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1.
Aim
To investigate the significance of isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and to analyze the response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) booster vaccination in young adults with isolated anti-HBc who had been fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine as infants.Materials and methods
We screened 1734 new university entrants who had been fully vaccinated against HBV in infancy for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and anti-HBc upon university entry. Results positive for isolated anti-HBc were reconfirmed by testing for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc once more, and further evaluated for anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and HBV DNA status 6 months later. Students were also offered HBV booster vaccinations at that time. Geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs after one booster dose of HBV were compared between students with isolated anti-HBc and students with HBV naïve status.Results
The overall prevalence of isolated anti-HBc in our student cohort was 1.2% (21 of 1734). No evidence of occult HBV infection was observed. A “booster” anamnestic response (anti-HBs titer ≥10 mIU/mL) was noted in 95% (20 of 21) of subjects with isolated anti-HBc. After re-measurement of anti-HBc, 13 (62%) of the 21 subjects with isolated anti-HBc were reclassified as having resolved HBV infection with a loss of anti-HBs. In the remaining 8 subjects (38%), isolated anti-HBc was determined to be false positive. The HBV status of these 8 subjects was HBV naïve due to the waning-off effect of anti-HBs of the neonatal HBV vaccination. There was no significant difference in anamnestic response to a single HBV booster dose of vaccine between students with isolated anti-HBc (n = 13) and those with HBV naïve (n = 323) status (GMT 50.6 vs 47.7 mIU/mL, P = 0.90).Conclusion
The presence of isolated anti-HBc 18 years after HBV vaccination can be attributed to post-HBV infection with a loss of anti-HBs and to a decline in anti-HBs elicited by vaccine. A single HBV booster dose of vaccine is recommended for subjects with isolated anti-HBc who were fully vaccinated with HBV vaccine as infants. This finding needs to be replicated in further studies with larger cohorts. 相似文献2.
Background
This study is aimed to investigate if there was increased risk of HBV acquisition among first graders in Taiwan during a 3-year follow-up period.Methods
A total of 1545 healthy first graders, who were vaccinated against HBV in infancy, were recruited in 2005. All subjects were checked for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Nucleotide sequence of the “a” determinant of HBsAg was determined by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing in the HBsAg carriers.Results
Among 1545 subjects, 0.78% were HBsAg seropositive, 54.30% were anti-HBs seropositive, and 1.68% anti-HBc seropositive. Three of the 10 HBV carriers (30%), whose HBV DNA were sequenced for the S gene, had surface antigen mutants at the “a” determinant.Conclusion
There were no new chronic HBV infections in this cohort of children for two consecutive years. HBV S gene vaccine escape mutants did exist in the vaccine-failure population, but they may not have made a major health impact. 相似文献3.
Xiaofeng Liang Shengli Bi Weizhong Yang Longde Wang Gang Cui Fuqiang Cui Yong Zhang Jianhua Liu Xiaohong Gong Yuansheng Chen Fuzhen Wang Hui Zheng Feng Wang Jing Guo Zhiyuan Jia Jingchen Ma Huaqing Wang Huiming Luo Li Li Shuigao Jin Stephen C. Hadler Yu Wang 《Vaccine》2009
Objective
To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core anti-body (anti-HBc) in a representative population in China 14 years after introduction of hepatitis B vaccination of infants.Methods
National serosurvey, with participants selected by multi-stage random sampling. Demographics and hepatitis B vaccination history collected by questionnaire and review of vaccination records, and serum tested for HBsAg, antibody to anti-HBc and anti-HBs by ELISA.Findings
The weighted prevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc for Chinese population aged 1–59 years were 7.2%, 50.1%, 34.1%, respectively. HBsAg prevalence was greatly diminished among those age <15 years compared to that found in the 1992 national serosurvey, and among children age <5 years was only 1.0% (90% reduction). Reduced HBsAg prevalence was strongly associated with vaccination among all age groups. HBsAg risk in adults was associated with male sex, Western region, and certain ethnic groups and occupations while risk in children included birth at home or smaller hospitals, older age, and certain ethnic groups (Zhuang and other).Conclusions
China has already reached the national goal of reducing HBsAg prevalence to less than 1% among children under 5 years and has prevented an estimated 16–20 million HBV carriers through hepatitis B vaccination of infants. Immunization program should be further strengthened to reach those remaining at highest risk. 相似文献4.
