听力正常的耳鸣患者耳声发射测试

耳鸣作为一常见的临床症状发生率为17％，常规听力学检查无异常占9％。近年来，许多学者试图把耳声发射（otoacoustic emission，OAE）作为一种客观指标分析耳鸣的产生机制及性质，分析两者之间的关系。本文对听力正常耳鸣患者进行了畸变产物耳声发射（distortion Product otoacoustic emission，DPOAE）、自发性耳声发射（spontaneous otoacoustic emission，SOAE）和瞬态诱发性耳声发射（transient evoked otoacoustic emission，TEOAE）的测试，试图寻找耳鸣与耳声发射的关系及可能产生的耳鸣原因。     

足月正常新生儿自发性耳声发射特性分析

目的探讨足月新生儿自发性耳声发射(spontaneous otoacoustic emission,SOAE)的特性。方法采用丹麦尔听美公司Capella全功能耳声发射仪,对147例(236耳)通过瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)筛查的足月新生儿进行SOAE测试,分析SOAE的检出率、反应幅值、反应峰值以及频率分布特性。结果 1147例236耳中,SOAE总检出率为56.77%(134/236),其中女婴检出率69.23%(90/130)明显高于男婴(41.51%,44/106)(P<0.05),右耳检出率(64.17%,77/120)明显高于左耳(49.14%,57/116)(P<0.05)。2SOAE平均幅值为11.78±8.36dB SPL,其中男婴11.73±8.25dB SPL,女婴11.81±8.43dB SPL;左耳11.97±8.56dB SPL,右耳11.65±8.22dB SPL;无性别和耳间差异(P>0.05)。3SOAE频率集中分布于3 212~3 718 Hz,其中男婴2 930~3 409Hz,女婴3 353~3 863Hz;左耳3 212~3 718Hz,右耳3 151~3 638Hz;男婴的频率分布低于女婴(P<0.01)。4SOAE反应峰值均数为3.70±2.75个/耳,其中男婴3.86±2.87个/耳,女婴3.62±2.70个/耳;左耳3.70±3.02个/耳,右耳3.70±2.55个/耳;无性别和耳间差异(P>0.05)。结论足月新生儿SOAE检出率女婴高于男婴,右耳高于左耳,频率分布趋于高频,反应呈现多峰的特点,并且检出率及频率分布特性在女婴中更明显。     

自发性耳声发射与耳蜗传出调控的关系探讨

目的探讨自发性耳声发射(spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, SOAE)与内侧橄榄耳蜗传出系统 (medial olivocochlear system, MOCS)对耳蜗调控之间的关系及其临床意义.方法检测可疑蜗后病变和(或)内侧橄榄耳蜗传出系统功能障碍患者及正常中青年人的SOAE、瞬态诱发性耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, TEOAE)、畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emissions, DPOAE)及后二者的对侧声抑制效应.结果发现①听神经病65例(130耳)中126耳、听神经瘤2例(2耳)、听觉过敏2例(4耳)、听力正常耳鸣26例(48耳)中共146耳伴有MOCS功能障碍;② MOCS功能障碍146耳无论其纯音听阈如何,均能引出较强的诱发性耳声发射(EOAE),其中86.3%(126耳)能引出增强的SOAE,明显高于健康青年人正常耳的SOAE引出率34.3%;③ MOCS功能障碍耳SOAE的主要频率范围0.693～3.055 kHz明显大于正常耳SOAE的频率范围1.135～2.746 kHz,低频端前移有显著统计差异(P<0.01);④ MOCS功能障碍耳SOAE的平均最高幅值(-3.4±6.4)dB SPL明显大于正常耳(-6.8±7.8) dB SPL(P<0.01);⑤正常耳传出抑制的频率范围主要在0.7～3k Hz,与MOCS功能障碍耳SOAE的平均频率范围0.693～3.055kHz基本一致.结论 MOCS对耳蜗主动机制的调控以低、中频为主; SOAE信号频率与耳蜗传出调控频率范围基本一致;SOAE增强具有病理性临床意义.SOAE与耳蜗传出调控具有明显的临床相关性.     

