脉搏指示连续心排血量监测(PiCCO)在脓毒症休克合并心肌损害患者治疗中的临床价值

目的 观察脉搏指示连续心排血量监测（pulse indicator continuous cardiac output,PiCCO）对脓毒症休克合并心肌损害患者临床治疗的价值。方法 将37例脓毒症休克合并心肌损害患者随机分为常规对照组（C组）18例和PiCCO组（P组）19例。C组放置中心静脉导管,P组放置中心静脉导管和股动脉PiCCO导管,根据血流动力学监测指标指导患者的液体复苏、血管收缩药物（多巴胺）和正性肌力药物（多巴酚丁胺）的应用。记录两组患者复苏6h后相关参数（CVP、MAP、ScvO₂、尿量、血乳酸水平）、心功能指标（NT-proBNP,cTnI）的变化,同时记录两组患者6、24、48h的液体正平衡量、血管收缩药物（多巴胺）和正性肌力药物（多巴酚丁胺）的用量。结果 与常规对照组（C组）相比,P组治疗6h后ScvO₂升高、血乳酸水平降低,心功能指标cTnI降低,液体正平衡量增加（P均<0.05）;P组治疗6、24、48h多巴酚丁胺用量增加、多巴胺用量减少（P均<0.05）;治疗24、48h两组液体正平衡量相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组CVP、MAP、尿量相比,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 PiCCO监测可以指导脓毒症休克患者的液体复苏,在指导正性肌力药物应用的同时还可以减少血管收缩药物的应用、减轻心肌损害。     

前列地尔联合强化阿托伐他汀预防糖尿病肾病患者对比剂急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨前列地尔联合强化阿托伐他汀能否减轻行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的糖尿病肾病（DN）患者由对比剂引起的急性肾损伤。方法 选取拟行PCI且伴DN的196例患者为研究对象。将入选患者随机分为对照组、强化阿托伐他汀组、前列地尔组及联合治疗组4组,每组49例。入选所有患者常规给予抗血小板、抗凝、降血脂、降血压、控制血糖、扩冠等基础治疗。4组患者分别均于术前12h至术后12h内给予相同水化治疗。前列地尔组及联合治疗组患者术前30min,术后12、36、60h分别静脉注射前列地尔20μg,对照组及强化阿托伐他汀组则在对应时间点应用等剂量安慰剂（0.9%氯化钠注射液2ml）。强化阿托伐他汀组及联合治疗组患者于术前3天起每日加服阿托伐他汀20mg（总量至40mg/d）。观察4组患者术前及术后48、72h CysC、Scr、β₂-MG、hs-CRP的变化情况,并比较这4组患者对比剂肾病（CIN）的发生率。结果 4组患者PCI前CysC、Scr、β₂-MG、hs-CRP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;前列地尔组、强化阿托伐他汀组及联合治疗组3组患者PCI后48及72h的CysC、β₂-MG、hs-CRP水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。而联合治疗组CysC、β₂-MG、hs-CRP水平较其他组都低（P<0.05）。PCI后72h前列地尔组、联合治疗组及强化阿托伐他汀组患者Scr水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。联合治疗组患者Scr水平最低（P<0.05）。联合治疗组患者对比剂肾病发生率为36.7%,明显低于其余3组（P<0.05）。结论 静脉注射前列地尔联合强化阿托伐他汀可减轻由对比剂引起的急性肾损伤,并降低CIN发生率。     

