肝病性胆囊改变与胆囊炎性改变的多排螺旋CT鉴别诊断

目的　利用多排螺旋CT双期扫描 ,探讨肝病性胆囊改变与胆囊炎性改变的不同CT表现。方法　回顾性收集 80例胆囊有异常改变患者的CT图像及相关的临床资料 ,其中肝病组 5 0例 ,包括慢性肝炎 2 0例 ,肝硬变2 5例 ,肝硬变合并肝癌 5例 ;炎症组 30例 ,包括慢性胆囊炎 19例 ,急性化脓性胆囊炎 6例 ,胆囊炎合并急性胰腺炎3例 ,坏疽性胆囊炎 1例 ,黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎 1例。所有病例均行多排螺旋CT平扫和双期增强扫描。结果　①肝病组 4 8例 (96 % )胆囊壁均匀增厚 ,壁厚径 (3.6 7± 0 .4 9)mm ;38例 (76 % )胆囊轮廓清楚 ;38例 (76 % )胆囊壁有不同程度的强化 ;14例 (2 8% )合并胆囊床水肿和胆囊周围非游离性积液。②炎症组 2 8例 (93% )胆囊轮廓模糊不清 ;2 6例 (87% )胆囊壁均匀增厚 ,4例 (13% )胆囊壁不均匀增厚 ,壁厚径 (4.5 4± 1.14 )mm ;30例均有不同程度的胆囊壁强化 ;9例 (30 % )胆汁密度增高 ;4例 (13% )胆囊周围游离性积液 ;5例 (17% )胆囊床邻近肝组织出现动脉期一过性片状强化 ;1例囊壁小脓肿 ;1例囊腔积气。结论　多排螺旋CT双期增强扫描有助于鉴别肝病性胆囊改变和胆囊炎性改变。     

循“A-B-D”路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术与常规路径腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎的对比研究

目的探讨循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术在急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎手术治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性收集2019年9月至2020年12月期间于乐山市人民医院采用循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的45例急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎病例作为观察组(ABD观察组),同时收集2018年1月至2019年8月期间在乐山市人民医院采用常规路径腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的50例急性化脓性和坏疽性胆囊炎病例(常规对照组)作对比,比较2组患者的安全性和有效性相关参数。结果本研究纳入ABD观察组45例(急性化脓性胆囊炎26例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎19例),常规对照组50例(急性化脓性胆囊炎24例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎26例)。2组患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数、疾病类型、胆囊情况、术前合并症等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后ABD观察组无胆管损伤病例,常规对照组发生胆管损伤4例(8.0%),但2组的胆管损伤发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.054);术中ABD观察组中转开腹1例(2.2%),中转开腹率低于常规对照组(10例,20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.017)。其他手术相关指标包括手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血发生率和术后出血发生率2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论循"A-B-D"路径的腹腔镜胆囊切除术可以清晰地辨明胆囊管与肝外胆管的解剖结构,能够有利于防止胆管损伤,并能降低中转开腹率,值得临床尤其是区县基层医院推广应用。     

早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗轻中型急性胆囊炎的临床研究

目的探讨早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ELC)与延迟腹腔镜胆囊切除术(DLC)治疗轻中型急性胆囊炎的临床价值。 方法选取2017年12月至2018年12月期间收治的80例轻中型急性胆囊炎患者(Grade分级：Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级),根据随机数字表法分为ELC组(急性胆囊炎发作≤72 h)与DLC组(急性胆囊炎发作>72 h)各40例。采用SPSS21.0统计学软件进行统计分析,术中术后临床指标以平均数±标准差表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率组间比较采用卡方检验;P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。 结果ELC组与DLC组手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率[7.5%比12.5%, P＝0.456]、并发症发生率[27.5%比20.0%,P＝0.431]差异均无统计学意义;ELC组患者住院时间[(11.26±1.65) d比(16.48±1.76) d, χ²＝2.164, P＝0.034]短于DLC组患者;两组患者术前,术后1 d、 3 d、 7 d的白细胞数及中性粒细胞比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论ELC治疗轻中型急性胆囊炎与DLC临床治疗效果相当,但是可以缩短住院时间,降低住院成本。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎127例

