鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中病变鼻甲的处理对筛窦术腔的影响

目的:探讨鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术保留或切除病变中鼻甲对术后筛窦术腔的影响。方法：回顾分析接受功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术伴中鼻甲病变的慢性一鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者73例，观察中鼻甲切除组35例和中鼻甲保留组38例的术后筛窦术腔闭塞的发生率。结果：术后6个月保留组患者的中鼻甲大小形态基本恢复正常的29例（76％）。中鼻甲保留组和切除组筛窦术腔闭塞率分别为7．9％和37％（P＜05）。筛窦术腔闭塞的病变中鼻甲主要为息肉形成型。结论：鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术对病变中鼻甲作适当处理后予以保留有利于筛窦术腔的恢复。     

鼻科门诊鼻解剖变异及鼻源性头痛现况分析

目的:了解鼻科门诊患者鼻解剖变异及鼻源性头痛的发病情况.方法:对2008年12月.2009年1月本院鼻科门诊单一医生接诊的鼻科患者进行专科检查,检查结果及症状进行统计学处理.结果:756例(1512侧)患者鼻中隔偏曲率88.76%,中鼻甲气化率28.37%,中鼻甲反曲率14.75%,钩突变异率29.23%,筛泡变异率23.61%,上鼻甲变异率5.69%,鼻丘气化率1.39%,Hailers 气房率3.11%.鼻源性头痛262例(34.66%),接触点头痛的发生率为3.17%.男女鼻解剖变异发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05),头痛患者与无头痛患者鼻解剖变异发生率有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:鼻科门诊鼻源性头痛有较高的发生率,应引起医生与患者的高度重视.     

鼻睫神经痛的手术治疗体会

目的探讨鼻睫神经痛的临床特征，以提高对该病的诊疗水平。方法对5例鼻睫神经痛患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。5例患者分别行鼻中隔矫正术，中鼻甲成形术及筛窦切除术治疗。结果术后随访半年，5例患者痊愈。结论鼻睫神经痛的主要表现为与筛、额窦炎相似的头痛，但无流涕；细致的鼻腔检查及鼻窦CT扫描是防止漏诊、误诊的重要手段；恰当的鼻中隔及中鼻甲矫正术及筛窦开放术疗效确切。     

筛动脉管的CT影像解剖学研究及其临床意义

目的研究筛动脉管影像解剖学特点,为功能性鼻腔内镜手术(FESS)提供参考。方法对106例患者行薄层多层CT(MSCT)横轴位螺旋扫描,图像数据传至AW4.2工作站行多层面重建(MPR)、仿真内镜(VE)重建及三维(3D)重建,对筛动脉管的显示率、位置、走行特点、与筛顶的附着关系及上下壁骨质裂缺发生率进行测量和观察。结果筛前、筛中、筛后动脉管的显示率分别为100%、42.9%、99.5%。筛前动脉管大多走行于筛泡隔板及中鼻甲基板内或两者之间的前组筛窦气房内;筛中动脉管较多走行于上鼻甲隔板及后组筛房,分别占26.4%、27.5%;筛后动脉管均走行于中鼻甲基板后,以最后筛房最为多见,占53.5%。筛前动脉管以悬吊型为主,占58.0%;筛中动脉管以隆凸型为主,占62.6%;筛后动脉管以隆凸型及隐匿性为主,分别占49.8%、46.9%。筛动脉管上下壁骨质裂缺存在普遍,并以下壁裂缺更多见。结论MSCT三维重建技术可以满意显示筛动脉管的解剖学特征,对FESS术中避免筛动脉管及其周围筛顶区域的损伤有重要的临床指导意义。     

