CD151对小型猪急性心肌梗死心肌细胞凋亡和Bax/Bcl-2蛋白的影响

目的:探讨腺相关病毒介导的CD151在小型猪急性心肌梗死(AMI)后对心肌细胞凋亡和Bax/Bcl-2蛋白的影响。方法:建立猪AMI模型,随机分为4组,分别给心肌内注入腺相关病毒介导的GFP基因(rAAV-GFP组)、腺相关病毒介导的CD151基因(rAAV-CD151组)、腺相关病毒介导的反义CD151基因(rAAV-an-tiCD151组)、假手术组(Control组)。AMI后2个月处死,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,WesternBlot法检测各组CD151、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果:凋亡指数,rAAV-CD151组(3.3±0.4)小于rAAV-GFP组(9.2±1.3)及rAAV-antiCD151组(10.1±1.5)(P<0.05);rAAV-CD151组略多于Control组(2.4±0.8),2组差异无统计学意义,rAAV-CD151组CD151表达高于其他组,Bax/Bcl-2(1.13±0.11)较rAAV-GFP组(3.21±0.12)及rAAV-antiCD151组(3.53±0.09)明显降低(P<0.05),与Control组(0.93±0.04)比较差异无统计学意义...     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物(EGB)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的影响.方法 采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)30 min,再灌注2 h复制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,分别以缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)及免疫组织化学法检测心肌凋亡细胞、心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax基因的蛋白表达的变化.结果 缺血再灌注(IR)组心肌细胞凋亡数量显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),EGB组心肌细胞凋亡明显受到抑制(P<0.01).IR组和EGB组Bax、Bcl-2、P53基因蛋白表达均明显增加(P<0.01);EGB明显促进Bcl-2基因表达,同时抑制Bax、P53基因表达(P<0.01),Bcl-2和Bax的比值也随之升高.结论 EGB可明显下调Bax和P53基因的蛋白表达,上调Bcl-2基因的蛋白表达,从而显著抑制心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)后心肌细胞凋亡.     

中药复方冠心康对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的观察中药复方冠心康对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)心肌细胞相关凋亡因子Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响。方法 40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、MIRI模型组、冠心康组、盐酸地尔硫卓组。采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30min,再灌注2h复制大鼠MIRI模型,分别以HE染色、TUNEL法及免疫组织化学法检测心肌组织病理学、心肌细胞凋亡指数、心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax的阳性表达。结果 MIRI组与假手术组比较心肌细胞凋亡指数值显著升高(P<0.01),而冠心康组明显降低(P<0.01);抑凋亡因子Bcl-2在MIRI后表达明显降低,而促凋亡因子Bax表达则明显升高,冠心康可明显升高Bcl-2的表达,同时降低Bax的表达(P<0.01)。结论中药复方冠心康对大鼠MIRI心肌细胞具有明显的保护作用,其作用机制与调控心肌细胞的凋亡因子Bcl-2、Bax的表达有关。     

血管肽酶抑制剂对心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡和心室重构的影响

目的研究心肌细胞凋亡和心室重构在心力衰竭发展中的变化及血管内肽酶抑制剂的干预作用,探讨血管内肽酶抑制剂治疗心力衰竭的机制.方法选用雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组,心肌梗死组(MI组)和心肌梗死后Omapatrilat(OMA)干预组(MI OMA组).经冠脉前降支结扎术建立心肌梗死模型,术后24 h MI OMA组大鼠给予Omapatrilat 40 mg/kg·d,饮水给药,假手术组和MI组大鼠饲普通饮水.术后4、6周检测大鼠非心肌梗死区心肌细胞凋亡指数;Western蛋白印迹检测心肌细胞凋亡加速基因Bax和凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平;VG染色测胶原容积分数(CVF);压力传感器记录左室血流动力学改变.结果 (1)术后非心肌梗死区心肌细胞凋亡指数,MI组及MI OMA组均显著高于假手术组(4周,3.8%±1.0%,2.6%±1.0%vs 0.1%±0.1%,P＜0.01;6周,4.1%±1.3%,2.5%±0.9%vs 0±0,P＜0.01),但MI OMA组显著低于MI组(4周,P＜0.05;6周,P＜0.01);(2)与假手术组相比,MI组和MI OMA组术后的Bax蛋白表达量均显著增高(4周,321.3%±17.5%,174.6%±13.9%vs 100.0%±8.3%,P＜0.01;6周,362.3%±21.0%,193.9%±19.6%vs 104.7%±10.6%,P＜0.01),但MI OMA组显著低于MI组(P＜0.01);MI组和MI OMA组的Bcl-2蛋白表达量均低于假手术组(4周,79.3%±7.9%,86.6%±4.9%vs 100.0%±5.9%,P＜0.01;6周,76.6%±9.3%,84.7%±3.4%vs 97.1%±6.0%,P＜0.01),而MI OMA组高于MI组(P＜0.05);(3)MI OMA组非梗死区CVF明显低于MI组(4周,10.5%±0.7%vs 14.7%±1.18%,P＜0.01;6周,11.9%±1.4%vs 15.7%±1.1%,P＜0.01),但仍显著高于假手术组(4周,10.5%±0.7%vs 3.9%±.1%,P＜0.01;6周,11.9%±1.4%vs 3.9%±1.2%,P＜0.01);(4)MI组和MI OMA组大鼠4周和6周的心功能明显降低(与假手术组比,P＜0.05),而MI OMA组大鼠的心功能显著改善(与MI组比,P＜0.01).结论血管肽酶抑制剂可通过调节凋亡相关基因Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表达,减少心肌细胞凋亡,抑制心肌间质纤维化,从而减轻慢性心力衰竭阶段的心室重构,进而改善心功能.     

