MTA1蛋白在Ⅱa期食管癌组织中的表达及意义

目的观察Ⅱa期食管癌中MTA1蛋白表达及与患者预后的关系。方法收集55例Ⅱa期食管癌患者手术切除标本,采用免疫组化SP法检测MTA1蛋白表达情况,随访2 a观察纵隔淋巴结转移复发情况。结果食管癌组织中MTA1蛋白表达阳性30例、阴性25例,随访2 a分别有17例、5例出现术后纵隔淋巴结转移复发,MTA1蛋白表达阳性者复发率显著高于阴性者,P〈0.05（2χ=0.012 9）;MTA1蛋白表达与肿瘤低分化及淋巴结转移复发均呈显著正相关（r=0.319、0.373）。结论Ⅱa期食管癌组织中存在MTA1蛋白过表达,且与术后肿瘤纵隔淋巴结转移复发有关;此对Ⅱa期食管癌患者预后分析和术后辅助治疗有重要指导意义。     

食管鳞癌组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶和增殖细胞核抗原的表达及意义

目的探讨食管鳞癌组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达与食管癌临床病理因素的关系。方法用免疫组化法检测2009年1至4月山东省泰安市中心医院52例食管鳞癌组织和20例癌旁正常组织iNOS与PCNA的表达,计数PCNA标记指数（PCNA LI）。食管鳞癌组织及癌旁正常组织iNOS蛋白阳性表达率、PCNA LI比较分别采用χ2检验、t检验;食管癌组织iNOS阳性表达者与iNOS阴性表达者PCNA LI比较采用t检验;不同临床病理因素食管鳞癌组织iNOS蛋白表达、PCNA LI比较分别采用χ^2检验、t检验、方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验;食管鳞癌组织iNOS蛋白与PCNA蛋白表达的关联性分析采用χ^2检验。结果食管鳞癌组织iNOS阳性表达率、PCNA LI均高于癌旁正常组织,且差异均有统计学意义[63.5%（33/52）与10.0%（2/20）比较,χ^2=14.455,P〈0.01;（53.29±14.55）与（2.65±1.82）比较,t=24.593,P〈0.05]。食管癌组织中,iNOS阳性表达者的PCNA LI高于iNOS阴性表达者,且差异有统计学意义[（60.89±9.98）与（40.08±11.53）比较,t=6.842,P=0.000]。不同临床分期、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移患者的食管鳞癌组织iNOS蛋白表达差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.372,P=0.025;χ^2=12.784,P=0.002;χ2=6.361,P=0.012）。随着食管鳞癌组织癌细胞分化程度的降低PCNA LI升高,中分化和低分化的食管鳞癌组织PCNA LI明显高于高分化的食管鳞癌（q=6.000、7.378,P均〈0.05）。有淋巴结转移的食管鳞癌组织PCNA LI高于无淋巴结转移的食管鳞癌组织,且差异有统计学意义[（56.26±13.14）与（45.21±15.62）比较,t=2.556,P=0.014]。iNOS的表达与PCNA的表达有关联（χ^2=20.022,P=0.000）。结论 iNOS与PCNA蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中均有较高的阳性表达,且表达有关联。两者可能存在共同的激活机制,iNOS和PCNA蛋白表达与食管癌的恶性进程有关。     

胃癌组织中MTA1,PTEN,E-cadherin的表达及其相互关系

目的:观察MTA1,PTEN,E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌和正常胃黏膜组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌浸润、转移和生物学行为的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学方法检测54例胃癌手术切除标本和15例正常胃黏膜组织中MTA1,PTEN,E-cadherin的表达.各指标之间相关因素的差异性比较采用χ2检验,相关性研究采用Spearman相关分析:结果:与正常胃组织相比,MTA1蛋白在胃癌组织中高表达(46.3% vs 6.7%,P＜0.01),PTEN和E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失(51.9% vs 100%,42.6% vs 100%,均P＜0.01).MTA1和PTEN的阳性表达率与肿瘤浸润深度(P=0.003,P=0.001)、病理分期(P=0.004,P=0.008)、淋巴转移(P=0.000,P=0.001)、远隔转移(P=0.004,P=0.006)、临床分期有关(P=0.001,P=0.000);E-cadherin的正常表达率与肿瘤浸润深度(P=0.027)、病理分化程度(P=0.006)、淋巴转移(P=0.044)、临床分期有关(P=0.000).Spearman相关分析显MTA1与PTEN蛋白、MTA1与E-cadherin蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.518,r=-0.424,均p＜0.05).PTEN蛋白与E-cadherin蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.53,P＜0.05).结论:MTA1蛋白水平高表达和PTEN,E-cadherin蛋白水平低表达可能与胃癌浸润和转移有关,且联合检测可以用于判断胃癌的生物学行为.     