Liping Shen Fuzhen Wang Feng Wang Fuqiang Cui Shuang Zhang Hui Zheng Yong Zhang Xiaofeng Liang Shengli Bi 《Vaccine》2012
Objective
To evaluate the long-term efficacy and duration of yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-endemic areas.Method
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in five HBV-endemic areas. Children who were born between 1997 and 2008 and vaccinated with yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine were selected. Serum samples were taken to test HBV infection markers by microparticle enzyme immunoassay, and the results were compared to those before vaccination.Results
7066 subjects were enrolled. The average adjusted hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence was 1.02%. HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) prevalence was 3.54%. The overall percentage of HBsAg(−)&Anti-HBc(−)&Anti-HBs(+) was 61.34%. With time after immunization, the percentage annually decreases from 86.11% in 2008 to 49.80% in 1997. Geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs decreased significantly annually. The portion of GMC = 100–999.9 mIU/ml was 48.0% in 2008, and decreased to 16.7% in 1997.Conclusion
HBsAg prevalence decreased dramatically. This shows that the yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is effective and stable after being used for 12 years in HBV-endemic areas. It is not suggested to carry out booster immunization. 相似文献5.
Marcin Rybacki Anna Piekarska Marta Wiszniewska Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa 《International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health》2013,26(3):430-439
Objectives
Hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) are among the most frequent blood borne pathogens. According to WHO, 5% of healthcare workers (in central Europe), are exposed to at least one sharps injury contaminated with HBV per year, 1,7% — contaminated with HCV.Aims
The aims of the study were to determine prevalence of HCV and HBV infections, vaccination efficacy against hepatitis B and usefulness of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing in prophylactic examinations in healthcare workers (HCWs).Material and Methods
In a group of 520 healthcare workers, a survey, laboratory and serologic tests such as ALT, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBcT and anti-HCV were carried out.Results
The study revealed a low rate of workers with presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV (1,2% and 0,8% respectively). Anti-HBcT was found in 99 subjects (19%) without a significant association with experiencing an occupational percutaneous injury. Being vaccinated against HBV was declared by 90% of the subjects. There was no relationship between ALT level rise and positive HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HBcT tests.Conclusion
A seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers in HCWs found in the study is low and similar to the one found in general population. Current or past hepatitis B infections were independent of needle stick injuries. Vaccination against HBV coverage, although found to be high, should improve to 100%. Occupational prophylactic medical examinations found performing ALT test (obligatory in Poland for HCWs) not helpful. It seems that determination of anti-HBcT and anti-HCV status would be essential in pre-employment medical examinations. 相似文献6.
Objective
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell derived hepatitis B vaccine in country community in China.Methods
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out. Children who were born between 1997 and 1999 and vaccinated with the three doses of CHO-derived hepatitis B vaccine were selected as study objects. Their serum samples were taken to test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, and the results were compared to that before vaccination. In addition, for HBsAg positive children, their mothers were visited.Results
1254 Children were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of HBsAg was 0.24% and the vaccine efficacy was 97.0%, similar to that of yeast derived hepatitis vaccines. Among 3 mothers of HBsAg positive children, 2 were HBsAg positive, indicating maternal HBV transmissions.Conclusion
The long-term efficacy of the CHO-derived hepatitis B vaccine is good and after vaccination maternal transmission is the most important route of spreading HBV. 相似文献7.
Background
In the Netherlands, different hepatitis B vaccination schedules have been used for children born to HBV-infected mothers. All schedules included a birth dose of hepatitis B immunoglobuline (HBIg). We assessed determinants of perinatal HBV transmission and determinants of anti-HBs titers in infants born to HBsAg positive mothers.Methods
We included infants born to HBV infected mothers between 1.1.2003 and 30.6.2007, using national databases and a separate database for Amsterdam. Risk factors for perinatal transmission and determinants of the anti-HBs titer were studied using logistic and linear regression, respectively.Results
Of 2657 infants registered in the national database, 91% were registered to have received HBIg and at least three hepatitis B vaccinations. In Amsterdam, this coverage among 413 children at risk was higher (96%, p < 0.01). Serological test results for 2121 infants (80%) indicated that 13 (0.6%) were HBsAg positive. A mother of Chinese descent was the only risk factor for perinatal HBV infection identified (RR 9.1, 95% CI 3.1–26.8). Receiving a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine later than in the first week of life was not associated with an increased risk of perinatal HBV infection. A shorter period between last vaccination and testing, and having received more doses of hepatitis B vaccine were independently associated with a higher anti-HBs titer.Conclusions
Infants born to Chinese mothers were at increased risk of perinatal HBV infection. All HBsAg positive pregnant women of Chinese origin should be assessed to determine whether there is an indication for anti-viral treatment during pregnancy. Among infants who received HBIg at birth, we did not detect an increased risk of perinatal HBV infection when the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine was administered after the first week of life. 相似文献8.
