Primary ectopic thyroid papillary carcinoma in the floor of the mouth and tongue: a case report

We report a rare case of papillary carcinoma in the tongue and floor of the mouth with metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. Treatment was by total thyroidectomy with right radical lymph node dissection of the neck, followed by 60 Gy of radiotherapy and 100 mCi (131)I. Pathological examination of the thyroid gland showed no primary cancer. We review publications about ectopic thyroid and the value of antithyroglobulin immunostaining for diagnosis and treatment of the tumour.     

Bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases in a patient with double advanced cancer of the head and neck

A case of advanced gingival cancer is described. The cancer invaded into the mandible and skin of the cheek and was associated with cervical lymph node metastases, mediastinal lymph node metastases, and bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases. The patient received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and local immunotherapy, followed by curative surgery for the primary and neck lesions. Histopathological examination of the primary cancer and the upper and middle cervical nodes (n = 7) indicated a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Sections of the lower cervical nodes (n = 5) revealed well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, suggesting that the mediastinal and pulmonary lesions were of thyroid origin. After total thyroidectomy and mediastinal dissection followed by treatment with radioiodine, the multiple pulmonary nodules disappeared. There has been no evidence of recurrent tumour for 5 years.     

cN0舌癌患者颈淋巴结转移的区域分析

目的探讨cN0舌癌患者颈淋巴结转移的区域分布情况,为cN0舌癌患者颈淋巴清扫的术式选择提供参考。方法取61例cN0舌癌患者根治性颈淋巴清扫术后标本,收集各平面区域的淋巴结进行病理切片,分析其淋巴结转移情况及各区域的分布。结果 20例患者发现淋巴结转移,转移率32.8%,811颗淋巴结中62颗证实有转移,占7.6%。其中平面Ⅰ为11.0%（26/237）,平面Ⅱ为8.2%（20/243）,平面Ⅲ为6.0%（13/218）,平面Ⅳ为3.5%（3/85）,平面Ⅴ无淋巴结转移。结论 cN0舌癌患者仍有较高的颈淋巴结转移率,转移淋巴结主要分布于平面Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,少部分转移至平面Ⅳ,选用肩胛舌骨上颈淋巴清扫术最好扩展至平面Ⅳ。     

Management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and N0-neck.

AIM: For lower lip carcinoma, an incidence of 15% of cervical lymph node metastasis at presentation is generally accepted. This is an argument in favour of an expectant approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the different approaches to the clinically negative neck: prophylactic neck dissection, prophylactic neck irradiation and follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The retrospective study included 200 patients with lower lip carcinoma. The following data were evaluated: (1) the incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with a clinically negative neck; and (2) pathological confirmation of cervical lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: In the group undergoing prophylactic neck dissection, lymph node metastasis was found microscopically in 20% of the cases. More than half of the patients receiving prophylactic radiotherapy developed bulky neck lymph node metastases. Out of the patients attending the 2-year follow-up 64% developed a clinically positive neck. Cervical lymph node metastases in these patients was proven microscopically in 88% of cases. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of a clinically positive neck, along with the high incidence of neck node metastasis found in neck dissection specimens suggest that elective neck dissection is the treatment of choice for the neck in patients with lower lip carcinoma.     

舌根恶性多形性腺瘤双颈淋巴结转移（附病例报告）

目的：研究舌根恶性多形性腺瘤（MPA）双侧颈淋巴结内癌转移的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。方法：对舌根恶性多形性腺瘤双侧颈淋巴结内癌转移病例,分析其临床表现、影像学表现、诊疗过程及组织病理学特征,并进行文献回顾。结果：本文病例为老年男性,首诊症状为颈侧上部无痛肿物,鼻咽镜检查发现舌根无痛性肿物,钳取活检为中分化鳞状细胞癌,行舌根肿瘤扩大切除及双侧改良根治性颈淋巴清扫术,术后病理为舌根恶性多形性腺瘤,恶性成分为鳞状细胞癌,可见淋巴管内瘤栓,双侧Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区颈淋巴结内癌转移（18/42）。术后放疗50Gy,随访1年,未见肿瘤复发与转移。结论：舌根MPA极罕见,双侧颈淋巴结内癌转移病例,经文献检索未见报告。手术彻底广泛切除原发灶并行颈清扫术,辅以放疗,预后良好。     

