一种合成的新型内毒素结合肽突变体的体内外拮抗内毒素效应初步研究

目的设计构建新型内毒素结合肽突变体(mutant of endotoxin binding peptide,mEBP),并研究其体内外拮抗内毒素效应。方法采用F-moc固相合成法获得内毒素结合肽(endotoxin binding peptide,EBP)及其突变体mEBP;CCK-8法检测mEBP对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响;ELISA法检测mEBP对内毒素(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-6的影响;Western blot法检测mEBP对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞表达p-p38 MAPK的影响;中性红法测定mEBP对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞吞饮功能的影响。复制烧伤合并内毒素血症小鼠模型;检测mEBP对建模后6 h小鼠血浆中TNF-α、ALT和AST浓度的影响;检测mEBP对模型小鼠48 h生存率的影响。结果 mEBP无可见的细胞毒性;mEBP可降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-6(P<0.05);抑制p-p38 MAPK信号通路的激活;抑制RAW264.7细胞的吞饮功能(P<0.01);mEBP预处理可明显降低烧伤合并内毒素血症模型小鼠血浆中的TNF-α、ALT和AST浓度(P<0.05),提高模型小鼠48h生存率。结论 mEBP和EBP均具有明显的拮抗内毒素活性,其中mEBP拮抗活性更强。     

IgY治疗烧伤后肠源性白色念珠菌感染的实验研究

目的　为治疗严重烧伤后肠源性白色念珠菌感染寻求新的治疗措施。方法　选用标准白色念珠菌菌株免疫纯系Leghorn鸡 ;采用改良水溶法 (WD)从蛋黄中提取抗体IgY ,双紫外光测定抗体含量 ,通过SDS PAGE电泳检测抗体纯度 ,Wes tern blotting免疫印迹法测定该抗体来源 ,ELISA法检测热处理后IgY的活性 ,采用纯系SPF小鼠烧伤 (2 5 %Ⅲ度烧伤面积 )肠源性白色念珠菌感染的模型 ,特异IgY治疗并与对照组比较。结果　IgY的效价高 (1∶12 80 0 )、特异性强和理化性质稳定 ;喂服IgY治疗烧伤小鼠后 ,明显抑制小鼠肠道内白色念珠菌的黏附、生长 ;明显降低了烧伤小鼠血浆中二胺氧化酶 (DAO)和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)的释放 ,维护肠黏膜上皮的完整 ,减轻了白色念珠菌对小肠上皮细胞的损害 ;促进肠淋巴细胞分泌IgA ;恢复肠道局部免疫功能。结论　特异IgY效价高、特异性强、理化性质稳定 ,治疗烧伤小鼠肠源性白色念珠菌感染疗效显著     

槐定碱抑制内毒素血症小鼠肺组织LPS模式识别受体的表达

目的:探讨槐定碱对内毒素血症小鼠肺组织LPS识别受体LBP、CD14、TLR4及下游炎症介质TNF-α的影响及意义。方法:BALB/c小鼠尾静脉注射LPS制备内毒素血症小鼠模型,注射LPS后30分钟给予槐定碱高(12 mg/kg)、中(6mg/kg)、低(3 mg/kg)三个剂量干预,并分别在2、6、12、24小时各时间点取血液和肺组织,肉眼及光镜观察肺组织的病理变化;以肺湿/干重(W/D)比检测肺水含量;用RT-PCR检测肺组织中LBP、CD14、TLR4的mRNA表达;Western blot检测肺组织TLR4蛋白的表达;放免法检测血清TNF-α含量。结果:与内毒素血症模型组小鼠肺组织比较,槐定碱三个剂量干预组均不同程度减轻内毒素血症小鼠肺组织病理损伤,降低肺组织W/D值,并且显著下调同时间点模型小鼠肺组织LBP、CD14、TLR4的mRNA表达及TLR4蛋白的表达;槐定碱高、中剂量干预可显著抑制模型小鼠血清TNF-α水平(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:槐定碱对内毒素血症小鼠肺组织的保护作用机制可能与下调LPS识别受体LBP、CD14、TLR4表达,抑制下游炎症因子TNF-α的释放有关。     