PURPOSE
The decision and ability of primary care clinician to make recommendations for routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are shaped by knowledge of their patient’s risk behaviors. For men who have sex with men, such knowledge requires disclosure of same-sex sexual behavior or sexual identity.METHODS
Data were analyzed from a national survey of rural men who have sex with men (N = 319) to understand whether the disclosure of sexual identity to clinicians was associated with increased uptake of HIV testing and hepatitis vaccinations.RESULTS
We found that disclosure of sexual identity to clinicians was significantly associated (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.47) with uptake of routine HIV testing and HAV/HBV vaccination.CONCLUSION
Our finding reinforces the need for safe, nonjudgmental settings for patients to discuss their sexual identities freely with their clinicians. 相似文献9.
Jung-Ta Kao Jing-Houng Wang Chao-Hung Hung Yi-Hao Yen Shu-Fen Hung Tsung-Hui Hu Chuan-Mo Lee Sheng-Nan Lu 《Vaccine》2009
Aims
To assess the differences of long-term efficacy between plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines and the effectiveness of catch-up vaccination in adolescents with undetectable anti-HBs.Methods
Before 1992, infants born in Taiwan were immunized using plasma-derived HB vaccine, and thereafter, by using recombinant HB vaccine. From the only junior middle school of a rural township in central–southern Taiwan, 1788 (93.7%) students from five cross-sectional screenings, grouping into three birth cohorts (Group I: born during 1984–1986, II: 1986–1992 and III: 1992–1995), were enrolled for checking HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Students with undetectable HBsAg and anti-HBs underwent a booster dose (2.5 ug) of recombinant HB vaccine (Engerix-B; GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) and had anti-HBs re-checked 3 weeks later. Individuals who had remained undetectable for anti-HBs completed the other two doses of HB vaccines at 1 and 6 months later.Results
The prevalence of HBsAg (11.4, 5.4 and 1.2%), anti-HBs (64.5, 44.1 and 36.0%) and anti-HBc (29.5, 12.5 and 4.4%) decreased from Group I to III (P < 0.001 for trends). After a booster dose, the positive rates of anti-HBs increased up to 80.5% (16% increase) in Group I, 81.0% (36.9% increase) in Group II, and 94.4% (58.4% increase) in Group III. The percentages of anamnestic response increased with a trend (P < 0.001). A total of 110 non-responders completed 3 doses of catch-up HB vaccination, but 3 cases (2.7%) of Group II, evoked primary vaccination response.Conclusion
Recombinant vaccine showed predominant disappearance rate (62.7%) of anti-HBs 12–15 years after vaccination, but provided better anamnestic response after a booster dose. It also showed high success rate (97.3%) in catch-up vaccination in adolescents. 相似文献10.
Suk-Yong Jang Sung-In Jang Hong-Chul Bae Jaeyong Shin Eun-Cheol Park 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2015,48(2):74-83
Objectives:
To examine the sex-specific factors associated with being unaware of one’s hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity status in a large, HBsAg-positive population of Koreans.Methods:
In total, 1197 subjects aged 19 years or older who were HBsAg-positive according to data from the 2007-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. Subjects were considered unaware of their HBsAg seropositivity status if they answered that they had no knowledge of being previously infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or diagnosed with HBV hepatitis. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance estimate were used to assess the significance of the variables using weighted frequencies.Results:
The majority (77.8%) of HbsAg-positive Korean adults (females, 81.9%; males, 74.6%) were unaware of their HBsAg seropositivity status. We found that sex (female: prevalence ratio [PR] 1.19), household income (low: PR, 1.15), marital status (never married: PR, 1.18), self-rated health (moderate: PR, 1.14; good: PR, 1.12), and alcohol use (at least 2-3 times/wk: PR, 1.21) were associated with being unaware. In females, age (50 to 59 years: PR, 1.29; ≥70 years: PR, 1.30), household income (low: PR, 1.37; middle–low: PR, 1.24), and marital status (never married: PR, 1.33) were associated with being unaware. In males, self-rated health (moderate: PR, 1.14; good: PR, 1.21) and alcohol use (at least 2–3 times/wk: PR, 1.21) were associated with being unaware.Conclusions:
Factors related to the socioeconomic status of females and the health-related behaviors of males were found to be associated with being unaware of one’s HBsAg seropositivity status. 相似文献11.
