活动平板运动试验诱发aVR导联ST段抬高对左主干或三支病变的预测价值

目的评价活动平板运动试验阳性患者aVR导联ST段(STaVR)抬高对左主干病变或三支病变的预测价值。方法连续选取208例平板运动试验阳性患者,其中71例STaVR抬高≥0.10 mV为STaVR抬高组,137例STaVR抬高0.10 mV为非STaVR抬高组,结合冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影结果回顾性对比aVR导联抬高幅度、其他导联ST段最大下移幅度、累积ST段下移幅度以及伴随ST段下移导联数、运动时间、Duke评分。分析评价STaVR抬高及STaVR抬高联合运动时间5 min标准预测冠脉病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确度。结果 STaVR抬高组的aVR导联抬高幅度、其他导联ST段最大下移幅度、累积ST段下移幅度以及伴随ST段下移导联数明显高于非STaVR抬高组,运动时间、Duke评分明显低于非STaVR抬高组(P0.01)。STaVR抬高组中三支血管病变发生率(19.7%)明显高于非STaVR抬高组(6.6%),左主干病变发生率亦明显高于非STaVR抬高组(22.5%vs 2.2%,P0.01)。单独STaVR抬高对左主干病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为84.21%、70.90%、72.12%,对三支病变分别为60.87%、69.19%、68.27%;STaVR抬高且运动时间≤5 min对左主干病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为63.16%、88.89%、86.54%,对三支病变分别为43.48%、87.57%、82.69%。结论运动试验诱发STaVR抬高可提示左主干或三支病变,结合运动时间可提高特异性。     

不稳定性心绞痛心电图预测左前降支病变部位的价值

目的 探讨12导联常规心电图表现在预测冠状动脉(冠脉)左前降支(LAD)病变部位中的价值.方法 选择临床诊断为不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者70例,冠脉造影结果显示罪犯血管为LAD.入院后完成12导联常规心电图检查,监测心肌损伤标志物变化,择期行冠脉造影术.分析UAP患者胸痛时心电图表现与LAD病变部位的关系.结果 96.7%的LAD近段狭窄患者,V3导联ST段压低伴V1、V2导联T波低平或倒置;7.5%的LAD中段狭窄患者,V3导联有相同改变(P＜0.05).V4导联ST-T段改变差异有显著性(P＜0.05);V5、V6导联ST-T段改变差异无显著性(P＞0.05).经多因素logistic回归分析显示,V3导联ST段压低是否伴V1、V2导联T波低平或倒置对LAD病变部位有明显的独立预测价值[OR(95%CI)为33.119),P＜0.001].结论 UAP患者胸痛时,12导联常规心电图表现可以用于初步判定LAD近段或中段狭窄部位.     

平板运动试验aVR导联ST段抬高对冠状动脉左主干病变的诊断价值

目的探讨平板运动试验aVR导联ST段抬高对冠状动脉左主干病变及前降支近段病变诊断价值。方法选取18例平板运动试验阳性并伴aVR导联ST段抬高者,2周内行冠状动脉造影(CAG),以冠状动脉内径狭窄≥50%者为CAG阳性。结果左主干病变13例,前降支近段病变3例,右冠状动脉中段狭窄1例,冠状动脉造影阴性1例。平板运动试验阳性并伴aVR导联ST段抬高对左主干病变的阳性预测值为72.22%(13/18);对冠状动脉左主干及前降支近段病变的预测值为88.89%(16/18)。结论平板运动试验阳性并aVR导联ST抬高≥0.1mv对诊断冠状动脉左主干及前降支近段病变有较高的阳性预测价值。     

aVR、V1导联心电图对左主干及前降支近端明显狭窄的诊断价值

目的探讨aVR、V1导联对冠状动脉左主干及前降支近端狭窄诊断的阳性预测价值。方法对比分析120例冠造结果为左主干病变患者典型aVR、V1导联心电图改变的几率，对比分析120例心电图有典型变化患者的冠脉造影结果。结果①有68例（占56．7％，68／120，）的左主干病变患者出现了典型的aVR、V1导联心电图表现，即典型“左主干”心电图对左主干病变诊断的敏感性为56．7％；②有31例（占37.3％，31／83）典型aVR、V1导联心电图患者冠造结果为左主干病变，有81例（占97．6％，81／83）的典型aVR、V1导联心电图患者冠造结果为左主干及前降支病变，37例患者未检查冠造，典型“左主干”心电图对左主干病变的阳性预测价值为37.3％．而对左主干及／或前降支近段狭窄病变的预测价值为97．6％，二者的差异有显著性（p〈0．001）。结论心电图出现aVR、V1导联ST抬高〉1mm，且aVR导联ST段抬高〉V1导联，V4-6导联ST段下移≥2mm，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移≥1mm对诊断左主干或前降支近段明显狭窄有很好的阳性预测价值。     