淋巴细胞缺陷对内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活化的影响

目的观察淋巴细胞缺陷对内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活化的影响。方法采用腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立Balb/c小鼠和T、B细胞缺陷的重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)小鼠内毒素血症模型,ELISA检测2种小鼠腹腔灌洗液TNF-α和IL-10水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测腹腔巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophage,PMa)TNF-α、IL-10及丝裂原蛋白激酶磷酸酶-1(mito-gen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1,MKP-1)mRNA表达;ELISA检测Balb/c及SCID小鼠PMa体外刺激后细胞因子分泌情况。结果 LPS注射后1 h,SCID小鼠腹腔灌洗液TNF-α水平高于Balb/c小鼠,注射后3 h,IL-10水平低于Balb/c小鼠;LPS注射前及注射后,SCID小鼠PMa TNF-αmRNA表达高于Balb/c小鼠PMa,IL-10 mRNA表达低于Balb/c小鼠PMa;体外实验LPS刺激下,SCID小鼠PMa较Balb/c小鼠PMa分泌更多的TNF-α,IL-10的分泌却偏少。LPS注射前及注射后,Balb/c小鼠PMa MKP-1 mRNA表达均明显高于SCID小鼠。结论淋巴细胞缺陷导致内毒素血症小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性的增加,淋巴细胞抑制巨噬细胞的活化并可能调控其发育及成熟;MKP-1表达的减少可能是淋巴细胞缺陷导致腹腔巨噬细胞活性增加的分子机制之一。     

抗菌抗内毒素多肽拮抗内毒素作用的体内研究

目的：观察抗菌抗内毒素多肽对内毒素(LPS)攻击大鼠的保护作用。方法：以一个LD50的LPS(10mg/kg^-1)攻击大鼠,于LPS攻击后20秒内静脉注射抗菌抗内毒素多肽(5mg/kg^-1),在不同时相点采血,并测定大鼠血液中的TNT-α、IL-6浓度,以确定抗菌抗内毒素多肽对LPS攻击大鼠的保护作用。结果：抗菌抗内毒素多肽可明显降低LPS攻击大鼠血液中TNF-α、IL-6浓度。     

乌司他丁联合ghrelin对内毒素血症大鼠肠功能障碍的影响

目的观察乌司他丁(UTI)联合ghrelin(GHL)对内毒素血症大鼠肠功能障碍的影响,探讨UTI联合GHL改善内毒素血症大鼠肠功能的作用及其可能机制。方法以内毒素(LPS)15 mg/kg腹腔注射大鼠作为内毒素血症动物模型。将60只雄性SD大鼠随机等分为对照组(CON组)、LPS组、UTI组、GHL组、UTI+GHL组,采用HE染色、RealTime-PCR、小肠葡聚糖蓝-2000(BD-2000)推进率和ELISA等方法在12 h及24 h观察各组大鼠小肠屏障功能、小肠运动功能以及炎症介质TNF-α、IL-6、HMGB1等变化。结果 HE染色结果显示UTI+GHL组、UTI组与LPS组相比能不同程度减轻回肠结构损伤,且UTI+GHL组更明显(P0.05)。UTI组和UTI+GHL组在RD-5和TFF3 mRNA表达水平方面较LPS组有显著提高(P0.05),且UTI+GHL组升高明显(P0.05)。GHL组和UTI+GHL组较LPS组小肠运动功能均显著升高,且UTI+GHL组更为明显(P0.05)。UTI+GHL组、UTI组、GHL组与LPS组相比均能显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、HMGB1等炎症因子表达(P0.05),且在肠黏膜组织中发现了类似结果。结论 UTI联合GHL可通过抑制内毒素血症时全身炎症反应及肠组织局部炎症反应,明显改善肠屏障及提高肠运动功能。     

二甲双胍对脂多糖致炎性反应小鼠的抗炎作用

目的探究二甲双胍(Met)对脂多糖(LPS)致炎性小鼠的抗炎效应。方法 ICR小鼠分为对照组、LPS组、二甲双胍高、中和低剂量组(400, 200和100 mg/kg)。对照组和LPS组腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠溶液,其余3组注射不同剂量的二甲双胍;0.5 h后,除对照组外,其余4组腹腔注射等体积的LPS致小鼠炎性反应,6 h后测量小鼠的脾指数;ELISA检测小鼠血清中炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α和IL-10的表达;RT-PCR检测小鼠肝脏组织IL-6、TNF-α和IL-10 mRNA表达的变化;HE染色检测小鼠肝脏组织炎性反应变化。结果相对于LPS组,二甲双胍用药组小鼠的脾指数降低(P0.05);外周血IL-6和TNF-α及肝脏组织中IL-6和TNF-αmRNA的表达明显下降(P0.05);而外周血IL-10及肝脏组织中IL-10 mRNA显示上升(P0.05);二甲双胍高剂量组可明显减轻由LPS所致小鼠肝脏的炎性反应。结论二甲双胍对于LPS致炎性小鼠具有一定的抗炎活性。     