目的探讨深圳市儿童乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行现状及乙肝疫苗应用效果。方法采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样方法抽取调查户,对深圳市1～14岁常住人口进行问卷调查并采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc。采用Epidata 3.2软件建立调查数据库,利用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理分析,两组之间率比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查1～14岁儿童1 653人,HBsAg阳性率2.06%,抗-HBs阳性率74.53%,抗-HBc阳性率5.32%,HBV感染率9.62%。有乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童1 349人,HBsAg阳性率1.85%、抗-HBs阳性率75.02%、抗-HBc阳性率4.60%及HBV感染率5.41%;无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童92人,HBsAg阳性率4.35%、抗-HBs阳性率68.48%、抗-HBc阳性率10.87%及HBV感染率73.91%;有无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义,(χ2=7.14、457.83,P均<0.01)。乙肝疫苗免疫3年以内儿童601人,其中HBsAg阳性率为0、抗-HBs阳性率73.71%、抗-HBc阳性率2.0%、HBV感染率2.0%;免疫7～9年183人,其中HBsAg阳性率5.46%、抗-HBs阳性率79.23%、抗-HBc阳性率8.74%、HBV感染率11.48%。乙肝疫苗不同免疫年限儿童抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.53、36.88、43.75,P均<0.01)。结论持续保持较高的乙肝疫苗接种率,可以有效降低乙肝流行率。研究和推行乙肝疫苗加强免疫策略也是乙肝防治工作重点之一。 相似文献
12.
Effectiveness of a Chinese hamster ovary cell derived hepatitis B vaccine in Chinese rural communities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a Chinese hamster ovary cell derived hepatitis B vaccine in a country community in Hebei Province, PR China.Method
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in 4 of 7 randomly selected country communities in Zhengding County in 2005. All of the children who were born between 1997 and 1999 were selected as study objects. Their serum samples were taken to test for HBV markers, and HBsAg prevalence was compared to that of the same age group before hepatitis B vaccination in 1983. In addition, for HBsAg positive children, their mothers were visited and tested for serum HBV markers, in order to distinguish maternal HBV transmissions.Results
Among the 2205 children of the selected birth cohort, 1696 (76.9%) were visited. The prevalence of HBsAg was 0.53%, and by comparing to that of before hepatitis B vaccination, the effectiveness was 95.3%, similar to that of yeast derived hepatitis B vaccines. Among 7 mothers of HBsAg positive children, 5 were HBsAg positive, indicating maternal HBV transmissions; and although one mother was HBsAg negative, her kid was not vaccinated, which indicates a horizontal transmission. As for the other kid, he was adopted and the HBV infection status of his birth mother was unknown.Conclusion
The effectiveness of the CHO derived hepatitis B vaccine is comparable to yeast derived ones, and after the hepatitis B vaccination maternal transmission is the most important route of spreading HBV. 相似文献13.
Background
Clinical studies for testing new drugs against hepatitis B ought to be carried out in low prevalence areas despite difficulties on patient recruitment. In such areas, relatives of chronic hepatitis B patients are considered to be at risk of acquiring the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBV markers (anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs) in familial members of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to their origin (Asian or Western) in a low prevalence area, the city of São Paulo, Brazil.Methods
Twenty three Asian CHB probands and their 313 relatives plus 31 CHB probands of Western origin and their 211 relatives were screened for HBV serological markers; the study was carried out in the outpatient clinic of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine.Results
Mother to child transmission was greater in the Asian group whereas sexual transmission was more frequent in the Western group (p < 0.0001). Anti-HBc was positive in 90% and 57% of the Asian and Western parents (p = 0.0432) and in 97% and 33% of the Asian and Western brothers (p = 0.0001), respectively. HBsAg was more frequent among the Asian (66%) than the Western (15%) mothers (p = 0.0260) as well as among the Asian (81%) than the Western (19%) brothers (p = 0.0001). We could detect 110 new HBsAg-positive subjects related to the 54 index patients, being the majority (81%) of Asian origin.Conclusion
In low prevalence area of hepatitis B, family members and household contacts of chronic HBV carriers are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis B.14.