探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗老年急性化脓性胆囊炎的效果。选取2013年5月—2015年5月收治的252例老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,将患者随机分为对照组125例,观察组127例,对照组患者予以传统的开腹胆囊切除术治疗,观察组患者予以腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后肠道恢复时间、并发症发生率、手术成功率等。观察组患者的手术时间(42.16±10.31)min、住院时间(6.75±1.23)d、术后肠道功能恢复时间(3.17±1.00)d,均明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量(61.15±14.32)mL、并发症发生率(7.09%),均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的手术成功率(98.43%vs96.80%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在老年急性化脓性胆囊炎患者中应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术,能有效缩短患者的手术时间,减少术中出血量,缩短住院时间,促进患者术后肠道功能的恢复。     

急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术100例分析

研究慢性胆囊炎急性发作与首次发病急性胆囊炎的患者分别行腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术效果分析。回顾性分析2015年1月—2017年1月急性胆囊炎住院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例。其中慢性胆囊炎急性发作50例为慢性组,首次发病急性胆囊炎50例为急性组。对两组患者均于发病72 h内行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹或造瘘率、胆囊完整切除率、手术并发症(胆管损伤和术后胆瘘)及术后住院时间。手术时间:慢性组(94.16±31.05)min,急性组(70.06±23.46)min;术中出血量:慢性组(100.00±30.67)m L,急性组(60.00±15.83)m L;术后住院时间:慢性组(6.30±2.78)d,急性组(4.50±1.23)d。慢性组与急性组手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。中转开腹手术:慢性组3例,中转率6%(3/50),急性组0例,中转率为0;中转腹腔镜胆囊造瘘术慢性组3例,急性组1例。变更手术方式(中转开腹+造瘘)两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中胆管损伤、术后胆瘘发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。胆囊未完整切除,行胆囊部分切除术:慢性组10例,急性组3例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。首次发病急性胆囊炎患者72 h内行腹腔镜胆囊切除术在手术时间、术中出血量、胆囊完整切除率及术后住院时间上均优于慢性胆囊炎急性发作患者。但在中转手术方式及手术并发症方面差异无统计学意义。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗合并胆囊管结石嵌顿的急性胆囊炎疗效观察

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗合并胆囊管结石嵌顿的急性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法:回顾分析2016年1月至2022年4月收治的37例合并胆囊管结石的急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,患者均行急诊LC,术中采用不同方法处理嵌顿结石、闭合胆囊管,分析术中处理方法及术后并发症情况。结果:37例均顺利完成LC,无中转开腹;手术时间45～130 min,平均(72.0±20.6)min;出血量10～150 mL,平均(33.0±29.0)mL;术后住院4～10 d,平均(5.2±1.4)d。术后共发生胆管并发症4例(10.8%),其中胆漏2例、胆总管结石1例、胆总管结石伴迟发胆漏1例;术后剑突下切口感染2例(5.4%);并发症经积极处理后患者均痊愈出院。术后病理报告示急性化脓性胆囊炎26例,急性坏疽性胆囊炎11例。结论:LC治疗合并胆囊管结石嵌顿的急性胆囊炎是安全、有效的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗合并糖尿病的急性化脓性胆囊炎96例分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗急性化脓性胆囊炎合并糖尿病患者的手术时机、可行性及安全性。方法:回顾分析2012年2月至2015年4月为96例合并糖尿病的急性化脓性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料。结果:88例于72 h内成功施行LC,1例因合并严重哮喘,经控制血糖、保守治疗1周后行LC;2例行B超引导下经皮、经肝胆囊穿刺引流72 h后行LC;2例行胆囊大部切除术;3例因胆囊包裹、粘连致密、解剖不清,其中1例合并肝脓肿而中转开腹。手术时间平均(80±25)min,术中出血量平均(90±20)ml。术后切口感染1例,经保守治疗痊愈;肝脓肿形成1例,经皮肝穿刺引流后治愈。平均住院(9±4)d。结论:积极控制血糖、掌握合适的手术时机后行LC,治疗合并糖尿病的急性化脓性胆囊炎是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎患者效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎患者的效果。方法选取2016-01—2018-03间在长垣县人民医院接受胆囊切除的71例高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,按不同术式分为2组。开腹组35例行传统开腹手术,腹腔镜组36例行LC手术。结果腹腔镜组手术时间、术中出血量及术后VAS评分、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和并发症发生率均优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后疼痛轻、并发症少,有利于患者康复。     

