关节镜下联合应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统固定腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

背景：关节镜下前交叉韧带重建是治疗膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的金标准,但在肌腱的固定方式方面仍有分歧。目的：观察联合运用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统在关节镜下进行自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床效果。方法：选取2009-05/2010-05在郑州大学第一附属医院关节外科应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统行关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的患者30例,该组患者关节镜下均证实为膝关节前交叉韧带损伤断裂。其中男22例,女8例,年龄16~45岁。将患者股骨端用Endobutton、Rigidfix固定,胫骨端用Intrafix固定,观察术后近期疗效,以Lysholm评分、IKDC评分评价膝关节功能。结果与结论：对30例患者随访5~17个月（平均12个月）,随访期间无严重并发症发生,所有患者患膝关节活动度正常,平均Lysholm评分和IKDC评分分别由术前的（50.0±6.0）分和（49.5±5.5）分提高到术后的（85.5±3.5）分和（87.0±2.5）分（P〈0.05）。说明联合应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统进行自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法具有近期疗效佳、移植物固定可靠、并发症少等优点,能够达到良好的临床康复效果。     

关节镜下联合应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统固定腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

背景:关节镜下前交叉韧带重建是治疗膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的金标准,但在肌腱的固定方式方面仍有分歧。目的:观察联合运用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统在关节镜下进行自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床效果。方法:选取2009-05/2010-05在郑州大学第一附属医院关节外科应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统行关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的患者30例,该组患者关节镜下均证实为膝关节前交叉韧带损伤断裂。其中男22例,女8例,年龄16~45岁。将患者股骨端用Endobutton、Rigidfix固定,胫骨端用Intrafix固定,观察术后近期疗效,以Lysholm评分、IKDC评分评价膝关节功能。结果与结论:对30例患者随访5~17个月(平均12个月),随访期间无严重并发症发生,所有患者患膝关节活动度正常,平均Lysholm评分和IKDC评分分别由术前的(50.0±6.0)分和(49.5±5.5)分提高到术后的(85.5±3.5)分和(87.0±2.5)分(P<0.05)。说明联合应用Rigidfix、Endobutton和Intrafix系统进行自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法具有近期疗效佳、移植物固定可靠、并发症少等优点,能够达到良好的临床康复效果。     

关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱悬吊固定重建前交叉韧带的中期疗效观察

背景:以腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带股骨侧的固定方法有多种,如内置纽扣、界面螺钉等,每种重建方式都有各自的优点和缺点.目的:回顾性总结关节镜下微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的中期临床效果.方法:对2005-05/2007-06内蒙古医学院第二附属医院运动医学外科收治的,关节镜下采用微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体胴绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的42例患者进行术后至少2.5年的随访.采用Lyshlom功能评分、IKDC2000评分来评价其临床效果.结果与结论:42例患者术后获得3.1(2.5～4)年随访.术前Lysholm膝关节评分法评分为(44.34±7.12)分,末次随访时为(86.60±6.48)分;术前IKDC2000评分为(48.46±17.53)分,末次随访时IKDC2000评分为(92.42±5.87)分.手术前后两种评分比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.01).说明关节镜下以微孔纽扣钢板悬吊崮定4股自体胭绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,可以取得比较满意的中期临床疗效.     

关节镜下横杆悬挂法重建前交叉韧带

背景：固定移植腱的方法多种多样,每种系统各有其优势,对于用何种方法固定移植的肌腱,目前国际上仍没有一个统一的标准。目的：观察关节镜下横杆悬挂固定法固定自体腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选择2008-09/2010-01于安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨二科行膝关节前交叉韧带重建的患者20例。所有患者均应用股骨端横杆悬挂固定和胫骨端界面螺钉组成前交叉韧带固定系统行自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带单束重建。重建后随访6～16个月（平均10个月）,评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标。结果与结论：随访期间,无严重并发症发生,重建后膝关节活动度均正常。所有患者术前Lysholm膝关节评分为（60.20±11.54）分,重建后6个月为（92.95±3.55）分,较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）。截至重建后6个月,IKDC评分18例正常,其余2例接近正常。说明关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱横杆悬挂固定法重建前交叉韧带是一种疗效确切的固定方法。     

自体富血小板血浆联合关节镜下重建术治疗前交叉韧带损伤的临床研究

目的：研究富血小板血浆联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选取2018年1月~2019年1月在娄底市中心医院行膝关节前交叉韧带重建术患者30例患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各15例。对照组采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,试验组采用自体富血小板血浆联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带。比较两组患者在不同时间段内的IKDC检查评分,并使用Lysholm量表判断膝关节功能恢复情况,比较并发症发生情况。结果：术前两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分均较术前上升,且试验组各项评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组治疗及随访期末发生并发症。结论：自体富血小板联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,可以缓解疼痛并改善膝关节功能。     