Introduction
Hepatitis B vaccination starting at birth provides a safety net for infants exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) during delivery or in early life. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended in the United States for infants prior to birthing facility discharge, and within the first 12 h of life for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers. We performed a literature review and summarized the response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine among infants.Methods
Studies published between 1987 and 2011 assessing seroprotection from recombinant hepatitis B vaccine starting within the first 30 days of life were eligible. Seroprotection was defined using an antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) threshold of 10 mIU/mL at series completion. Infant seroprotection was compared in trial arms varying by maternal hepatitis B antigen status (e antigen [HBeAg], HBsAg), hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration, birth weight, vaccine dosage, schedule, and age at first dose.Results
Forty-three studies were included. The median seroprotection proportion overall was 98% (range 52%, 100%). The final median seroprotection proportions did not vary appreciably by maternal HBsAg status, HBIG administration, or schedule. Higher compared to lower dosage resulted in earlier increases in anti-HBs but not in final seroprotection proportions. Infants with birth weights <2000 g compared to ≥2000 g had lower median seroprotection proportions (93% and 98%, respectively). Median seroprotection proportions were also lower when infants with birth weights <2000 g were vaccinated at 0–3 days of age compared to 1 month of age or older (68% versus 95%, respectively).Conclusion
High levels of protection from recombinant hepatitis B vaccine are achieved in term infants vaccinated at birth, effectively preventing transmission of HBV and resultant morbidity and mortality. Implications, if any, for long-term protection are unknown for differences in responses among infants vaccinated at birth compared to ages older than 1 month. 相似文献15.
Aaron M. Harris Alexander J. Millman Meredith Lora Ademola Osinubi Jennifer Lom Lesley S. Miller 《Vaccine》2019,37(16):2188-2193
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection testing among persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is necessary to appropriately care for these patients, yet uptake of HBV testing and vaccination in this population is suboptimal.Methods
In a retrospective cohort analysis, we describe the prevalence of hepatitis B testing, linkage to hepatitis B care, and hepatitis B vaccination in patients with HCV infection within a large urban safety-net health system. Using a registry of HCV-infected patients with patient-level electronic health record data, that included demographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 2004 to 2016 from Grady Health System in Atlanta, GA, we describe (1) The prevalence of hepatitis B testing (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], core antibody [anti-HBc], surface antibody [anti-HBs]); (2) The proportion of HBsAg-positive persons receiving HBV DNA and e-antigen (HBeAg) as indicators for linkage to hepatitis B-directed care; and (3) The proportion of persons receiving hepatitis B vaccine.Results
Of 4224 HCV-infected patients, 3629 (86%) had test results for HBsAg and 43 (1.2%) were HBsAg-positive. Of 2342 (55%) with test results for all three HBV serological markers, median age was 60 years, 67% were male, and 83% were African-American, 789 (34%) anti-HBc positive only, 678 (29%) anti-HBc/anti-HBs positive, 190 (8.1%) anti-HBs positive only, and 642 (27%) were HBV-susceptible. Of HBsAg-positive patients, 21% received HBV DNA and 40% HBeAg testing. The proportion of HBV-susceptible patients receiving at least 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine was 322/642 (50%).Conclusions
In a large cohort of HCV-infected patients, we found a high prevalence of current or past HBV infection, but there were gaps in complete hepatitis B testing, hepatitis B-directed care, and hepatitis B vaccination. Strategies are needed to increase hepatitis B testing, linkage to care, and administration of the hepatitis B vaccine for HCV-infected persons in this healthcare system. 相似文献16.
Cristina Stasi Mirko Monnini Valerio Cellesi Marco Salvadori Daniele Marri Mateo Ameglio Andrea Gabbuti Teresa Di Fiandra Fabio Voller Caterina Silvestri 《Vaccine》2019,37(11):1412-1417
Background and Aim
Vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly effective in preventing HBV infection. The aims of this study were to (1) increase the epidemiological knowledge on the impact of HBV in Tuscany region prisons by registering the results of serum screening on a clinical medical record and (2) increase the anti-HBV vaccination using an accelerated schedule.Methods
Our study population was composed of all detainees present in prisons and all constrained from freedom or at institutions in the Tuscany region and not vaccinated at these facilities from 1 December 2016 to 31 May 2017.Results
Of 17 detention facilities in the Tuscany region, 15 were enrolled in the study. On 28 February 2017, there were 3068 detainees present in these institutions. Considering the 1075 subjects screened for HBV serum markers, 730 (67.9%) were susceptible to infection and needed to be vaccinated. Five hundred and ninety-six agreed to be vaccinated (82%); 27 (2.5%) of our subjects had an isolated anti-HBc, 20 (1.9%) were HBV infected (HBsAg+), 127 (11.8%) had previous HBV infection (anti-HBs+, anti-HBc+ and HBsAg?), and 171 had been previously vaccinated. Five hundred and fifty-five inmates (95.1%) received the first vaccine dose, and 404 (83%) underwent the third dose at day 21.Conclusion
This study showed that of a high percentage of subjects who underwent screening, more than half needed to be vaccinated. Moreover, our study reached very high levels of vaccination coverage, considering both the entire enrolled population and the new inmates. 相似文献17.