bcl-xl基因蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）中bcl-xl基因蛋白的表达及意义。方法应用组织芯片技术制成32例NSCLC组织芯片,采用免疫组织化学技术检测30例正常肺组织,32例NSCLC癌组织中bcl-xl基因蛋白的表达。结果bcl-xl在NSCLC组织中表达阳性率为81.3%,显著高于正常肺组织（6.7%,P〈0.05）。bcl-xl蛋白表达与细胞分化程度有密切关系（χ^2=3.87,P〈0.05）,与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤组织学类型、年龄、性别无明显关系（P〉0.05）。结论bcl-xl基因蛋白表达增强可能与NSCLC发生及早期发展有关。     

脾酪氨酸激酶蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的观察脾酪氨酸激酶（Syk）蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达,探讨其与食管鳞癌发生、发展的关系。方法用免疫组化法检测48例食管鳞癌患者的癌组织及其癌旁组织中的Syk蛋白表达;分析不同TNM分期及淋巴结转移情况下食管鳞癌组织中的Syk蛋白表达。结果食管鳞癌组织Syk蛋白表达阳性率显著低于癌旁组织（χ^2=51.24,P〈0.05）;Syk蛋白表达与肿瘤TNM分期及淋巴结转移相关（P〈0.05）。结论食管鳞癌组织中Syk蛋白表达缺失与其发生及淋巴结转移倾向有关。     

Bax、Fas蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Bax和Fas蛋白表达在原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测56例HCC癌旁组织和癌组织中Bax和Fas蛋白表达,并分析两指标与HCC临床病理特征的关系及两指标间的相关性。结果 Bax蛋白在癌旁组织和HCC癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为21.4%（12/56）、66.1%（37/56）,P〈0.05（χ2=28.32）;Fas蛋白在癌旁组织和HCC癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为80.4%（45/56）、41.1%（23/56）,P〈0.05（χ2=21.42）。Bax、Fas蛋白在HCC癌组织中的表达无明显相关性,两者表达均与肿瘤分化程度相关（P〈0.05）,但与年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、是否伴有肝硬化无明显相关（P〉0.05）。结论 Bax、Fas蛋白异常表达可能通过不同途径参与HCC发生、发展。     

大肠癌干细胞基因Bmi-1的表达及临床病理意义

目的探讨大肠癌干细胞基因Bmi-1在蛋白和RNA的表达水平及其与临床病理的关系。方法采用SYBR Green实时定量RT-PCR技术检测35例大肠癌组织及相应癌旁和远端正常组织中Bmi-1 mRNA的表达;常规HE染色和免疫组化SP法检测肿瘤组织、癌旁组织、正常黏膜组织中Bmi-1蛋白的表达情况;评价基因的表达与临床病理及分期的关系。结果大肠癌组织Bmi-1蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于瘤旁及正常组织（P〈0.05）;Bmi-1 mRNA的阳性表达在肿瘤与正常（P=0.086）、肿瘤与瘤旁间（P=0.385）无明显差异。在大肠癌中合并淋巴结转移者Bmi-1 mRNA及Bmi-1蛋白表达水平显著高于未转移者（P〈0.05）;Duke分期C和D期患者Bmi-1 mRNA表达水平明显升高（P〈0.05）,癌组织浸润深度越深Bmi-1 mRNA及Bmi-1蛋白表达水平越高。肿瘤分化程度越低Bmi-1蛋白表达强度越强。结论 Bmi-1与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关,检测其表达水平对评估大肠癌患者预后及指导今后治疗有一定意义。     