Collision metastasis of squamous carcinoma of the oral tongue and incidental thyroid papillary carcinoma to a single cervical lymph node

The incidence of collision tumor is exceedingly rare. There are only four published case reports. This is the first report of a case of collision metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue and incidental thyroid papillary carcinoma to the same cervical lymph node. A 47-year-old man with SCC of the oral tongue at clinical stage T4N1M0 was treated with total glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection. During neck dissection, concomitant secondary foci of thyroid papillary carcinoma were identified in the same cervical lymph node as SCC (collisional metastasis). The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy and was alive without any recurrences at 25 months after the operation.     

A single cervical lymph node metastasis of malignant ameloblastoma

IntroductionCervical node metastasis of malignant ameloblastoma is extremely rare. Because of its rarity, there is no standard treatment modality in a single lymph node metastasis in malignant ameloblastoma.Materials and methodsEleven patients of malignant ameloblastoma involving a single cervical lymph node metastasis and one new case were reviewed. Neck treatment was classified into neck dissection and simple excision. Local nodal recurrence, distant metastasis and follow-up periods were investigated.ResultsEight patients were treated with neck dissection (group A) and four patients underwent a simple node excision (group B). Two patients in group A experienced multiple organ metastases such as liver and lung seven months and 13 years after neck dissection respectively. The other patients showed no recurrence and metastasis. In group B, there was no report of a regional neck recurrence and distant metastasis during follow-up of 1–7 years.ConclusionMultiple nodes metastasis requires a radical neck dissection; however, simple excision with close follow-up may be used in a single node metastasis in malignant ameloblastoma.     

Development of follicular lymphoma of the cervical lymph nodes in a postoperative patient with tongue cancer

Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are at an increased risk of developing second malignancies. Most commonly, these second primary malignancies are squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region, but also noted are esophageal cancer or lung cancer. Hematologic malignancies are uncommon second malignancies. Diagnosis can be challenging, particularly when a patient suffers metastases of squamous cell carcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes in addition to synchronous or metachronous malignant lymphoma that originates in the cervical lymph nodes. This article describes a case of primary follicular lymphoma in the cervical region that was discovered during a postoperative follow-up after partial glossectomy and neck dissection for tongue cancer.     

cN0头颈鳞癌哨位淋巴结示踪法的研究进展

颈部哨位淋巴结是头颈部鳞癌最早发生转移的淋巴结,其所在位置及有无转移或微转移,是决定是否行区域性颈淋巴清扫的一个重要指标。对于哨位淋巴结阴性的cN0患者,为减少过度治疗,精确定位哨位淋巴结十分重要。目前多采用示踪法检测哨位淋巴结,本文就其判断cN0头颈鳞癌隐匿性转移的研究进展作一综述。     

Relevance of level IIb neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of level IIb metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).

Material and Methods

A prospective analysis of 56 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment of the primary lesion with simultaneous neck dissection was performed. During neck dissection, level IIb lymph nodes were separately removed and processed. Neck dissection was bilateral in 26 patients (46%) and unilateral in 30 patients (54%).

Results

The mean number of nodes found in the level IIb specimens was 4.7 (range: 0-8 nodes). The prevalence of metastasis at level IIb was 0% in pN0 necks and 3.4% in pN+ necks, with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. A significant association between metastasis to level IIb and type of neck dissection was observed. There were no isolated metastases to level IIb without the involvement of other nodes in the remaining neck specimen. Four regional recurrences were observed during follow-up.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, we suggest that dissection of the level IIb region in patients with OSCC may be required only in patients with multilevel neck metastasis or if level IIa metastasis is found intraoperatively. Key words: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, neck dissection, level IIb, metastasis, spinal accessory nerve.     

纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂在cN0舌鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴清扫术中的应用

目的 探讨纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂在cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者颈淋巴清扫术中的应用价值。方法 选取96例cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为纳米炭组（试验组,50例）和对照组（46例）,其中纳米炭组患者于术前12 h在距离肿块边缘0.5 cm处黏膜下多点注射纳米炭混悬注射液（每个注射点0.1 mL,共计3~4个注射点）。根据原发肿瘤的大小及部位选择行肩胛舌骨肌上（Ⅰ~Ⅲ区）或全颈（Ⅰ~Ⅴ区）淋巴清扫术。标本离体后解剖、分离所有淋巴结,并行病理学检查,记录检获的淋巴结数目、大小、部位、病理结果。将试验组与对照组所得数据进行比较,采用SPSS 19.0统计软件包进行统计学分析。结果 31例患者行肩胛舌骨肌上颈淋巴清扫术,共检出淋巴结1 137枚,纳米炭组平均每例检出淋巴结数（43.79±19.23）枚,显著高于对照组的（30.82±8.77）枚（P=0.019）,两组均以Ⅲ区检出的淋巴结数最多,但纳米炭组Ⅱ区检出的淋巴结数及构成比均显著高于对照组（P=0.000）。65例全颈淋巴清扫术共检出淋巴结3 938枚,纳米炭组平均每例检出淋巴结数为（66.67±20.02）枚,对照组为（53.03±20.98）枚,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.026）,两组在各区（Ⅰ~Ⅴ区）检出淋巴结数的构成比的差异无统计学意义（P=0.354）。两种颈淋巴清扫术式中,纳米炭组检出微小淋巴结的比例和检获淋巴结的准确率均高于对照组（P=0.000）;纳米炭组中染色淋巴结癌转移的检出率高于未染色的淋巴结（P=0.000）。结论 纳米炭淋巴结示踪剂可以显著提高cN0舌鳞状细胞癌患者颈淋巴清扫术中淋巴结特别是微小淋巴结的检出率,有助于提高颈淋巴清扫术的彻底性和患者临床病理分期的准确性。     

Distant bone metastases from carcinoma of the lip: a report of four cases

The lip is estimated to be the most frequent location for carcinoma of the oral cavity. It occurs more frequently in men, especially those with a history of exposure to sunlight. Despite the usually effective management, regional and occasionally distant metastases do occur, especially in advanced stages. In this retrospective analysis of patients with labial carcinoma presenting with distant bone metastases in 1995-2003, the extremely limited number of patients did not allow for multivariate data analysis. From a cohort of 415 patients presenting with lip lesions, 186 cases were diagnosed as carcinoma and managed accordingly. Four patients (2.14%) showed distant bone metastases, one with concurrent axillary node metastasis. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, case management and survival were evaluated. The distant metastasis patients were of clinical stages II-IV; initial management was wide local excision with reconstruction for all cases, with one undergoing concurrent neck dissection and one adjuvant radiotherapy. Time for distant bone metastasis was 9-21 months, subsequent survival 3-14 months and overall survival 13-35 months. Distant metastases from labial carcinoma are rare, not exceeding 2%. Metastasis to bone and axillary lymph nodes is exceptionally rare and can be attributed to either inadequate initial management or aggressive tumour behaviour.     

Reliability of sentinel lymph-node extirpation as a diagnostic method for malignant melanoma of the head and neck region

A series of 106 patients with malignant melanoma of the head and neck and clinically negative local lymph-node status were included in a multimodal therapy programme and underwent sentinel lymph-node extirpation in 1999-2003. Out of 246 preoperatively marked lymph nodes, only 172 (70%) were identified intraoperatively and removed. In 89% of all patients at least one sentinel lymph node was removed. Histological examination revealed metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes of 17 patients. In the mean follow-up period of 47 months (range 4-76 months), regional lymph-node metastases were found in another eight patients. The non-marked lymph nodes that were often removed at the same time, in an elective cervical lymph-node dissection, did not reveal any metastasis in any of the cases where the sentinel lymph nodes were negative. The sensitivity of sentinel lymph-node extirpation was influenced by the length of the follow-up period and the detection rate, and was 68% (17/17+8), a result superior to that of any other diagnostic tool. Sentinel lymph-node extirpation is a valuable method in addition to elective lymph-node dissection.     