瞬态诱发耳声发射

耳声发射是一种产生于耳蜗并逆向传至外耳，可在外耳道记录到的声能。它可分为无外界刺激的自发性耳声发射（spontaneousotoacousticemissions，SOAE），以及由声刺激所引起的诱发性耳发射（evokedotoacous－ticemissions，EOAE）。瞬态诱发耳声发射（transientlyevokedotoacoustice-missinns，TEOAE）是指由一种短暂的声刺激所引出的，由耳蜗进入外耳道的声能，它是EOAE的一种。1名词学自1978年Kemp报道了耳声发射以来，TEOAE－记号开始并不统一，曾使用过①刺激性耳声发射（stim－ulateacousticemissions）（Kemp1978）、②诱发…     

听神经瘤的耳声发射观察

目的 观察和分析听神经瘤的耳声发射特点,为评估听神经瘤患者的耳蜗功能和选择保护听力的术式提供参考依据.方法 对20例（22耳）听神经瘤患者行纯音听阈、阻抗、听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem response,ABR）、诱发性耳声发射（evoked otoacoustic emissions,EOAE）测试及CT和（或）MRI扫描,能引出EOAE的瘤耳检测其自发性耳声发射（spontaneous otoacoustic emissions,SOAE）和传出抑制功能.结果 28.57%听神经瘤耳能引出EOAE,按其畸变产物耳声发射（distortion product otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE）特点分为三型：①“耳蜗型”3耳;②“非耳蜗型”2耳;③“混合型”1耳;“非耳蜗型”耳能引出强大的SOAE;能引出EOAE的6耳均有内侧橄榄耳蜗传出系统功能障碍.结论 EOAE可精确分析听神经瘤患者的耳蜗（外毛细胞）功能,部分听神经瘤病人存在“离断耳”现象.耳声发射（otoacousticemissions,OAE）在诊断重度感音神经性聋（包括听神经瘤病人）方面有一定潜能.     

瞬态诱发耳声发射用于黄疸新生儿的听力筛查

目的：探讨瞬态诱发耳声发射（transient evoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)应用于新生儿黄疸听力筛查的可行性及临床意义。方法：采用前瞻性队列研究的方法对新生儿病房277例黄疸新生儿及50例健康新生儿应用CELESTA503耳声发射仪进行TEOAE检测，出院前和3个月后复查。结果：初查时黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为64．23％，健康新生儿TEOAE通过率为96％，两组检出率经统计学分析，有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。第一次复查黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为88％，第二次复查黄疸新生儿TEOAE通过率为100％。结论：TEOAE是快速可行的高危新生儿听力筛查方法；新生儿测试耳TEOAE的通过率与黄疸严重程度有关；黄疸对耳蜗的影响是可逆的。     

纯音听阈值正常的中青年耳鸣群体耳蜗功能分析

目的 通过纯音听阈值正常的中青年耳鸣群体的耳声发射结果探讨耳鸣群体的耳蜗功能对耳鸣发生的作用。方法 回顾性分析比较64例中青年耳鸣患者和30例纯音听阈值正常的无耳鸣人群畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission, DPOAE)、瞬态诱发耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emission, TEOAE)、自发性耳声发射(spontaneous otoacoustic emission, SOAE)的结果,并对SOAE的频率和耳鸣群体的耳鸣匹配频率进行分析和比较。结果 耳鸣组和对照组性别、年龄和平均纯音听阈阈值差异均无统计学意义(P=0.079,P=0.078,P=0.081)。耳鸣组和对照组DPOAE测试所有频率的通过率,除6 000 Hz(P=0.012)外,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。耳鸣组和对照组TEOAE测试所有频率的通过率两组之间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。对照组SOAE引出率为31.67%,频率范围分布在1 211～4 453 Hz;耳鸣组SOAE引出率...     

自发性耳声发射临床特性的研究

目的 :探讨国人自发性耳声发射 (SOAE)的特性。方法 :对 4 0例听力正常人和 96例听力下降者进行SOAE测试。结果 :①检出率依听力和病变部位不同有所差异 ,听力正常组约 4 9%可记录到SOAE ,性别间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;②SOAE反应频率范围主要在 0 .5～ 6 .0kHz,发射频率稳定 ,强度分布范围 - 2 8～6dBSPL ;③SOAE反应形式有个体差异 ;④反应幅度可被对侧声抑制。结论 :SOAE的出现提示相应频率部位耳蜗外毛细胞功能良好 ,但不是判断耳蜗功能正常的惟一指标     