脓毒症AKI生物学标志物在CRRT中的临床价值

目的 探讨胱抑素C （cystatin C,Cys C）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）、尿白细胞介素18（interleukin-18,IL-l8）在脓毒症急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）患者早期预测选择连续性肾脏替代治疗（continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT）及治疗置换模式不同比较中的临床价值评估。方法 选择2012年7月~2016年4月收治的脓毒症且并发AKI的患者,确诊后24h内收集患者血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18标本,用ELISA法分别检测血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18标本水平,同时收集血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血白细胞等临床指标。根据患者在之后住院期间是否需要接受CRRT,分为脓毒症CRRT组和脓毒症非CRRT组,对两组进行对比分析,同时脓毒症CRRT组治疗前后在动脉端采取血液标本及尿液标本检测;通过ROC曲线下面积评价血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18浓度在评价脓毒症AKI患者需CRRT的早期预测价值,对CRRT治疗中患者进行单纯随机抽样分组分为2L/h及4L/h置换剂量组,同时和不同时间点的血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18浓度进行单因素方差分析。结果 总共收集71例脓毒症AKI患者,男性占63.3%,患者年龄21~86岁,平均年龄63.9±14.8岁。36例患者最后接受CRRT治疗,确诊AKI后的24h内,2组患者Scr、BUN、血白细胞等临床指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;但脓毒症CRRT组尿血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18浓度水平明显高于脓毒症非CRRT组（P<0.05）。血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18浓度在预测脓毒症AKI患者需CRRT治疗的ROC曲线下面积分别是血清Cys C对于脓毒血症AKI患者需进行CRRT治疗的预测价值的AUC值为0.905（95% CI：0.831~0.979,P=0.000）,尿NGAL、尿IL-18预测价值的AUC值分别为0.926（95% CI：0.862~0.991,P=0.000）和0.897（95% CI：0.827~0.967,P=0.000）。在CRRT治疗过程中,置换液流量为分别设定2L/h及4L/h置换剂量行分组透析治疗,2L/h组透析患者数为17例,4L/h组透析患者数为19例。经过12、24h治疗后,血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18在各组内逐渐下降（P<0.05）,4L/h组血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18在第24h均明显低于2L/h组（P<0.05）。结论 血清Cys C、尿NGAL和尿液IL-18在脓毒症AKI患者选择CRRT治疗时机中有一定的参考价值,其中尿NGAL具有更好的早期预测价值,其次为血清Cys C和尿IL-18。此外,在CRRT治疗过程中,置换液流量为4L/h透析治疗比2L/h组透析患者在持续24h治疗后,可能有更好的治疗效果。     

血脑钠肽联合急诊脓毒症死亡风险评分对脓毒症患者预后的价值

目的 探讨血脑钠肽（BNP）联合急诊脓毒症死亡风险（MEDS）评分对脓毒症患者预后的评价。方法 回顾性分析2013年5月至2015年5月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院ICU拟诊为脓毒症、脓毒症休克的患者68例,给予血BNP测定,进行MEDS评分以及其他预测因子评估,根据28天结局分成死亡组和存活组,根据MEDS评分分成MEDS高分组（≥12分）与MEDS低分组（<12分）,比较不同组别患者性别、年龄、感染灶及MEDS参数的差异。绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）,比较MEDS评分联合血BNP以及其他预测因子对脓毒症患者预后的预测能力。结果 68例患者28天病死率为48.53%,MEDS高分组病死率（82.76%）高于MEDS低分组病死率（23.07%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线提示血BNP与MEDS评分联合预测28天病死率最佳,其中AUC值达到0.857,优于MEDS评分单独预测的能力,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 MEDS高评分提示脓毒症患者预后较差,血BNP联合MEDS评分较其他单独指标对脓毒症患者预后具有较好的预测能力。     

血液透析联合不同时机的血液灌流对尿毒症患者中分子毒素清除效果的探讨

目的 探讨血液透析（HD）联合不同时机的血液灌流（HP）对尿毒症中高分子毒素的清除效果。方法 规律透析尿毒症患者120例,接受血液透析联合不同时机的血液灌流方案治疗。随机分为两组,后置治疗（HD+HP）组和前置治疗（HP+HD）组,治疗频率1次/2周,4小时/次,共2次。采用自身交叉对照研究方法,即后置治疗组第1次组合治疗采用HP后置方案,第2次采用HP前置方案;前置治疗组第1次组合治疗采用HP前置方案,第2次采用HP后置方案。分别留取患者第1次和第2次组合治疗前后血标本,检测血常规、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、β₂微球蛋白（β₂-MG）、血磷（P）等进行分析。结果 两组患者第1次和第2次组合治疗后的血中Scr、BUN、iPTH、β₂-MG、P等均显著低于同组治疗前水平（P<0.05）;2组患者采用HP后置方案治疗后,iPTH、β₂-MG的下降值均显著大于HP前置方案（P<0.05）。电解质、白蛋白、血红蛋白两种方案差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 血液透析联合不同时机的血液灌流方案,对尿毒症中高分子毒素的清除效果不同,HP后置方案清除效果最好。     

肾衰方治疗90例脾肾气虚湿浊内蕴证CKD4期患者的临床观察

[目的] 观察肾衰方联合包醛氧淀粉胶囊及缬沙坦片对慢性肾脏病（CKD）4期患者残余肾功能及生活质量的干预作用。[方法] 选择2020年10月—2021年9月天津中医药大学第一附属医院收治的90例CKD4期患者,根据随机数字表法随机分为对照组（45例）和中药组（45例）。对照组予包醛氧淀粉胶囊及缬沙坦片治疗,中药组予肾衰方联合包醛氧淀粉胶囊及缬沙坦片治疗,连续服用3个月。观测治疗前后2组临床疗效、血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）、24 h尿蛋白定量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）的变化、症状积分以及不良反应生率。[结果] 治疗3个月后,中药组总有效率为82.2%,对照组总有效率为62.2%,中药组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;症状积分、Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量水平均较治疗前降低,且中药组优于对照组（P<0.05）;GFR较治疗前上升,且中药组优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗前后ALT、AST无明显变化（P>0.05）,且均在正常范围之内;中药组及对照组治疗前后未见明显不良反应。[结论] 肾衰方联合西药治疗能够更好地保护CKD4期患者残余肾功能,一定程度上提高患者生活质量,延缓进入终末期肾病的时间,提高临床疗效。     