鼠龄对急性心肌梗死大鼠Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的 建立成年和老年Wistar大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,比较鼠龄对大鼠冠状动脉(冠脉)结扎后不同时间点的凋亡指数及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响.方法 115只6～24月龄大鼠中,95只结扎冠脉左前降支,80只(成年、老年大鼠各40只)术后存活,根据鼠龄分为老年心肌梗死组(40只)和成年心肌梗死组(40只),按结扎前降支后的1 h、3 h、5 h、1 d和7 d各分为5组(每组8只).假手术老年组和假手术成年组各10只.心肌梗死组分别于冠脉结扎后1、3、5 h和1、7d时记录血流动力学参数,包括心率、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室终末舒张压(LVEDP)和左室内压最大收缩和舒张速率(±dp/dtmax).采用伊文蓝-红四氮唑(TTC)染色和原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测心肌坏死和凋亡程度.免疫组化染色检测心肌内Bcl-2和Bax的形成.结果 大鼠心肌在冠脉结扎后的1 h内即有凋亡出现,并且凋亡达高峰的时间老年心肌梗死组较成年心肌梗死组早.在冠脉结扎3 h,老年心肌梗死组与成年心肌梗死组的凋亡指数分别为(51.90±23.15)%与(18.67±17.15)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Bcl-2蛋白的表达值老年假手术组和成年假手术组分别为(2.7±0.9)分和(1.8±0.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Bax蛋白的表达两组分别为(6.2±2.9)分和(4.2±1.5)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 老年大鼠抵抗心肌缺血的能力差,鼠龄可能会改变Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达而增加心肌细胞凋亡.     

抑郁对急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨抑郁对急性心肌梗死后大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法 30只SD大鼠随机分为三组,假手术组,心肌梗死对照组,心肌梗死抑郁组,每组10只。制备相应模型并干预后,用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,用免疫组织化学法检测心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果心肌梗死抑郁组和心肌梗死对照组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率以及心肌细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达均高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),心肌梗死抑郁组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数以及心肌细胞Bax蛋白表达高于心肌梗死对照组,而心肌细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达低于心肌梗死对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论抑郁可增加急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与促进促凋亡基因Bax表达、抑制抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达有关。     

高浓度葡萄糖对牛视网膜血管周细胞凋亡及凋亡调节基因表达的影响

目的 研究不同浓度葡萄糖培养条件对牛视网膜血管周细胞凋亡及凋亡调节基因Bel-2、Bax表达的影响,探讨Bcl-2、Bax对周细胞凋亡的调控.方法 在体外培养第3代近融合的视网膜血管周细胞中加入不同浓度的葡萄糖(5.5 mmol/L、15.0 mmol/L、25.0 mmol/L和35.0mmol/L)孵育6 d后,应用MTT方法检测高糖下牛视网膜周细胞增殖情况,TUNEL法特异性标记凋亡细胞,免疫组化染色法和RT-PCR测定Bcl-2、Bax基因的表达. 结果 周细胞在高浓度葡萄糖培养下,细胞增殖受抑制,呈现出典型的细胞凋亡特征,凋亡率分别为(28.4±0.8)%、(40.4±0.9)%与(50.2±0.6)%.高浓度葡萄糖培养呈剂量依赖性促周细胞凋亡(r=0.959,P＜0.01)和凋亡调节基因Bax的表达(蛋白水平r=0.966,P＜0.01;mNRA水平r=0.874,P＜0.01)及抑制凋亡调节基因Bcl-2的表达(蛋白水平r=-0.964,P＜0.01;mNRA水平r=-0.912,P＜0.01);周细胞的凋亡率与Bax/Bcl-2比率呈正相关(r=0.810,P＜0.01).结论 高浓度葡萄糖培养以剂量依赖的方式促进周细胞凋亡,Bcl-2、Bax基因表达的改变参与了细胞凋亡的调控.     