正常青年人自发性耳声发射检测结果分析

目的：探讨正常青年人自发性耳声发射（spontaneous 0toacoustic emissions,SOAE）的特征。方法对40例（80耳）听力正常青年人进行自发性耳声发射检查,比较不同性别和年龄受试者的结果。结果①80耳中SOAE 的检出率为96．25％（77/80）,SOAE 的检出率及信号峰检出个数在不同性别、左右耳及年龄段（18～25岁与26～40岁）间无统计学差异（P＞0．05）;②80耳 SOAE 反应频率范围分布在438～4990 Hz,以756～2555 Hz为主,其中在1354 Hz 最易引出,出现频率最高;③SOAE 的振幅在－2．1～18．8 dB SPL,平均为3．16 dB SPL。结论SOAE 检出提示相应频率部位耳蜗功能正常。     

对感音神经性聋的几种耳声发射观察

采用耳动态分析仪ILO－92对369例感音神经性聋患者进行了畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）、瞬态诱恨性耳声发射（TEOAE）和自发性耳声发射（SOAE）测试。结果表明：DPOAE可以准确地反映患耳相应的频率损失范围，其出率和幅值与主观听阈水平有关。对所有患耳均进行了SOAE测试，检出率为9.4%，低于听力正常人49％的检出率；其中蜗后性听力损失耳的SOAE检出率为100％。由于任何早期的耳蜗病理变化均可对OAE作出反应，故它可对感音神经性听力下降患者的耳蜗功能作出早期预测和评估。     

背景噪声对新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射的影响

目的 分析背景噪声对新生儿瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)的影响.方法 对122例通过听力筛查的新生儿(244耳,女62例,男60例)分别以短声刺激行TEOAE检测,用quick TEOAE模式,叠加次数大于100次.并以背景噪声分组,比较安静组与噪声组之间TEOAE差异.结果 ①新生儿TEOAE的背景噪声为(33.94...     

自发性耳声发射与耳蜗传出调控的关系探讨

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between spontaneous otoacoustic emissions(SOAE) and efferent control of cochlea and their clinical significance. METHODS: SOAE, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and contralateral white noise (60 dB SPL) suppression of TEOAE and DPOAE experiments were conducted in 312 ears of 95 patients with retrocochlear impairment and/or MOCS dysfunction and 64 normal young adults. RESULTS: MOCS dysfunction was shown in 126 ears of 65 patients (130 ears) with auditory neuropathy, 2 ears of 2 patients with unilateral acoustic neuroma, 4 ears of 2 patients with hyperacusis, 14 ears of 26 patients(48 ears) with normal hearing level in unilateral or bilateral tinnitus. Stronger EOAE could be recorded in total 146 ears with MOCS dysfunction at any pure tone hearing level. SOAE could be recorded in 126 of 146 ears (86.3%) with MOCS dysfunction and 44 of 128 ears (34.3%) with normal hearing. SOAE of ears with MOCS dysfunction was mainly at frequencies from 0.693 to 3.055 kHz and SOAE of normal ears was at frequencies from 1.135 to 2.746 kHz. Average value of maximum amplitude of SOAE spectrum (-3.4 +/- 6.4) dB SPL was significantly greater than that in normal ears (-6.8 +/- 7.8) dB SPL (P < 0.01). The major frequency range of SOAE (0.693-3.055 kHz) in MOCS dysfunction ears was essentially consistent with that of efferent suppression in normal ears (0.7-3 kHz). CONCLUSION: The modulation of the cochlear active mechanisms by MOCS mainly presents in the low- and mid-frequency regions, these frequencies correspond to the frequency range of SOAE. Stronger SOAE indicates pathophysiological significance. There is a clear clinical relationship between SOAE and the efferent modulation of the cochlea.     