关节镜下双固定单束解剖位重建膝关节前交叉韧带

目的:对关节镜下联合应用Endobutton、Rigidfix及Intrafix系统固定自体腘绳肌腱进行单束解剖位重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效进行初步观察。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年4月经关节镜下确诊膝关节ACL损伤的28例患者行关节镜下单束解剖位ACL重建术的临床资料,股骨端应用Endobutton、Rigidfix固定,胫骨端应用Intrafix固定,重建用肌腱均为自体半腱肌及股薄肌,通过抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验及Lysholm评分对术后疗效进行观察。结果:随访7～21个月(平均14个月),前抽屉试验、Lachman征均为阴性,4例轴移试验弱阳性,Lysholm评分从术前26～49分,平均(40.77±6.68)分升高到术后85～96分,平均(92.27±3.33)分,评分有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下双固定单束解剖位重建ACL,固定稳妥,有利于术后早期进行关节屈伸锻炼,可有效防止关节粘连、退变等并发症,且术后有更好的旋转功能,临床疗效优良。     

关节镜下横杆悬挂法重建前交叉韧带

背景:固定移植腱的方法多种多样,每种系统各有其优势,对于用何种方法固定移植的肌腱,目前国际上仍没有一个统一的标准.目的:观察关节镜下横杆悬挂固定法固定自体腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法:选择2008-09/2010-01于安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨二科行膝关节前交叉韧带重建的患者20例.所有患者均应用股骨端横杆悬挂固定和胫骨端界面螺钉组成前交叉韧带固定系统行自体腘绳肌腱前交叉韧带单束重建.重建后随访6~16个月(平均10个月),评估患者的关节活动度、稳定性等指标.结果与结论:随访期间,无严重并发症发生,重建后膝关节活动度均正常.所有患者术前Lysholm膝关节评分为(60.20±11.54)分,重建后6个月为(92.95±3.55)分,较术前明显提高(P < 0.05).截至重建后6个月,IKDC评分18例正常,其余2例接近正常.说明关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱横杆悬挂固定法重建前交叉韧带是一种疗效确切的固定方法.     

关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带疗效观察

目的 探讨关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析39例前交叉韧带断裂者在关节镜下采用四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,其中股骨侧Endobutton系统固定17例,Rigidfix系统固定22例.结果 所有患者平均随访14.1个月,膝关节Lysholm评分由术前(51.8±2.4)分提高到术后(92.4±1.6)分(P＜0.05),KT-1000测量由术前(9.4±3.8)mm提高到术后(3.3±1.5)mm(P＜0.05),差异有显著性.Endobutton系统固定组术后Lysholm评分(91.1±3.2)分,KT-1000测量为(3.5±1.8)mm;Rigidfix系统固定组术后Lysholm评分(93.5±2.7)分,KT-1000测量为(3.1±2.0)mm,P＞0.05,两组间差异无显著性.结论 关节镜下四股股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带近期临床疗效好,术后并发症少,稳定性好,股骨侧Endobutton系统和Rigidfix系统固定近期临床疗效无明显差别.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带:应用Rigidfix和Intrafix系统的比较

背景:目前在肌腱的来源、骨道的定位、腱骨愈合以及术后康复锻炼均已有比较一致的共识,但在肌腱的固定方式方面仍有分歧.目的:观察运用Rigidfix和Intrafix系统进行自体胴绳肌腱单束前交叉韧带重建的临床效果.方法:选择安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨二科应用Rigidfix和Intrafix系统行关节镜下自体胭绳肌腱前交叉韧带重建的患者30例,男21例,女9例,年龄18-49岁,平均31岁.术前检查:前抽屉试验30例均阳性,Lacheman试验28例阳性,轴移试验23例阳性,Lysholm膝关节评分(59.2+5.2)分.术后经过系统康复治疗,随访后观察疗效.结果与结论:30例患者经过6～18个月(平均13个月)的随访,均无严重并发症发生,术后膝关节活动度均正常,返回工作岗位正常工作.前抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性1例,Lacheman试验Ⅰ度阳性1例,Ⅱ度阳性1例,阴性28例.轴移试验均阴性.Lysholm膝关节评分术后(93.1+4.3)分,较术前明显增高(P<0.05).IKDC评分25例正常,5例几乎正常.提示通过应用Rigidfix和Intrafix系统固定胭绳肌腱进行自体胭绳肌腱单束前交叉韧带重建能够达到良好的临床康复效果,此手术方法操作简单,固定牢固,愈合较好,效果确切.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带的1年随访比较

背景:由于人工韧带存在慢性疲劳,越来越多的人采用异体肌腱重建前后交叉韧带损伤.目的:比较关节镜下自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带的疗效.方法:收集关节镜下用自体腘绳肌和异体胫前肌单束重建前交叉韧带随访满1年的病例.自体腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带组28例;异体胫前肌重建前交叉韧带组18例.采用股骨端Endobutten、胫骨端可吸收螺钉固定.采用支具固定并进行功能训练.结果与结论:前交叉韧带重建后6个月,异体肌腱组lysholm评分高于自体肌腱组(P < 0.05);重建后12个月两组lysholm评分差异无显著性意义.两组重建后6,12个月与重建前比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),重建后12个月与6个月比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05).结果表明,自体和异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带随访1年疗效相当.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.