平板运动试验对前降支近中段临界病变治疗的指导意义

目的：探讨平板运动试验在治疗冠状动脉前降支（LAD）近中段临界病变过程中的指导意义。方法选择2012年6月至2014年3月在沈阳军区总医院心血管内科住院患者中,冠状动脉造影提示仅LAD近中段存在临界狭窄（直径狭窄30%～70%）病变、其他冠状动脉无明显狭窄的冠心病患者8例,男6例（75%）,女2例（25%）,年龄44～68（54.88＆#177;8.95）岁。入院后3d内行冠状动脉造影检查,若发现仅LAD近中段存在临界病变,则造影术后行平板运动试验。若平板运动试验阳性,则对前降支病变进行介入干预;若平板运动试验阴性,则药物保守治疗。结果冠状动脉造影直径狭窄程度为30%～70%,平板运动试验阳性者2例,均实施介入治疗,阴性者6例,均采取药物保守治疗。所有患者均进行临床随访,随访时间为1个月～1年。接受介入治疗的2例患者未再出现胸痛等不适症状。接受药物保守治疗的患者胸痛症状亦得到缓解,无严重心脏不良事件发生。结论平板运动试验在指导LAD近中段临界病变治疗过程中有重要作用。     

aVR ST段抬高对左主干及前降支近端病变的预测价值

左主干狭窄是冠心病中的严重病变,易发生猝死。当前冠状动脉造影或64排螺旋CT可明确诊断。本文通过分析冠状动脉造影结果及与之相对应的心电图中aVRST段抬高情况,旨在评价aVRST段抬高对左主干及前降支近端严重病变的预测价值,为制定及时正确安全的治疗方案提供帮助。     

体表心电图对老年急性前壁心肌梗死左前降支闭塞部位的预测价值

目的探讨体表心电图对老年急性前壁心肌梗死左前降支（LAD）闭塞部位的预测价值。方法对62例老年急性前壁心肌梗死患者的入院心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析,寻找可以预测LAD闭塞部位的心电图改变。结果62例老年急性前壁心肌梗死患者均为LAD闭塞,其中近段闭塞者45例（72.6%）,远段闭塞者17例（27.4%）。经χ2检验,STⅠ抬高、STaVL抬高、STaVF压低或至少2个下壁导联ST段压低等指标提示LAD近段闭塞（P均〈0.05）。其中,STaVF压低或至少2个下壁导联ST段压低的特异度和阳性预测值最高,为94%左右,灵敏度以STaVL抬高最高,为56%;反之,STaVL压低和STⅢ抬高则在预测LAD远段闭塞上有显著意义（P均〈0.05）,特异度和阳性预测值以STaVL压低为最高,均为100%。结论急性前壁心肌梗死时,体表心电图对预测LAD闭塞部位有重要价值。     

急性心肌梗死左主干与前降支近段病变心电图ST段压低的对照分析

目的探讨12导联心电图ST段压低在急性心肌梗死左主干与前降支近段病变鉴别中的价值。方法选取因急性心肌梗死住院的患者,依冠状动脉造影结果,分为冠状动脉左主干病变(LM组)和左前降支近端病变(LAD组)。回顾性分析患者入院即刻的12导联心电图,比较两组ST段压低改变的特点。结果入选符合标准的患者共74例,LM组15例,LAD组59例。LM组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、aVL和aVF导联ST段压低比例显著高于LAD组(P均<0.05),V2～6ST段压低比例两组亦有差异(P均<0.01)。同时,V2～6导联ST段改变值两组亦有差异。多元分析表明Ⅲ、V2和V6导联ST段压低对急性左主干病变有预测价值(P均<0.001),其诊断的敏感度为26.7%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%和准确度85.1%。结论Ⅲ、V2和V6导联ST段压低有助于鉴别急性左主干与左前降支近段病变。     