超声引导经皮胆囊穿刺引流术治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎

目的探讨超声引导经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术(PTGD)治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎的效果。方法选取2014-06—2017-06间濮阳市人民医院收治的56例高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎患者。将接受PTGD的患者作为观察组,将接受行腹腔镜胆囊造口术的患者作为对照组,各28例。回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果观察组引流术后并发症发生率及CRP、WBC计数、凝血功能恢复正常时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者引流术后,感染均得到控制,全身情况明显改善出院。均于3个月后拔除引流管,顺利完成Ⅱ期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。未发生术中副损伤及术后胆漏和继发出血等并发症。2组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊造口术和PTGD治疗高龄急性化脓性胆囊炎,各有优势和不足。临床医生应根据患者的病情、家属的意愿及医院的条件和设备,个体化进行选择,以确保患者治疗的安全。     

急性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术135例体会

目的总结急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验体会。方法对2015年1月至2017年2月本院135例急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的进行回顾分析,根据患者急性胆囊炎感染严重程度分为重度感染组(65例)和轻度感染组(70例),采用SPSS 19.0统计软件处理数据。两组患者术中术后的各项指标,如手术时间、术中出血、住院天数等采用t检验;术后并发症率、中转开腹率采用卡方检验。P0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果 130例患者成功完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,5例患者中转开腹,均为重度感染组,中转开腹率7.7%;重度感染组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数均多于/大于轻度感染组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后并发症率重度感染组(12.3%)明显高于轻度感染组(7.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组均无胆管损伤、胆漏等严重并发症及死亡病例。结论急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜手术安全、可行。     

Predictive factors for bactibilia in acute cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis is well established as one of the high-risk factors bactibilla and wound infection. However, many patients with acute cholecystitis do not have bactibillia. Therefore, we analyzed 20 clinical and laboratory parameters in 49 patients with acute cholecystitis to determine which factor(s) predicted bactibilla. Twenty-one (42.9%) of 49 patients with pathologically proved acute cholecystitis had positive bile and/or gallbladder wall cultures. Univariate analysis suggested that a preoperative temperature greater than 37.3 degrees C, a total serum bilirubin level greater than 8.6 mumol/L, and a white blood cell count greater than 14.1 x 10(9)/L were the best predictors of bactibilia. Multifactorial analysis demonstrated that the 17 patients with zero or one predictive factor had a significantly lower chance of having bactibilia than the 32 patients with two or three predictive factors (6% vs 63%). We concluded that the culture status of patients with acute cholecystitis can be predicted preoperatively. We propose that patients with acute cholecystitis and zero or one of the predictive factors receive a single preoperative antibiotic dose. In patients with two or three predictive factors, antibiotics should be continued until culture data are available.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients: an analysis of 69 patients

BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment of acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis continues to be a difficult therapeutic problem. With the development of more advanced radiological imaging techniques, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCS) has been presented as an effective treatment alternative in critically ill patients. This paper reports our experiences of percutaneous cholecystostomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis in a well defined high-risk patient group. METHODS: The data concerning 69 high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis treated by percutaneous cholecystostomy in Oulu University Hospital and Kokkola Central Hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: Ultrasound showed gallbladder stones in 71% (49/69) of the patients and 29% of them presented with acalculous cholecystitis. After PCS, pain diminished in 94% (61/65), fever in 90% (35/39), CRP values in 87% (53/61) and leucocyte count in 84% (46/55) of the patients. Before PCS, the CRP value was 132+/-106 mg/l and after PCS 79+/-73 mg/l (P = 0.001) and corresponding leucocyte counts were 14.7+/-5.0 and 9.3+/-3.2 (P = 0.001), respectively. The antegrade cholecystocholangiography was performed in 29 patients after PCS, and common bile duct stones were detected in 8 patients; these stones were treated by endoscopic papillotomy. Complications after PCS occurred in 17 patients (26%), but only two patients required emergency laparotomy. Mortality was 19% (13/69). Acute cholecystitis alone was the cause of death in only three patients. Mostly, fatal outcome was caused by the serious underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: According to our results, PCS should be the method of choice in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis.     