新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射差异的频谱特性分析

目的 比较新生儿与成人瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)的差异,并分析其频谱特性.方法 以短声刺激分别对120名通过听力筛查的新生儿(男58,女62)和32名平均纯音听阈(听力级)在20 dB以内的成年人(男15,女17)行TEOAE检测,对于测试结果 行频谱分析和半倍频程分析.结果 ①新生儿组TEOAE总强度(声压级,下同)为(15.18±4.39)dB,高于成人组的(9.51±4.12)dB,差异具有统计学意义(t=9.303,P<0.05).②新生儿的频带重复率、频带重复率非0比例、频带信噪比检出率及频带信噪比在第1频带(0.8 kHz)最低,在3.2 kHz最大;而成人在第5频带(4.0 kHz)处最低,在1.5 kHz最大.③新生儿与成人最大频带信噪比强度差为7.09 dB,二者出现的频率位置相差约1.7 kHz.④半倍频程分析显示新生儿TEOAE最大能量为(10.50±5.09)dB,在2828 Hz处,而成人为(2.84±5.33)dB,在1414 Hz处;二者最大反应在强度上相差7.66 dB,出现的频率位置相差1414 Hz.⑤成人1.5 kHz区的TEOAE信号最强,之后其信噪比随频带增高而降低,而新生儿信噪比却呈现随频带增高而增强的特征;从第1频带到第5频带,新生儿与成人TEOAE强度的差值随频带增高也逐渐增大.结论 成人TEOAE总强度低于新生儿.新生儿频带信噪比及半倍频程能量反应峰的分布频率及反应强度均高于成人.     

Maturation of the auditory system: 1. Transient otoacoustic emissions as an index of inner ear maturation

The transiently evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude of 42 preterm babies (84 ears; post-conceptional age [PCA] 30–36 weeks) was compared with the TEOAE amplitude of 39 full-term babies (78 ears; PCA 37–45 weeks) in order to trace the inner ear maturation characteristics. An ILO-92 otoacoustic emission recording system was used with linear clicks of 70 dB peak equivalent SPL. The results obtained indicated: (1) There was no statistically significant difference between preterm and full-term ears; (2) There was no significant difference between males and females; (3) There was a significant difference between left and right ear TEOAE amplitude; (4) The interaction of ear with age in relation to TEOAE amplitude was statistically significant; (5) Noise and stimulus parameters did not reveal any significant differences between right and left ears; (6) A positive correlation existed between birthweight and TEOAE amplitude; and (7) A negative correlation existed between aminoglycoside treatment and TEOAE amplitude. The results indicate subtle changes in TEOAE amplitude over time, showing a natural development of the inner ear function during the process of maturation.     

Maturation of the auditory system: 1. Transient otoacoustic emissions as an index of inner ear maturation

The transiently evoked otoacoustic emission amplitude of 42 preterm babies (84 ears; post-conceptional age [PCA] 30-36 weeks) was compared with the TEOAE amplitude of 39 full-term babies (78 ears; PCA 37-45 weeks) in order to trace the inner ear maturation characteristics. An ILO-92 otoacoustic emission recording system was used with linear clicks of 70 dB peak equivalent SPL. The results obtained indicated: (1) There was no statistically significant difference between preterm and full-term ears; (2) There was no significant difference between males and females; (3) There was a significant difference between left and right ear TEOAE amplitude; (4) The interaction of ear with age in relation to TEOAE amplitude was statistically significant; (5) Noise and stimulus parameters did not reveal any significant differences between right and left ears; (6) A positive correlation existed between birthweight and TEOAE amplitude; and (7) A negative correlation existed between aminoglycoside treatment and TEOAE amplitude. The results indicate subtle changes in TEOAE amplitude over time, showing a natural development of the inner ear function during the process of maturation.     

Influence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions on distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes

Although the influence of the levels and ratios of the primary stimulus on the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) has been studied intensely, the influence of the presence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) has been investigated less thoroughly. The present investigation analysed whether the unilateral presence of 58 SOAEs in 43 normal-hearing adults was related to larger DPOAEs in the ear with SOAEs compared to the contralateral ear having no SOAEs. The study was designed such that the only factor that could influence the amplitude of DPOAEs was the presence of SOAEs. Input/output (I/O) functions were collected in response to primary tones that were presented in 5-dB steps from 70 to 40 dB SPL at the frequency of the unilaterally recorded SOAE of each subject. The primary outcome was the demonstration of statistically significant (P<0.05) larger DPOAEs in ears exhibiting SOAEs than in ears without measurable SOAEs, except at the highest stimulus level of 70 dB SPL. These results suggest that SOAEs play an additive role in the measurement of DPOAEs. The enhancing effect of the unilateral presence of SOAEs on DPOAEs was statistically significant for 65 dB SPL and lower levels of primary tones. The authors speculate that passive cochlear properties begin to participate in the generation of DPOAEs at primary-stimulus levels greater than 65 dB SPL.     