兔适合构建鼻窦炎动物模型

背景：以实验动物模拟人类相关疾病是研究疾病发生发生及治疗的基础,鼻腔、鼻窦疾病也需要恰当实验动物作为其模型。目的：观察兔鼻腔、鼻窦的CT和局部解剖表现,探讨兔应用于鼻窦炎动物模型的可行性。 方法：利用CT使用常规鼻窦冠状位与水平位扫描新西兰兔,随后进行常规鼻腔、鼻窦解剖学观察。 结果与结论：兔鼻中隔将鼻腔分为左右两个腔,鼻腔外侧壁由上颌鼻甲、中间鼻甲、内侧鼻甲、下鼻甲组成,上颌窦窦腔最大,筛窦、蝶窦、额窦相对较小,以上结构均对称分布。兔鼻腔、鼻窦在CT扫描下显示清晰。兔鼻腔、鼻窦的解剖与人类鼻腔、鼻窦解剖结构既有相似也有不同,其上颌窦解剖部位与人相似且窦腔较大便于操作,具有动物实验模型建立的可行性,适用于鼻窦炎动物模型建立,可应用于模拟人类鼻窦炎的研究。     

中鼻甲、鼻中隔解剖变异的螺旋CT评价

目的：采用高分辨多排螺旋CT研究鼻中隔和中鼻甲解剖变异,并评价它们对前组鼻副窦引流通道的影响。方法：回顾分析60例行鼻腔和副鼻窦高分辨多排螺旋CT检查患者的图像资料。其中男35例,女25例,平均年龄42岁。所有受试者均采用16排螺旋CT机行高分辨容积扫描,层面从硬腭至额窦上缘,准直0．75～1mm,横断、冠状和矢状重建,层厚及层距均为1mm。分别观察和统计鼻中隔和中鼻甲解剖变异的类型和发生率,并评价其与前组鼻副窦引流通道的关系。结果：60例中,共发现鼻中隔变异45例（75％）,其中鼻隔偏曲45例（单向偏曲31例,双向偏曲14例）;犁骨一软骨结合部畸形5例（肥大2例,脱位3例）;鼻隔刺16例。中鼻甲变异共43例（71．7％）,其中反曲15例;气化9例;双侧不对称20例（46．5％）。不对称中鼻甲中,增大一侧多见于鼻隔偏移方向的对侧,多数伴有不同程度的钩突移位和筛漏斗或鼻道狭窄。结论：鼻腔和中鼻甲不对称与鼻中隔偏曲关系密切,后者是导致前组鼻副窦引流通道中的关键部位一中鼻道和筛漏斗狭窄的重要原因。     

慢性上颌窦炎影响因素的CT分析

目的探讨窦口鼻道复合体病变及解剖变异与慢性上颌窦炎的关系.方法对CT诊断的52例单侧慢性上颌窦炎进行两侧对比分析.结果患侧与健侧筛泡截面分别为(77.75±33.51) mm2和(34±20.27) mm2(P<0.01).两侧分别有19个及10个大筛泡.患侧伴有32组筛窦炎,对侧21组.鼻息肉11例,单发于上颌窦炎侧9例,对侧仅1例,双侧1例.结论大筛泡、前中组筛窦炎症、鼻息肉与慢性上颌窦炎有关.     

Surgical treatment of patients with refractory migraine headaches and intranasal contact points

Contact point headaches have been attributed to intranasal contact between opposing mucosal surfaces, resulting in referred pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. In subjects with primary headaches, contact points may be associated with treatment refractoriness. We aimed to assess the benefits of surgical correction in patients with refractory migraine or transformed migraine, and radiographic evidence of contact points in the sinonasal area. We reviewed charts of patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty for contact point in the same surgical facility, from October 1998 through August 2003. Subjects eligible for surgery had: (i) refractory migraine (failed to standard pharmacological headache treatments) or refractory transformed migraine; (ii) contact points demonstrated by computed tomography scan; (iii) reported significant headache improvement after topical anaesthesia to the contact area. Headache characteristics were assessed preoperatively and at follow-up (6-62 months after surgery) using a standardized questionnaire. A total of 21 subjects (72.5% women) were assessed. Mean headache frequency was reduced from 17.7 to 7.7 headache days per month (P = 0.003). Mean headache severity was reduced from 7.8 to 3.6 on a 0-10 scale (P = 0.0001). Headache-related disability was reduced from 5.6 (10-point scale) to 1.8 (P < 0.0001). A total of 16 subjects (76.2%) had their headache scores improved by 50% or more; nine (42.9%) were pain free at the last follow-up. A total of 18 (95.8%) had at least a 25% reduction in their headache scores. Two patients (9.5%) had increase in their headache score by less than 25%. For selected patients with refractory headaches, demonstrable contact points, and positive response after topical anaesthesia, surgical approach toward the triggering factor may be useful. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm our results.     

鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术60例疗效观察

目的 观察鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗的效果.方法 对60例(107侧)慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内窥镜下手术,术后随访1年.结果 治愈39例(65.0%),好转16例(26.7%),无效5例(8.3%).总有效率91.7%.术后并发症主要为鼻腔粘连.结论 鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗具有良好的疗效,术中正确处理中、下鼻甲及鼻中隔,术后定期随访可提高治愈率,减少并发症.     

真菌性鼻窦炎19例诊治体会

目的:通过回顾分析19例真菌性鼻窦炎的临床资料,以提高该病的诊断和治疗水平。方法;对收治的19例真菌性鼻窦炎患者作鼻窦CT检查和鼻内镜检查,并行相应手术治疗。结果:所有病例均为单侧鼻窦发病,其中病变单纯累及上颌窦者12例、单纯累及筛窦者2例、单纯累及蝶窦者1例,有3例同时累及上颌窦和筛窦,有1例同时累及上颌窦、筛窦和蝶窦。有15例(78.9%)窦腔软组织团块影中可见斑点状钙化灶,5例窦腔有不同程度的骨质吸收和破坏。术后随访2年,有3例复发。结论:真菌性鼻窦炎好发于上颌窦,多为单侧鼻窦发病,CT具有较高的诊断价值,手术具有较好的治疗效果。     

内窥镜下鼻腔结构调整技术的经验总结

目的探讨伴有临床症状的鼻腔结构异常患者的治疗技术,总结内窥镜下鼻腔结构调整技术的临床治疗经验。 方法对86例排除了鼻腔鼻窦新生物而确诊为鼻腔结构异常的伴有临床症状的患者实施“个性化内窥镜下鼻腔结构调整技术,即:个性化的“鼻内镜下鼻中隔三线减张矫治术、鼻腔结构调整（鼻中甲内移固定和减容、鼻下甲骨折移位和减容）、中鼻道鼻窦开放术,同时联合等离子低温消融技术”并进行临床总结;同时对所有患者术前和术后3月时的鼻阻力测量评分、鼻堵塞VAS评分、鼻内镜检查评分和鼻窦CT检查评分进行临床对比分析。 结果86例患者的手术进程顺利,双侧鼻腔异常结构的矫正满意、通气容积扩大、通气的对称性恢复;全部病例中中隔粘骨膜切口愈合良好,术后均未出现鼻中隔脓血肿、中隔对穿孔、鼻梁塌陷、空鼻不适等手术并发症;患者总鼻阻力值由术前的0.643±0.142 KPa/L.S变为术后3个月时的0.278±0.154 KPa/L.S（P < 0.05）;主观鼻腔通气程度（VAS）评分由术前的6.696±1.532变为术后3个月时的3.378±1.371（P < 0.05）;鼻内镜检查Lund-Kennedy评分由术前的0.81±0.69变为术后3个月时的0.52±0.69（P < 0.05）;鼻窦CT检查Lund-Mackay评分由术前的11.02±1.34变为术后3个月时的4.37±1.05（P < 0.05）,均具有统计学意义。 结论对伴有临床症状的“鼻腔鼻窦解剖结构异常的”患者实施“个性化内窥镜下鼻腔结构调整技术”,对扩展鼻腔鼻窦有效通气容积、有效降低鼻腔通气阻力、减轻或缓解上气道阻塞是安全实用、经济有效的。       

Penetration of prulifloxacin into sinus mucosa of patients undergoing paranasal sinus elective endoscopic surgery