Background:
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infections are a serious global and public health problem. To assess the magnitude and dynamics of disease transmission and for its prevention and control, the study of its seroprevalence is important. A private hospital catering to the needs of a large population represents an important center for serological surveys. Available data, at Rajasthan state level, on the seroprevalence of these bloodborne pathogens is also very limited.Objective:
A study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C (anti-HCV Ab) and human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV Ab) in both the sexes and different age groups in a hospital-based population in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Materials and Methods:
Serum samples collected over a period of 14 months from patients attending OPDs and admitted to various IPDs of Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, were subjected within the hospital-based lab for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV Ab and anti-HIV Ab using rapid card tests. This was followed by further confirmation of all reactive samples by a microparticle enzyme immunoassay (Abbott AxSYM) at Super Religare Laboratories (formerly SRL Ranbaxy) Reference Lab, Mumbai.Results:
The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.87%, of anti-HCV Ab as 0.28%, and of anti-HIV Ab as 0.35%.Conclusion:
The study throws light on the magnitude of viral transmission in the community in the state of Rajasthan and provides a reference for future studies. 相似文献18.
A. Malarnitsi-Puchner S. Papacharitonos D. Sotos L. Tzala M. Psichogiou A. Hatzakis A. Evangelopoulou S. Michalas 《European journal of epidemiology》1996,12(3):297-301
Aim of the study was to record the prevalence of the various types of viral hepatitis, especially hepatitis B, in pregnant Albanian refugees in Greece. The study comprised 500 pregnant refugees of mean age 25:1 ± 4,6 years. In Albania, all women had lived in overcrowded houses and had been exposed to non throw-away needles and syringes. Various indices for all hepatitis types were determined. The prevalence of HBsAg was 13.4%, of anti-HBs 53%, of total anti-HBc 70.8%, of anti-HBc IgM 0.4%, of HBeAg 1.2%, of anti-HBe 58.6%, of anti-HAV 96.2%, of anti-HAV IgM 1%, of anti-HDV 0.4%, of anti-HCV 0.6% and of anti-HEV 2%. HBeAg was found positive in 7.5% of HBsAg carriers. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers, as determined by HBsAg and/or anti-HBs and/or total anti-HBc was significantly higher in those with a history of previous hospitalization in Albania (p = 0.01) and those with previous history of hepatitis (p = 0.02). The high prevalence of hepatitis B markers in pregnant Albanian refugees proves that HBV infection is highly endemic in Albania and the possibility of perinatal transmission to the offsprings urges for HBV vaccination programmes. On the other hand improvements in the socioeconomic conditions and the sanitation system in Albania is anticipated to reduce the incidence of HAV and HBV infections. 相似文献
19.
Lin SY Liu JH Lin CC Wang SM Tsai CA Chou CY Kuo HL Wang IK Liu YL Lin HH Huang CC 《Vaccine》2011,29(21):3738-3741
Background and objectives
The available information about maintaining effective immunity after hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in dialysis patients is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether a difference exists in the persistence of immunity between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We compared the decay rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers after HBV vaccination between HD and PD patients.Design, setting, participants, and measures
A total of 103 HD and 53 PD patients who were completely vaccinated were enrolled. We examined their anti-HBs titers at the 1st month after vaccination then annually thereafter. Changes in the anti-HBs titers were assessed by comparing annual geometric mean titers (GMTs).Results
The slopes of the anti-HBs titer decay rates plotted on a logarithmic scale for the HD and PD groups were −23.41 and −31.48, respectively. The decay rate of the PD group was significantly faster than that of the HD group (P = 0.0053).Conclusion
The decay rate of anti-HBs titers in the PD group was faster than that in the HD group. Hepatitis B vaccination could not offer long-term protection in HD or PD patients. Post-vaccination testing every 6-12 months is necessary and revaccination may be protective in dialysis patients, especially in hyper-endemic areas of hepatitis B infection. 相似文献20.
Ching-Feng Lin Shiing-Jer Twu Ping-Ho Chen Jror-Serk Cheng Jung-Der Wang 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2010,20(3):231-236