普罗布考对心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织Bcl-2和Bax表达及氧化应激的影响

背景 心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡与氧化应激有关,普罗布考为脂溶性强抗氧化剂,实验证明具有保护心肌细胞的作用,该药保护心肌细胞的作用是否通过调控细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax目前尚不清楚.目的 研究普罗布考对心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织Bcl-2和Bax表达及氧化应激的影响.方法 将心肌梗死后24 h存活大鼠41只随机分为2组:盐水组(5 mL/d,n=20),普罗布考组[60 mg/(kg·d),n=21],灌胃给药;另设假手术组(n=12)作对照.分别于心肌梗死后6周:导管法测定左室有创血流动力学指标,TUNEL法检测非梗死区心肌细胞凋亡;RT-PCR的方法观察心肌组织Bcl-2及Bax mRNA表达的变化;Western blot检测心肌Bcl-2及Bax蛋白表达;比色法测定心肌组织氧化代谢指标.结果 (1)与假手术组相比,所有心肌梗死大鼠均出现显著的Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达降低,Pax mRNA及蛋白表达与心肌细胞凋亡指数显著升高(P均＜0.01).与盐水组相比,普罗布考组心肌组织Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达显著升高,Bax mRNA及蛋白表达及心肌细胞凋亡指数显著降低(P均＜0.01);(2)与假手术组相比,所有心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织均出现显著的MDA升高,SOD、TAOC含量及SOD/MDA比值降低(P均＜0.01);与盐水组相比,普罗布考组MDA显著下降,SOD、TAOC含量及SOD/MDA均升高(P均＜0.01);心肌细胞凋亡指数与TAOC、SOD/MDA比值呈负相关(P均＜0.01).结论 心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡增加,普罗布考治疗可以抑制心肌细胞凋亡,降低心肌梗死后心肌组织的氧化应激.     

胆汁性肝硬化大鼠肾细胞凋亡及其机制

目的:探讨胆汁性肝硬化大鼠肾脏病理组织学改变、肾脏细胞凋亡及其机制.方法:应用胆总管结扎(CBDL)技术制备大鼠胆汁性肝硬化模型.将SD大鼠随机分为:假手术组(SO)、CBDL 2 wk组与5 wk组.显微镜下观察肝脏和肾脏组织学改变;生化法测定内生肌酐清除率(Ccr),比色法测定肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡,免疫组化测定Bcl-2,Bax蛋白的表达.结果:CBDL大鼠2 wk发生肝纤维化,5 wk则形成肝硬化;5 wk时肾小管上皮细胞有脱落、坏死;电镜下基底膜不规则增厚,系膜增宽,上皮细胞足突融合.模型大鼠5 wk组Ccr明显降低,较2 wk组与SO组有显著性差异(1.10±0.03vs 1.40±0.03,1.80±0.02,P＜0.05或0.01),肾组织丙二醛5 wk组较2 wk组与SO组显著性增高(4.07±0.51vs 2.32±0.85,0.79±0.37,均P＜0.01);模型大鼠5 wk组肾组织凋亡指数显著性高于2 wk组和SO组(68.36%±8.71%vs 24.08%±2.59%,11.43%±2.77%;均P＜0.01). SO组、2 wk组及5 wrk组Bcl-2逐渐下降,Bax表达则逐渐升高,各组间有显著差异(p＜0.05).结论:胆汁性肝硬化大鼠存在肾病理组织学改变与细胞凋亡:凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2低表达和凋亡诱导蛋白Bax高表达在肾损害中起作用.     

缺血后适应对大鼠移植心脏心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察缺血后适应对大鼠移植心脏缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡及对抗凋亡基因Bcl-2(简称Bcl-2)、凋亡基因Bax(简称Bax)蛋白表达的影响。方法:30只Lewis大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,供体、受体各5只。假手术组:仅行腹部开关手术,不行心脏移植;模型组:行心脏移植术;后适应组:行心脏移植手术,心脏复灌前进行缺血后适应,即再灌注10 s、关闭10 s,循环3次。实验结束后取心肌标本行生物素切口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测,并采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)方法检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果:假手术组无心肌细胞凋亡,后适应组心肌细胞凋亡指数明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Western Blot显示:模型组Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平与假手术组比升高(P<0.05);后适应组Bcl-2蛋白表达水平与模型组相比明显升高(P<0.01),而Bax蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论:缺血后适应对大鼠移植心脏缺血再灌注心肌能够上调Bcl-2蛋白表达、下调Bax蛋白表达,并可减少缺血再灌注引起的心肌细胞凋亡。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.