Morphine cholescintigraphy in the evaluation of hospitalized patients with suspected acute cholecystitis.

OBJECTIVE: The authors determined if the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis can be accurately made or reliably eliminated by the use of morphine-augmented radionuclide cholescintigraphy (morphine cholescintigraphy [MC]) in hospitalized patients in whom the diagnosis is in doubt. SUMMARY/BACKGROUND DATA: Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, calculous or acalculous, may be difficult in patients hospitalized for abdominal pain or other illnesses. Clinical signs often are obscure, and routine imaging studies are nonspecific or associated with a high incidence of false-positive tests. The authors report the use of MC in the evaluation of 163 hospitalized patients for acute cholecystitis over an 8-year period. METHODS: All patients suspected to have acute cholecystitis initially had standard cholescintigraphy performed, which showed nonvisualization of the gallbladder, and then were given morphine sulfate (0.05-0.1 mg/kg, intravenously). Patients were divided into the following three groups: I--acute abdominal pain (N = 53); II--hospitalized for associated illness (N = 49); and III--critically ill (N = 61). RESULTS: Overall, MC confirmed the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 75 patients (46%), including 23 cases of acalculous cholecystitis. Visualization of the gallbladder occurred within 60 minutes of intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in all patients. Cystic duct obstruction and, presumably, the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was excluded in 79 patients, including 38 who were critically ill. There were eight false-positive and one false-negative studies. Morphine cholescintigraphy had a sensitivity of 99%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 0.9, a negative predictive value of 0.99, and an overall accuracy of 94%. CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalized patients with nonvisualization of the gallbladder after standard cholescintigraphy, MC is highly accurate, especially in predicting the absence of acute cholecystitis in patients with known risk factors.     

Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis. A retrospective study of a series of 192 patients operated on over a period of 3 years]

Emergency conditions make laparoscopic treatment of acute cholecystitis challenging. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyse our experience of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis performed between January 1995 and December 1997. In order to be included, patients had to present (i) symptoms of acute cholecystitis correlated with laboratory blood tests and ultrasonographic studies (ii) evidence of acute inflammation during the operation and (iii) histological confirmation of acute or subacute inflammation of the excised gallbladder. 192 patients were treated: 62 were totally managed laparoscopically (group CCN), 33 managed laparoscopically but required conversion to open cholecystectomy (group CCC) and 97 were managed conventionally by laparotomy (group CL). Mean age was significantly different between the three groups, (CCN: 55.6 +/- 15 years, CCC: 64.2 +/- 13 years, CL: 66.5 +/- 17 years), as was ASA score (CCN: ASA 3 and ASA 4: 16%, CCC: ASA 3 and ASA 4: 48%, CL: ASA 3 and ASA 4: 46%), and initial infectious signs (temp. > or = 38 degrees C: CCN: 35%, CCC: 39%, CL: 63%). Mean operative delay was significantly higher in the converted group [8.7 +/- 13 days (CCC) vs 4.5 +/- 8 days (CCN) and 5.4 +/- 8 days (CL)]. There were two (1%) bile duct injuries, one in the CCC group, the other in the CL group. Operative mortality was 2% (CCC: 0%, CCN: 0%, CL: 4%) and operative morbidity was 40% (CCN: 21%, CCC: 24%, CL: 57%). The mean postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the CCN group (6.5 +/- 3.5 days) and CCC group (9.6 +/- 4.4 days) vs the mean stay in the CL group (14.7 +/- 11.6 days). Appears to be beneficial for selected patients with low surgical risk to conclude laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It has yet to be shown whether this benefit can be extended to patients with a high surgical risk.     

