临床N0病例中1例选择性颈淋巴结清扫术，其余19例均随诊观察。本组病例中单纯手术治疗19例，其余14例手术加放疗的综合治疗。结果：本组T3声门上喉癌治疗后的五年生存率为63．6％（21／33），五年的无瘤生存率为57．6％（19／33），Kaplan-Meier分析总体的五年累计生存率为63．9％。原发灶部分喉手术和全喉手术的五年生存率分别为80％和59．9％，Kaplan-Meier分析两者间差异无显著性（Log Rank=0.82,P=0.3646）。单纯手术和手术加放疗的五年生存率分别为56．4％和67．3％，Kaplan-Meier分析两组间差异无显著性（Log Rank＝0．61，P＝0．4341）。33例临床T3的声门上喉癌病例治疗后有5例出现原发灶复发，12例出现颈部复发，治疗对原发灶和颈部的控制率分别为84．8％（28／33）和63．6％（21／33）。结论：声门上癌侵犯会厌前间隙和舌根的T3亚型，声门上水平喉切除术可以获得较好的疗效。对于伴声带固定的T3病变，应谨慎选择部分喉手术。手术加放疗虽然不能显著影响生存率，但较单纯手术有较高的五年生存率的趋势。结合放化疗治疗声门上T3病变仍有待进一步探讨。     

早期舌鳞状细胞癌的疗效分析

目的 分析不同方法治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ期舌鳞癌的疗效.方法 回顾性分析103例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期舌鳞癌患者,比较单纯手术、单纯放疗和综合治疗(术前或术后放疗)的疗效及其影响因素.结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者的5年生存率分别为82.4%和80.O%(P=0.361),其中单纯手术组、单纯放疗组和综合治疗组的5年生存率分别为90.3%、68.4%和84.0%(P=0.104),局部复发率分别为2.5%、35.7%和5.7%(P＜0.001).隐匿性淋巴结转移率为23.8%,其中Ⅱ区的转移率(19.0%)最高.局部复发、区域复发是影响患者预后的独立因素,单纯手术即能获得满意的局部控制,而低分化鳞癌易出现区域复发.结论 选用单纯手术治疗早期舌癌,如采用择区性颈淋巴清扫术,清扫范围为Ⅰ～Ⅳ区.