平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测对冠状动脉病变的预测价值

目的 为明确平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测对冠状动脉病变的预测意义。方法 选取冠状动脉造影患者、且造影前或造影后2月内作平板运动试验和动态心电图者185例,冠状动脉造影以通用直径法确定冠状动脉狭窄程度和范围,并与平板运动试验和动态心电图结果对比观察。结果 95例平板运动试验和动态心电图结果均阳性者,94例存在冠状动脉病变,7例仅动态心电图阳性者6例有冠状动脉病变而53例仅平板运动结试验阳性者42例有冠状动脉病变,30例动态心电图和平板运动结试验均阴性者仅1例有轻度冠状动脉病变。结论 平板运动试验与动态心电图联合检测可初步估测冠状动脉狭窄。     

心电图avL导联T波改变对判断左前降支前中段阻塞的预示意义

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征中心电图av L导联T波改变对判断左前降支前中段阻塞的预示意义。方法经信息科检索中国医科大学附属盛京医院滑翔院区2009年1月至2010年7月因急性冠状动脉综合征入院并行冠状动脉造影的194例患者,其平均年龄为65岁,男140例,查阅其造影记录及心电图,按av L导联T波形态分为倒置组与非倒置组,通过Logistic回归分析av L导联T波与冠状动脉病变之间的关系。结果与av L导联T波非倒置组相比,T波倒置组的前降支中段狭窄程度更高(P0.05)。T波倒置与前降支中段血管狭窄程度独立相关(P0.05)。结论急性冠状动脉综合征中av L导联T波倒置与左前降支前中段阻塞独立相关,可作为预测左前降支前中段阻塞方法之一。     

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the proximal left anterior descending artery and a single coronary artery anomaly: Three case reports

The anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) as a branch of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is a very rare variation of single coronary artery. We have reported three cases in the last 10 years. Among 15,000 coronary angiograms, at least 40 cases have been described previously in the literature. The vast majority of previous reports have described a single anomalous vessel with its origin after the first septal perforator of the LAD. Two of our patients presented with acute coronary syndrome and were found to have three vessel disease and left main. They underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and third case presented with tachycardia had only mild coronary artery disease (CAD) and was treated medically.     

Value of lead aVR in predicting acute occlusion of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and in-hospital outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an electrocardiographic predictor of poor prognosis

Background

We aimed to investigate the value of ST elevation in lead aVR (ST↑aVR) in predicting the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion site proximal to first septal perforator (S₁) and its effect on in-hospital outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

The study included 950 patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into 2 groups as aVR(+) and aVR(−) according to the presence of an ST↑aVR of 0.5 mm or greater.

Results

ST elevation in lead aVR was seen in 155 (16%) patients, and LAD occlusion proximal to S₁ was detected in 52% of patients in the aVR(+) group and in 9% of patients in the aVR(−) group. aVR positivity was associated with higher heart rate, lower systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction, and worse Killip class at the hospital admission. In-hospital mortality was 19% in the aVR(+) group and 5% in the aVR(−) group. aVR positivity was an independent predictor of in-hospital death.

Conclusion

This study revealed that ST↑aVR was not only a good indicator of LAD occlusion proximal to S₁ but also a source of valuable information about in-hospital outcome in patients with STEMI.     

Computerized classification of proximal occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery

Proximal occlusion within the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction leads to higher mortality than does nonproximal occlusion. We evaluated an automated program to detect proximal LAD occlusion.All patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (n = 7,710) presenting consecutively to the emergency department of a local hospital with a coronary angiogram-confirmed flow-limiting lesion and notation of occlusion site were included in the study (n = 711). Electrocardiograms (ECGs) that met ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) criteria were included in the training set (n = 183). Paired angiographic location of proximal LAD and ECGs with ST elevation in the anterolateral region were used for the computer program development (n = 36). The test set was based on ECG criteria for anterolateral STEMI only without angiographic reports (n = 162). Tested against 2 expert cardiologists' agreed reading of proximal LAD occlusion, the algorithm has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 82%.The algorithm is designed to have high sensitivity rather than high specificity for the purpose of not missing any proximal LAD in the STEMI population. Our preliminary evaluation suggests that the algorithm can detect proximal LAD occlusion as an additional interpretation to STEMI detection with similar accuracy as cardiologist readers.     