The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of ulifloxacin, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, in sinuses mucosa and plasma of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, requiring sinus elective endoscopic surgery. Thirty-nine patients (30 males, 9 females; age range 22-77 years) with chronic sinusitis were enrolled, 35 were treated with the investigational medication. Samples from four untreated patients were used to validate the analytical method, while four treated patients dropped out before surgery. One 600 mg prulifloxacin tablet once daily was administered for 5 days before surgery. The last dosing was scheduled from 2 to 12 hours from tissue and plasma sampling. In each patient, two samples of paranasal sinus mucosa (from ethmoid and turbinate, respectively) and one blood sample were collected. Concentrations of ulifloxacin in plasma and sinuses mucosa were measured using validated bioanalytical LC/MS/MS methods. Individual and mean ulifloxacin concentrations in tissues were always higher than the relevant plasma levels. The highest concentrations were observed between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the last dosing in all districts. The mean tissue/plasma ratios were 2.5 and 3.0 for ethmoid and turbinate, respectively. Data expressed as Area Under the Curves (AUC±SD) showed that ulifloxacin concentrations in the ethmoid were slightly higher (18.68±6.48 μg/g*h) than in turbinate (15.00±2.89 μg/g*h), and definitely higher than in plasma (6.32±1.14 μg/ml*h). The AUC ratios between tissues and plasma were 3.0 for ethmoides and 2.4 for turbinates. One patient reported two treatment-related episodes of diarrhea, which spontaneously resolved after the drug suspension. Results from this study seem to suggest that prulifloxacin showed good distribution in sinus tissues, where it reaches concentrations significantly higher than in plasma. These findings strongly call for confirmatory clinical trials in patients with bacterial rhinosinusitis.     

Chronic daily headache: When to suspect sinus disease

Migraine may be responsible for many headaches thought to be caused by the sinuses. Patients complaining of “sinus headache” must have a complete ear, nose, and throat examination. Occasionally, chronic headaches may arise from the sinuses; a thorough history is important to search for symptoms of facial pain and pressure along with other nasal sinus symptoms.     

鼻腔结构矫正结合射频治疗常年性变应性鼻炎

目的：观察鼻内镜手术结合射频治疗伴有鼻腔结构异常的常年性变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法：46例伴有鼻中隔偏曲或下鼻甲肥大的常年性变应性鼻炎患者，在鼻内镜下行鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术或下鼻甲黏膜下部分切除术，同时结合射频热凝下鼻甲、鼻丘、与鼻丘对应的鼻中隔等副交感神经密集部位。结果：术后随访1年以上，术后1个月和术后1年的总有效率分别为97．8％、82．6％。7例复发，其中6例发生在手术6个月以后。结论：对伴有鼻中隔偏曲或下鼻甲肥大的常年性变应性鼻炎患者，鼻内镜手术结合射频治疗是理想的治疗方法，术后复发多在6个月以后。     

内镜鼻窦手术中矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲对术后粘连的影响

目的探讨内镜鼻窦手术中矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲对术后鼻腔粘连的影响。方法回顾分析116例伴有鼻中隔轻度偏曲的内镜鼻窦手术病例资料。其中1组37例术中同时行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术,2组79例未处理鼻中隔轻度偏曲。随访6-12个月,比较两组病例术后鼻腔粘连的发生情况。结果术后1个月、3个月两组鼻腔粘连的发生率分别为8.1%、27.8%和0、13.9%,比较1组与2组鼻腔粘连的发生情况,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在内镜鼻窦手术中同时矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲有利于减少术后鼻腔粘连的发生。     

Middle Turbinate Headache Syndrome

The middle turbinate and nasal septum are innervated by the anterior ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. As reported in the classical work of Wolff (1948), stimulation of these regions causes pain in the medial canthus of the supraorbital region. Periorbital pain due to middle turbinate compression against the septum or the lateral wall of the nose may be due to congestion of the nasal mucosa or to pneumatization of the middle turbinate (concha bullosa). The diagnosis is made by exclusion and requires a high index of suspicion, anterior rhinoscopy, computerized tomography (CT), and confirmation by the lidocaine test. We present five cases of middle turbinate headache syndrome, all with contha bullosa. Four were treated surgically by partial middle turbinectomy and septoplasty more than 1 year ago, with excellent results. One patient refused surgical treatment which was suggested after failure of medical treatment with antihistamines, decongestants, and a topical corticosteroid, and continues to be symptomatic. Despite the small number of cases studied, the authors conclude that the procedure used was effective for the resolution of headache.     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的疗效观察