LPS诱导的内毒素血症小鼠及重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠模型炎症反应的比较

目的:比较脂多糖(LPS)诱导的内毒素血症BALB/c小鼠及重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID)小鼠炎症反应的差异。方法:建立LPS诱导的BALB/c小鼠和SCID小鼠内毒素血症模型,观察小鼠的存活率。分别于诱导前、诱导后3h、6h、12h,取小鼠的血清及诱导后12h小鼠的肝脏、肺脏,用全自动生化分析仪检测两种小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)水平;HE染色评价肝脏、肺脏的炎症病理改变;用流式细胞术微球阵列法检测两种小鼠血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6及MCP-1的水平。结果:(1)LPS诱导内毒素血症后,SCID小鼠于12～24h均死亡(8/8),BALB/c小鼠仅1只死亡(1/8)。(2)LPS诱导后12h,BALB/c小鼠及SCID小鼠血清ALT、AST、BUN的水平均明显升高(P<0.05),SCID小鼠前两项均高于BALB/c小鼠(P<0.05),但BUN两种小鼠无显著差异。(3)肺脏,肝脏炎症盲法的病理评分,SCID小鼠均高于BALB/c小鼠(P<0.05)。(4)SCID小鼠和BALB/c小鼠LPS诱导后3h、6h、12h,血清TNF-α,IFN-γ的水平,诱导后12h,IL-6,MCP-1的水平均显著升高(P<0.05),SCID小鼠明显高于BALB/c小鼠(P<0.05)。结论:LPS刺激SCID小鼠后,可分泌过量的炎性细胞因子,导致更严重的内毒素血症和脏器损伤,是造成小鼠死亡的重要原因。结果提示,缺乏适应性免疫应答细胞调控的情况下,异常增强的固有免疫应答,可能是危及机体生命的重症全身炎症反应综合征发生的重要原因。     

硫化氢对烧伤大鼠肠道组织干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α含量的影响

目的实验研究硫化氢(H2S)对烧伤大鼠肠道组织干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量的影响,探讨H2S在烧伤大鼠肠道黏膜屏障功能中发挥的作用。方法将104只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为烧伤组(96只)和正常对照组(8只),其中烧伤组又分为单纯烧伤组(n=32)、炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG)干预组(n=32)、硫氢化钠(NaHS)干预组(n=32)。各烧伤组分别于伤后2d、7d、14d、21d四个时相点取8只SD大鼠回肠组织,匀浆后取上清液用ELISA方法检测各组大鼠肠道组织中IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量变化情况。正常对照组适应性饲养1周后取回肠组织,检测IFN-γ、TNF-α的含量。结果与正常对照组相比,单纯烧伤组、NaHS干预组、PPG干预组各时相点TNF-α和IFN-γ水平均明显升高(P<0.05),在烧伤后2d TNF-α水平最高,烧伤后14d IFN-γ水平达到最高值,之后呈逐渐下降趋势。NaHS干预组各时相点TNF-α水平较单纯烧伤组均明显降低(P<0.05),而IFN-γ水平明显升高;PPG干预组各时相点TNF-α水平较单纯烧伤组均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而IFN-γ均降低。结论 H2S可以显著降低烧伤大鼠肠道组织TNF-α水平,升高IFN-γ的水平,表明H2S可减轻肠道炎性反应,保护肠道黏膜屏障作用,为烧伤后应用外源性H2S加强肠道黏膜屏障功能提供了新思路。     

虎杖苷对严重烧伤小鼠早期肠损伤及SIRT1 / NF-κB 通路的影响

目的:研究虎杖苷(PD)对严重烧伤小鼠早期肠损伤及沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路的影响。方法:建立严重烧伤小鼠模型,实验分为假烧伤组、烧伤组、低、中、高剂量PD组、谷氨酰胺组。观察各组小鼠一般情况,测定各组小鼠回肠黏液含量,回肠组织病理学观察,蛋白印迹法(WB)测定各组小鼠回肠组织中SIRT1、NF-κB p65表达水平,酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、丙二醛(MDA)表达水平。结果:造模后可见小鼠烧伤部位有渗血、感染、水肿发生。与假烧伤组相比,烧伤组回肠黏膜水肿、充血,大量杯状细胞分泌,淋巴细胞浸润,绒毛断裂坏死,回肠黏液含量、SIRT1、IL-10水平显著降低,NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-1β、NO、iNOS、MDA水平显著升高(P0.05);与烧伤组相比,低、中、高剂量PD给药治疗后,小鼠烧伤创面有褐色痂壳形成,创面皱缩,随后出现创面上皮爬行、干燥,高剂量组治疗结束后痂壳脱离,创面平整、红润,基本愈合,回肠黏液含量、SIRT1、IL-10水平显著升高,NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-1β、NO、iNOS、MDA水平显著降低(P0.05)。谷氨酰胺组症状缓解情况与高剂量组相当。结论:PD可能通过抑制炎症和氧化应激反应以缓解严重烧伤小鼠早期肠损伤症状,可能与SIRT1/NF-κB通路相关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.