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the barn owl

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE) were studied in a bird, the barn owl. They were found in 79% of the ears investigated, and each emitting ear generated on average 1.9 emissions. Their peak sound-pressure levels lay between −5.8 and 10.3 dB, and their centre frequencies between 2.3 and 10.5 kHz. The SOAE originated primarily in the upper quarter of the animal's hearing range, and derived from a specialized area previously described as being within an auditory fovea. Indeed, 93% of the emissions had centre frequencies above 7.5 kHz. The median of the frequency distances between neighbouring SOAE was 406 Hz (0.058 oct). The 3 dB bandwidth of the emissions depended on their amplitude above the noise: for SOAE whose level exceeded 10 dB above the noise floor, the 3 dB bandwidths ranged between 4.5 and 11.4 Hz. SOAE frequencies were temperature sensitive. Raising the temperature shifted the emissions to higher frequencies, and vice versa (the frequency shifted on average 0.039 oct/°C). External tones could suppress the level of SOAE, an effect that was highly tuned. For SOAE with frequencies between 2.5 and 10.5 kHz, the Q_10dB values of 2 dB iso-suppression tuning curves (STC) varied from 1.07 to 10.40. The best thresholds of 2 dB STC were generally below 15 dB SPL.     

A longitudinal study of changes in evoked otoacoustic emissions and pure-tone thresholds as measured in a hearing conservation program

Non-linear transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) at 74 dB pSPL, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at 65/45 dB SPL and pure-tone audiometry were used to detect noise-induced, inner ear changes in a longitudinal study. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were made on the Noise (n=69) and Quiet (n=42) groups. The Noise group's hearing thresholds increased by 1.2 dB and DPOAE amplitude decreased by ?0.9 dB. For both groups, TEOAE amplitude decreased by approximately ?0.6 dB. Eight of 12 ears with permanent threshold shift (PTS) and 10 of 13 ears with temporary threshold shift (TTS) showed TEOAE decrements or low baseline TEOAE amplitudes. Fewer TTS and PTS ears also showed DPOAE decrements, and there was never a DPOAE decrement without a corresponding TEOAE decrement or low TEOAE baseline. Some TTS ears showed permanent emission decrements. Although otoacoustic emissions show promise in detecting noise-induced inner ear changes, it is premature to use them in hearing conservation programs.     

Changes in spontaneous otoacoustic emissions produced by acoustic stimulation of the contralateral ear

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) were measured in human ear canals before, during and after presentation of tonal stimuli to the contralateral ear. Stimuli were presented in 1/8 octave steps from 2 octaves below to 1 octave above the SOAE frequency at sound levels below the observed contralateral acoustic reflex threshold. For certain conditions there was an abrupt upward frequency shift at stimulus onset. For a fixed level the effect was frequency selective; the maximum frequency shift was obtained with tones approximately 1/2 octave below the SOAE. SOAE amplitude usually decreased but in some cases increased or remained unchanged. When amplitude changes were observed, the maximum shifts were observed for tones at or near the SOAE frequency. Changes in SOAEs were not observed for stimulus levels below 60 dB SPL. The effect is believed to be mediated by medial efferent neurons of the uncrossed olivocochlear bundle which arise in the medial region of the superior olivary complex and terminate on outer hair cells (OHCs). These results support those models which attribute SOAE generation to OHCs, and are indicative of an efferent influence on cochlear mechanics. A simple model is presented that proposes that efferent activity alters the tuning of the emission generator by causing changes in OHC membrane conductance.     

The effect of longitudinal noise exposure on behavioral audiograms and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

The ear vulnerability of a group of combat soldiers was tested. The study initially included 84 soldiers and lasted two years. The soldiers were exposed to the noise of small-arms fire. Measurements included transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and pure-tone audiometry. Measurements, initially performed prior to the soldiers' basic training, were repeated several times during the study. In general, TEOAE levels (Em) decreased over time. About 57% of the ears developed a slight hearing loss (SHL) after two years of noise exposure. We define SHL as a threshold shift of 10 dB or greater, in at least at one of the audiometric frequencies 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz. About 63% of the tested ears that had medium TEOAE level (1 or =8 dB SPL), less than 30% developed SHL. We suggest a prediction for ear vulnerability on the basis of Em prior to noise exposure.