补肾活血法治疗慢性肾小球肾炎疗效观察

[目的] 观察补肾活血法治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的临床疗效。[方法] 100例患者随机分为两组,对照组50例和治疗组50例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组加用补肾活血的中药汤剂,12周后统计疗效。[结果] 治疗组总有效率为94%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）.两组经治疗后24 h尿蛋白定量、血尿素氮（BUN）均显着下降（P<0.01）,治疗组优于对照组。治疗组尿红细胞数、血肌酐（Scr）与治疗前相比显着下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）.[结论] 补肾活血法对慢性肾小球肾炎有良好的疗效。     

黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效及安全性观察

[目的]观察早期糖尿病肾病患者口服黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦胶囊治疗的临床疗效及药物安全性。[方法]选取早期糖尿病肾病患者80例,并随机分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。两组患者均给与常规基础治疗,观察组患者给与口服黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦胶囊进行治疗,对照组患者给与缬沙坦胶囊进行治疗,连续用药疗程均为3个月。比较两组患者治疗前后尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、血清尿素氮（BUN）及肌酐（Scr）的变化等,进行对比分析。[结果]观察组治疗前后UAER、Scr、BUN比较,差异有统计学意义;对照组治疗前后UAER、BUN、Scr比较,差异有统计学意义。观察组治疗后UAER较对照组降低更为明显（P<0.05）,两组治疗后BUN和Scr下降程度差异不明显（P>0.05）。[结论]使用黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦胶囊治疗早期糖尿病肾病,两者具有较好的协同作用。     

他克莫司联合环磷酰胺和糖皮质激素治疗狼疮性肾炎的疗效观察

目的 研究他克莫司联合环磷酰胺和糖皮质激素治疗狼疮性肾炎的疗效。方法 采用随机对照的方法,将2014年9月~2017年9月笔者医院接诊96例狼疮性肾炎的患者随机分为对照组（n=48）和试验组（n=48）。对照组联合使用环磷酰胺和糖皮质激素进行治疗,试验组患者在此基础上联合他克莫司进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗前一般临床资料、治疗后疗效评级与疗效相关指标、肾功能的改善、血清炎性因子水平及患者满意度。结果 两组患者的年龄、性别比、病程、病理分型等一般临床资料相比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,试验组有效率显著高于对照组（89.58% vs 52.08%,P<0.05）。试验组Scr、ds-DNA、C3、SLE-DAI改善幅度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮和血清炎性因子均明显下降,但试验组改善幅度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组不良反应发生率略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（41.67% vs 37.50%,P>0.05）。治疗后试验组患者满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（70.83% vs 47.92%,P<0.05）。结论 联合应用他克莫司和环磷酰胺及糖皮质激素治疗狼疮性肾炎的疗效优于环磷酰胺与糖皮质激素联用,且不明显增加不良反应,治疗后患者满意度更高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

依普利酮结合卡托普利对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能BNP及Nexilin的影响

目的 分析依普利酮联合卡托普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭患者的临床效果。方法 选择2017年9月至2018年12月于北京市丰台中西医结合医院老年科治疗的老年慢性心力衰竭患者127例,按随机数字表法分为对照组（63例）、观察组（64例）。对照组进行常规疗法,同时给予依普利酮进行治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用卡托普利进行治疗,两组均治疗8周。观察两组临床治疗效果和不良反应;比较两组治疗前后心功能、血清脑钠肽（BNP）和Nexilin水平的差异。结果 对照组治疗总有效率为84.13%,观察组为95.31%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、舒张早期最大血流速度（E峰）/舒张晚期最大血流速度（A峰）均升高,左心室收缩末径（LVSEd）、左心室舒张末径（LVDEd）、心肌重量指数（LVMI）、BNP和Nexilin均降低,且观察组LVEF、E/A升幅高于对照组,LVSEd、LVDEd、LVMI、BNP和Nexilin降幅高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 依普利酮联合卡托普利治疗慢性心力衰竭患者临床效果良好,可优化患者心功能,减轻患者心脏负荷,值得推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.