心电图诊断冠脉前降支闭塞部位的研究

目的 探讨前壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)体表心电图(ECG)预测前降支(LAD)阻塞部位的准确率.方法 对2010年6月至2013年12月在井冈山大学附属医院心血管科145例前壁AMI患者ECG预测阻塞部位与冠状动脉造影术(CAG)显示阻塞部位进行对比分析.以大对角支(LD)或第一对角支(D1)为界划分LAD为近远段.结果 前间壁AMI 20例,LAD阻塞部位均在LD或D1开口以远.前壁AMI、前壁+下壁AMI共67例LAD阻塞部位大多在LD或D1开口以远(80.6％ vs.86.6％),两种分界法差异无统计学意义(p=0.351).广泛前壁、广泛前壁+高侧壁、前壁+高侧壁AMI共58例LAD阻塞部位多发生LD或D1开口以近(96.55％vs.72.4％),两种分界法差异有显著的统计学意义(p=0.000),以LD为界有较高的阳性预测值(96.55％ vs.72.41％ p=0.000)、特异度(97.3％ vs.83％,p=0.003),心电图判断LAD近段阻塞以LD分界更准确.结论 前壁AMI心电图对预测LAD阻塞部位有较高的准确率.     

Prognostic value of transthoracic coronary flow reserve in medically treated patients with proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis of intermediate severity

Aims: Prognostic value of transthoracic coronary flow reserve (T-CFR)is not established in patients with left anterior descendingartery (LAD) stenosis of intermediate severity. Objective isto determine the prognosis value of T-CFR > 2 in medicallytreated patients with angiographically intermediate [50–70%QCA (quantitative coronary angiography)] proximal LAD stenosis. Methods and results: Among 110 consecutive patients with intermediate LAD stenosiswho underwent prospectively T-CFR in the distal part of theLAD after intravenous administration of adenosine to assessthe functional significance of the stenosis, 80 patients hadT-CFR > 2 and were treated medically without revascularization(Group 1). Among the 30 patients who had T-CFR < 2, an additionaldobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed: 15 hada negative DSE; were treated medically and served as a comparativegroup (Group 2), and 15 had a positive DSE; underwent LAD revascularization,and were excluded from further analysis. All patients completedfollow-up (16 ± 10 months). During the follow-up period(range 6–45 months), 76 patients (95%) remained free ofdeath or LAD-related event in Group 1, vs. 12 patients (80%)in Group 2. By Kaplan–Meier method, at 30 months the percent estimated survival free from death or target vessel-relatedevents was 92 ± 4% in Group 1 and 44 ± 22% inGroup 2 (P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, T-CFR remainedthe only independent predictor of death or LAD-related events. Conclusion: In patients with proximal LAD stenosis of intermediate severityand T-CFR > 2, deferral of revascularization is associatedwith low event rate.     

Isolated anomaly of the left anterior descending coronary artery

An isolated anomaly of the left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is described. A review of the literature shows that isolated anomalies of this vessel are very rare. However, the inability to visualize this vessel from the left sinus of Valsalva warrants careful search of the right sinus.     

Origin and distribution anomalies of the left anterior descending artery in 70,850 adult patients: multicenter data collection.

OBJECTIVES: To present the clinical and angiographic properties of the left anterior descending artery anomalies. BACKGROUND: Coronary artery anomalies are discovered in less than 1% of angiography series. Since the number of angiographies and coronary bypass operations are increasing significantly every day, these anomalies are of clinical importance. However, data about left anterior descending artery anomalies in literature is still scarce. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 70,850 patients who had undergone coronary angiographies at 4 different cardiology center from 1999 to 2005 years. RESULTS: Major congenital coronary anomalies were discovered in 171 of these cases (0,24%). The mean age of these patients was 61 +/- 11 (18-84) years. Ninety nine patients (58%) were male. Left anterior descending artery was involved in 12 patients (0.017%). In nine patients with the anomalous LAD there were concomittant congenital coronary artery anomalies. Concurrent coronary artery anomalies encountered were double left anterior descending artery type 4 (2 cases), double left anterior descending artery type 4 with double right coronary artery (1), double right coronary artery (1), double circumflex artery with anomalous left anterior descending artery (1), circumflex artery from right sinus of Valsalva (1), separate septal perforator and myocardial bridging of posterior descending artery (1), intercoronary communication, and ostial atresia of the left anterior descending artery and anomalous circumflex artery (1). CONCLUSION: Our series is the biggest series where relatively sufficient clinical and angiographic information about the LAD anomalies were provided.