目的 :探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的疗效及影响因素。方法 :5 0 0例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者按临床分型分为 :Ⅰ型 16 5例 ,Ⅱ型 2 6 5例 ,Ⅲ型 110例。全部患者行鼻内窥镜手术治疗。对合并鼻中隔弯曲的 16 8例病人同时行鼻中隔矫正术。对合并下鼻甲极度肥大或息肉样变的 2 2 3例病人同时行下鼻甲成形术。术后用药包括抗生素、地塞米松、辅舒良气雾剂喷鼻。术后随访 1～ 19个月。结果 :Ⅰ型近期治愈率为 98.8% (16 2 / 16 5 ) ,Ⅱ型近期治愈率为 86 .2 % (194 / 2 2 5 ) ,Ⅲ型近期治愈率为 80 % (88/ 110 )。Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型近期治愈率比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉疗效显著 ,术中控制出血 ,正确处理中鼻甲及鼻中隔 ,及时解除粘连是提高治愈率的关键。     

鼻内镜联合等离子射频微创治疗鼻中隔偏曲并下鼻甲肥大

目的 探讨鼻中隔偏曲并下鼻甲肥大的手术治疗方法并评价其效果.方法 对22例鼻中隔偏曲并一侧或双侧下鼻甲肥大的患者,应用鼻内镜下鼻中隔手术,低温等离子体下鼻甲射频消融术微创治疗.结果 22例患者均能在配合局麻下完成治疗,随访3个月以上,该方法能彻底矫正鼻中隔偏曲,有效的缩小下鼻甲,术后患者鼻塞、头痛改善或消失,无并发症发生.结论 鼻中隔偏曲并下鼻甲肥大应用鼻内镜鼻中隔手术联合等离子射频微创治疗效果明显,创伤小,安全,有较好的临床应用价值.     

儿童鼻窦炎的鼻内窥镜手术治疗

目的：探讨儿童慢性鼻窦炎的特点，提高对本病的诊断及治疗水平。方法：采用鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎82例(139侧)，慢性上颌窦炎24例(42侧)，慢性筛-上颌窦炎伴中鼻甲水肿或息肉样变23例(41侧)，慢性筛一堞窦炎lO例(18侧)，慢性全鼻窦炎19例(30侧)，慢性筛窦炎4例(6侧)，慢性堞窦炎2例(2侧)。结果：总治愈率为(121／139)87．1％，好转(12／139)8．6％，无效(6／139)4．3％。3例术中出现筛骨纸样板损伤，术后出现眼睑瘀血，10例(12侧)术后出现鼻腔粘连，无大量出血及其它严重并发症。结论：鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎是行之有效的方法，且具有创伤小、操作精确、病变清除彻底等优点。     

Endonasal Endoscopic Management of Contact Point Headache and Diagnostic Criteria

(Headache 2010;50:242‐248) Background.— Some types of headaches with sinonasal origin may be present in the absence of inflammation and infection. The contact points between the lateral nasal wall and the septum could be the cause of triggering and sustained pain via trigeminovascular system. Objective.— The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic surgery in the sinonasal region for treatment of headache with special attention paid to specific diagnostic methods and patient selection. Methods.— This was a prospective, non‐randomized and semi‐quasi experimental research study. Thirty‐six patients with chronic headaches who had not previously responded to conventional treatments were evaluated by rhinoscopy and/or endoscopy, local anesthetic tests and computed tomography scans as diagnostic criteria. These patients were divided into 4 groups based on the diagnostic methods utilized. The intensity of headaches pre‐ and post‐operatively were recorded by utilizing the visual analog scale scale and performing analysis with analysis of variance test comparison and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Average follow‐up was 30 months. Results.— Our overall success rate approximated 83% while the complete cure rate was 11%. Patients in group 4 achieved the best results. In this group all diagnostic criteria were positive. In addition, patient responses were statistically significant in groups with more than one positive criteria compared with group 1 who only had positive examination. The positive response of 14 migrainous patients diagnosed with migraine prior to treatment was 64%. Conclusion.— Surgery in specific cases of headaches with more positive evidence of contact point could be successful, particularly if medical therapy has failed.