Predictive factors for developing acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis in patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy: A retrospective study

Background/Objective: We evaluated the risk of acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy for gallstones.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 168 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallstones after conservative therapy. We compared clinical data of 20 patients who developed acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis while waiting for cholecystectomy (group A) with 148 patients who did not develop (group B). We investigated surgical outcomes and risk factors for developing acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis.ResultsPreoperatively, significant numbers of patients with previous history of acute grade II or III cholecystitis (55.0% vs 10.8%; p < 0.001) and biliary drainage (20.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.004) were observed between groups A and B. White blood cell counts (13500/μL vs 8155/μL; p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein levels (12.6 vs 5.1 mg/dL; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in group A than in group B; albumin levels (3.2 vs 4.0 g/dL; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in group A. Gallbladder wall thickening (≥5 mm) (45.0% vs 18.9%; p = 0.018), incarcerated gallbladder neck stones (55.0% vs 22.3%; p = 0.005), and peri-gallbladder abscess (20.0% vs 1.4%; p = 0.002) were significantly more frequent in group A than in group B. A higher conversion rate to open surgery (20.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.004), longer operation time (137 vs 102 min; p < 0.001), and higher incidence of intraoperative complications (10.0% vs 0%; p = 0.014) were observed in group A, compared with group B.ConclusionA history of severe cholecystitis may be a risk factor for acute cholangitis and/or cholecystitis in patients waiting for surgery; it may also contribute to increased surgical difficulty.     

彩色多普勒超声对急性胆囊炎LC难度的预测价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声(color Doppler flow imaging, CDFI)检查对急性胆囊炎LC难度的预测价值.方法 99例因急性胆囊炎行LC的患者,根据术前CDFI检查的指标(胆囊容积、胆囊壁厚度及血流信号、胆囊腔、胆囊床和肝内外胆管的情况)评分分为容易组和困难组;根据术中难度评分分为手术容易组和手术困难组,评估其对手术难度的预测价值.结果 术前CDFI预测容易组和困难组分别为67例和32例;根据术中难度评分,手术容易组和手术困难组分别为61例和38例.术前CDFI预测困难组与容易组比较,胆囊容积增大[(39.5±13.2)cm3 vs(32.6±10.4)cm3],胆囊壁增厚[(10.1±4.0)mm vs(3.8±0.9)mm],胆囊颈结石嵌顿、胆囊壁血流信号丰富和胆囊粘连的患者多于容易组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.820,-12.318,-3.952,x2=33.548,19.461,P<0.05).以胆囊容积、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊颈结石嵌顿、胆囊周围粘连情况为预测指标,急性胆囊炎术前CDFI预测LC难度准确率为94%(93/99).结论 术前CDFI检查有助于掌握急性胆囊炎LC适应证,对手术难度预测具有指导价值.     

Acute cholecystitis in patients over 70 years old

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease is the most common surgical indication in the elderly. Post-operative prognosis is severe in elderly with acute cholecystitis. Aim of this paper is to investigate the factors responsible for the severe prognosis and to detect how it could be improved. METHODS: One hundred fifty-seven patients, aged between 70 and 85 years (average 82 years), undergoing cholecystectomy between the years 1990 and 2000 have been studied; 65 patients (group A) had acute cholecystitis; 92 (group B) had uncomplicated gallbladder stones. RESULTS: Acute cholecystitis was the first symptom of gallstone disease in 69.2%. Laparocholecystectomy was performed in 31 cases (47.6%) of group A and in 58 cases (63.7%) of group B. In those cases with acute cholecystitis the postoperative morbidity (18.4%) was higher than in group B (1.0%), (A vs B: chi(2)=15.3; p<0.001). Similarly, postoperative mortality was higher (6.1% vs 1.0%; chi(2)=3.2; p<0.05) The severe postoperative prognosis was correlated significantly to index ASA (ASA II vs IV: chi(2)=7.0; p<0.001) but not to the technique adopted for cholecystectomy (VLC vs open: (chi)2=0.01; p=n.s.). The results obtained seem to confirm that the high incidence of postoperative complications in acute cholecystitis is due to the presence of associated diseases in elderly patients accompanied by the septic state. CONCLUSIONS: Early colecystectomy, in those cases with symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstone disease, might avoid severe postoperative prognosis in the elderly.     