RhoGDI2蛋白的高表达与结直肠癌侵袭和转移的相关性分析

目的通过检测RhoGTP酶解离抑制因子2（RhoGTPase dissociation inhibitor 2,RhoGDI2）在结直肠癌和癌旁组织中的表达并结合临床病理特点进行分析,探讨RhoGDI2的蛋白表达水平与结直肠癌侵袭转移的关系及在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。 方法选取山东省医学科学院附属医院2012年07月至2014年07月采取手术切除的153例结直肠癌病例,采用免疫组织化学检测153例肿瘤组织标本和癌旁标本中RhoGDI2蛋白的表达水平。 结果RhoGDI2蛋白在结肠癌组织中呈阳性表达,且主要在胞浆中表达;但在癌旁正常组织中无阳性表达（57.5% vs 0.00%）。结直肠癌组织中RhoGDI2蛋白的表达在低分化组显著高于高中分化组（χ²=2.090,P<0.05）。RhoGDI2的阳性表达与结直肠肿瘤的大小呈正相关,肿瘤越大阳性表达率越高（χ²=4.293,P<0.05）,并随着肿瘤浸润深度阳性表达率增加（χ²=1.711,P<0.05）,其在有淋巴结转移者表达显著高于无淋巴结转移者（χ²=5.925,P<0.05）、有远处转移者显著高于无远处转移者（χ²=5.519,P<0.05）,并且与临床分期密切相关,分期较晚的显著高于分期较早的（χ²=5.683,P<0.05）。RhoGDI2在结直肠癌中的阳性表达与年龄（<60 years vs ≥60 years）（χ²=0.054,P>0.05）,性别（χ²=0.037,P>0.05）无相关性。 结论RhoGDI2在结直肠癌中高表达,并且与结直肠癌的局部侵袭和远处转移呈正相关。RhoGDI2可能在结直肠的发生发展和侵袭转移过程中起着重要的作用。     

Muc-1 mRNA和CD44 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及与预后的关系

目的 探讨Muc-1 mRNA和CD44 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况与淋巴结转移的相关性及其与预后的关系.方法 应用RT-PCR方法检测36例NSCLC组织中和10例正常肺组织中Muc-1 mRNA和CD44 mRNA的表达情况.结果 ① 36例NSCLC组织中有19例Muc-1 mRNA阳性表达,阳性表达率为52.7%;21例CD44 mRNA表达,阳性表达率为58.3%.②Muc-1 mRNA在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达与患者的年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、肿瘤大小无关(P＞0.05),与淋巴结转移有关(χ2 =10.166,P＜0.05);CD44 mRNA在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达与患者的年龄、性别、组织学类型、TNM分期、肿瘤大小无关(P＞0.05),与淋巴结转移有关(χ2=8.371,P＜0.05).③Muc-1 mRNA和 CD44 mRNA阳性表达与NSCLC患者的预后有关(P＜0.05).④Muc-1 mRNA和CD44 mRNA在NSCLC组织中表达成正相关(r=0.442,P＜0.05).结论 Muc-1 mRNA和 CD44 mRNA阳性表达的NSCLC患者淋巴结转移率高,对NSCLC患者预后判断具有一定的指导作用.     

C-erbB-2蛋白和缝隙连接蛋白43在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨C-erbB-2癌蛋白和缝隙连接蛋白43（connexin,Cx43）在腺型胃癌中的表达并分析其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法分别检测C-erbB-2癌蛋白、Cx43在48例腺型胃癌和26例胃炎组织中的表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的关系。结果C-erbB-2癌蛋白、Cx43阳性呈棕黄色颗粒定位于细胞膜或细胞质;C-erbB-2癌蛋白在胃癌中的阳性表达率（50.0%）显著高于胃炎黏膜组织的阳性率（2χ=6.70,P〈0.05）;Cx43在胃癌中阳性率（43.8%）显著低于胃炎黏膜组织的阳性率（χ2=23.03,P〈0.05）;C-erbB-2癌蛋白的表达与胃癌的大小、分化程度及淋巴结转移呈显著相关（2χ=6.00、9.41、5.49,P值均〈0.05）;Cx43蛋白表达降低或缺失同样与胃癌的分化程度及淋巴结转移呈显著相关（χ2=7.49、6.86,P值均〈0.05）;C-erbB-2癌蛋白和Cx43蛋白呈负相关（χ2=0.01,r=-0.378,P〈0.05）。结论C-erbB-2癌蛋白的高表达、Cx43表达降低或缺失与胃癌分化程度、浸润转移密切相关,联合检测C-erbB-2和Cx43有助于判断胃癌的生物学行为。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.