Clinicopathological study of involvement of the submandibular gland in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Our purpose was to provide a pathological basis for preservation of the submandibular glands during neck dissection for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by investigating whether intraglandular lymph nodes exist in submandibular glands, and the modes of involvement of submandibular glands in oral SCC. We studied the records of 95 patients with oral SCC (other than that in the floor of the mouth) treated at our hospital from January 2017 to June 2018. The specimens of submandibular glands discarded after neck dissection were analysed, and serially sectioned. Sections 5 μm thick were obtained at 0.5 mm intervals and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for examination under light microscopy. A total of 116 specimens were obtained from the 95 patients, and about 5000 slides were evaluated. No intraglandular lymph nodes were detected in the submandibular glands. In the subgroup of patients whose primary tumours had extended into the floor of the mouth, four submandibular glands were involved by direct spread of the primary tumour. In the subgroup with metastases to level Ib lymph nodes, four submandibular glands were involved by extranodal extension from the metastatic nodes. No intraglandular lymph nodes or micrometastases were detected. We conclude that no intraglandular lymph nodes are present in submandibular glands, which may be involved by direct extension of the primary carcinoma or metastatic cervical lymph nodes with extranodal extension. Preservation of the submandibular glands during neck dissection seems to be feasible and safe in selected patients with oral SCC.     

肩胛舌骨上颈清扫术对cN0口腔癌患者颈部复发影响的Meta分析

目的:评价肩胛舌骨上颈清扫术对cN0口腔癌患者颈部转移及复发的影响。方法:评价国内外1985～2004年公开发表的关于肩胛舌骨上颈清扫术与根治性颈淋巴清扫术对cN0口腔癌患者颈部转移及复发影响的对照研究,研究组接受肩胛舌骨上颈清扫术,对照组为根治性颈淋巴清扫术,结局变量为研究组与对照组颈部区域转移及复发率,应用RevMan4.2.2进行Meta分析。结果:肩胛舌骨上颈清扫组的转移及复发优势比OR=1.34,95%置信区间[0.74,2.43],表明肩胛舌骨上颈清扫组与根治性颈清扫组比较,对cN0口腔癌患者术后颈部转移及复发影响的差异无统计学意义。结论:对于cN0口腔癌患者的颈部淋巴结处理,肩胛舌骨上颈淋巴清扫术与根治性颈淋巴清扫术的治疗效果一样,无显著差异。但由于某些偏倚因素可能影响结果,此结论仅供参考,尚需待新研究出现时予以再次论证。     

鼻唇沟微笑切口入路在后颊癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨应用鼻唇沟微笑切口入路进行后颊癌根治手术的可行性并评价其临床效果。方法 选取2016年8月—2017年3月间行手术治疗的23例后颊癌患者,完成颈部淋巴结清扫术后,在口角外1 cm处的鼻唇沟内设计切口线,即微笑切口。切口呈弧形,向上至鼻翼外下缘,向下与颈淋巴清扫术切口连续。结果 23例患者的原发灶术中显露满意,切缘肿瘤细胞均为阴性。术后随访12~22个月,平均16.5个月,所有患者恢复良好,未见肿瘤复发及远处转移。开口度基本恢复正常,面部切口仅在鼻唇沟处遗留隐蔽的类似“微笑”样的瘢痕。结论 经鼻唇沟微笑切口入路切除后颊癌,术野显露满意,手术操作便利,在不影响肿瘤根治的前提下避免了对患者口裂完整性的破坏,有助于患者开口度的恢复,切口瘢痕隐蔽,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻唇沟微笑切口入路在后颊癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨应用鼻唇沟微笑切口入路进行后颊癌根治手术的可行性并评价其临床效果。方法 选取2016年8月—2017年3月间行手术治疗的23例后颊癌患者,完成颈部淋巴结清扫术后,在口角外1 cm处的鼻唇沟内设计切口线,即微笑切口。切口呈弧形,向上至鼻翼外下缘,向下与颈淋巴清扫术切口连续。结果 23例患者的原发灶术中显露满意,切缘肿瘤细胞均为阴性。术后随访12~22个月,平均16.5个月,所有患者恢复良好,未见肿瘤复发及远处转移。开口度基本恢复正常,面部切口仅在鼻唇沟处遗留隐蔽的类似“微笑”样的瘢痕。结论 经鼻唇沟微笑切口入路切除后颊癌,术野显露满意,手术操作便利,在不影响肿瘤根治的前提下避免了对患者口裂完整性的破坏,有助于患者开口度的恢复,切口瘢痕隐蔽,值得临床推广应用。     