Acute noncalculous cholecystitis following gastrectomy for gastric cancer--study by ultrasonic examination

In 190 patients who were operated for gastric cancer, incidence of post-operative noncalculous acute cholecystitis was studied. Twenty four patients was diagnosed as postoperative acute cholecystitis mainly by ultrasonic examination. As the sonographic appearance of 24 diagnosed cases, gallbladder distention was observed in 6 cases (25%), a thickened gallbladder wall in 19 cases (79%), intraluminal echoes within the gallbladder in 20 cases (83%) and sonolucent layer around the gallbladder in 14 cases (58%). In many cases clinical symptoms were so mild that without ultrasound they might be dealt with fever of unknown origin. With regard to treatment, conservative therapy by antibiotics was performed in 18 cases and ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in 6 cases. In many cases, sludge demonstrated during the initial stage of acute cholecystitis remained for long period. In 6 cases, intraluminal echoes gradually changed into gallstones. Frequency of postoperative acute cholecystitis was 12.6% (24/190)--Subtotal gastrectomy: 8.4% (11/131), total gastrectomy: 23.0% (11/48) and proximal gastrectomy: 18.2% (2/11). In cases of Appleby operation, incidence was especially high--27.0% (10/37). Acute cholecystitis after gastrectomy for gastric cancer is not so rate complication as considered previously.     

Delayed laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis with severe fibrotic adhesions

Background  Conversion rate to open surgery is higher for patients with acute cholecystitis than in those without acute cholecystitis. We attempted to develop a laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy to decrease this conversion rate. Methods  From 2000 to 2005, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was performed in 60 patients (22 women, 38 men). Patients were divided into two groups: group A (2000 to 2002, n = 22) and group B (2003 to 2005, n = 38). When significant difficulty was encountered dissecting the gallbladder from its bed, we incised the gallbladder wall leaving the posterior wall and cauterizing the remnant mucosa (subtotal cholecystectomy, SC-1). When dissection of the gall bladder neck and triangle of Calot was difficult, the neck of the gallbladder was sutured despite clipping (SC-2). Results  Mean duration from onset of symptoms to operation was 55.3 ± 52.0 days. SC-1 was performed in 8 patients in group A and 18 patients in group B. SC-2 was performed in three patients in Group B. Conversion rate was 18.1% (4/22) in group A and 0% (0/38) in group B, compared to 0.4% (1/221) for patients without acute cholecystitis. No complications were associated with ablated gallbladder mucosa. Conclusion  Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy offers safe and effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. The conversion rate in group B is decreased by avoiding hazardous dissection of the cystic duct.     

腹腔镜手术治疗老年急性胆囊炎的临床体会（附46例报告）

目的：探讨老年急性胆囊炎患者的手术方式及手术时机的选择。方法：回顾分析46例高龄腹腔镜胆囊切除（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）患者的手术情况及术后恢复情况。结果：44例（95.65%）成功完成LC,2例（4.35%）中转开腹。手术时间30-180 min,平均（48±2）min;术中出血量50-200 ml,平均（92±3）ml;术中困难主要为胆囊三角冰冻样粘连、急性期化脓坏疽。术中患者均放置胆囊窝引流管,除2例少量胆漏延迟拔管外,余者均于48 h内拔管。术后住院6-10 d,平均（7.0±0.3）d。结论：术前把握手术适应证,加强合并症的围手术期处理,术后加强监护,为老年急性胆囊炎患者行LC是安全、可靠的,可作为首选治疗方案。