原发性鳃裂癌的临床特点及预后

目的　探讨原发性鳃裂癌临床特点及预后。方法　对5例原发性鳃裂癌的临床特点、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析。结果　5例原发性鳃裂癌行肿物扩大切除及根治性颈淋巴结清扫术,术后放射治疗。其中3例有区域性淋巴结转移:1例取出15个淋巴结者有13个有转移,1例取出8个淋巴结者有4个转移。2例在术后8个月和1年内因肿瘤局部复发及远处(肺)转移死亡,1例在术后2年内死亡。2例随访5年,健在。结论　术前与鳃裂囊肿的临床特点极为相似。对颈上部无痛性肿物且有区域性淋巴结肿大者应考虑本病。常规术中快速冰冻切片确诊。肿物扩大切除加根治性颈部淋巴结清扫术可提高治愈率及生存率。     

Management of the neck in patients with T1 and T2 cancer in the mouth

Our aim in this retrospective study was to evaluate the extent of control of metastatic disease in the neck and the survival of patients with T1 and T2 oral cancer. METHODS: All 171 patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the mouth were identified from our computerised database. All had had primary tumours resected and 21 patients with palpable neck nodes had therapeutic neck dissections. Among 150 patients with no palpable nodes, 75 had elective neck dissections, and 75 were observed. The decision to do an elective neck dissection was based on clinical criteria and was not randomised. RESULTS: Cervical nodes contained metastases in 17 of 21 patients who had therapeutic, and 27 of 75 who had elective, neck dissections. Neck metastases developed subsequently in 15 of 75 patients in the observed group, and 9 of these were salvaged by therapeutic neck dissection. The 5-year disease free survival was 19/21 after therapeutic dissection, 72/75 after elective dissection, and 69/75 in the observed group. Patients with cervical nodal metastases had significantly reduced 5-year survival compared with those without (63% and 91%, P = 0.003).     

颊黏膜鳞癌颈淋巴结隐匿性转移的临床研究

目的:探讨颊黏膜鳞癌隐匿性转移规律。方法:1992-01～2004-12月在南京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科行颈淋巴清扫术的颊黏膜鳞癌cN0患者69例,男性31例,女性38例,年龄31～79岁,平均58.2岁。颈部的处理采用根治性颈淋巴清扫术、功能性颈淋巴清扫术或肩胛舌骨上颈淋巴清扫术。结果:颊黏膜鳞癌颈淋巴结隐匿性转移率为14.49%(10/69),转移到Ⅰ区为10.14%(7/69)、Ⅱ区为5.80%(4/69)、Ⅲ区为2.90%(2/69);T1颈部隐匿性转移率为9.52%(2/21)、T2为15.38%(6/39),T3、T4例数较少,其中4例T3中有1例转移,5例T4中有1例转移;高、中分化鳞癌颈部隐匿性转移率分别为14.89%(7/47)、10.00%(2/20),低分化鳞癌例数较少,2例中有1例转移。结论:认识颊黏膜鳞癌颈部淋巴结隐匿性转移特征,对制定颈部治疗方案具有重要意义。