超声心动图参数对射频导管消融术后心房颤动复发的评估价值分析

目的 分析超声心动图参数对心房颤动(下称房颤)患者射频导管消融(下称消融)术后房颤复发的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年8月在余姚市中医医院住院行房颤消融术的非瓣膜性房颤患者92例,分为房颤复发组50例和房颤未复发组42例.收集患者的一般资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、吸烟史、饮酒史、血压及既往病...     

心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术后三尖瓣中、重度反流发生率的研究

目的研究心脏瓣膜手术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性心房纤颤术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生情况。方法 758例瓣膜病合并房颤患者,其中行瓣膜手术＋房颤射频消融374例（观察组）,仅行瓣膜手术384例（对照组）。术后随访6~54个月,对比分析两组病例术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的随访数据。结果观察组术后三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生率低于对照组。结论心脏瓣膜置换术同期行射频消融术治疗永久性心房纤颤的远期疗效确切,可降低三尖瓣中、重度反流的发生率,提高患者的心功能和远期生存率。     

功能性三尖瓣反流的临床研究进展

功能性三尖瓣反流(FTR)是指在无明显的心肌及三尖瓣器质性病变的情况下,由于其他继发因素引起的三尖瓣反流。它普遍存在于健康人群和器质性心脏病患者中。由于FTR在很长的一段时间内无明显症状,常继发左心瓣膜病或左心功能不全等,且少量的三尖瓣反流常被误认为是正常的生理现象,并未引起足够的重视。近年来的研究指出,即使是微量和轻度的三尖瓣反流,也对原发疾病的远期预后有着重要的影响,因此本文对FTR的临床研究进展进行综述,以期为功能性三尖瓣反流的临床研究提供些许参考。     

经导管三尖瓣置换装置LuX-Valve治疗重度三尖瓣反流的超声心动图评价

目的：评估新型经导管三尖瓣置换装置LuX-Valve治疗重度三尖瓣反流的临床和超声心动图表现。方法：入选2020年6月至2021年8月中国医学科学院阜外医院收治的NYHA心功能III～IV级外科高危重度三尖瓣反流患者。患者均经药物治疗无明显改善,使用LuX-Valve装置行经导管三尖瓣置换术。收集并分析患者手术前后及随访期临床及超声心动图资料。结果：共纳入36例患者,均成功行经导管三尖瓣置换术,无术中或术后72 h内死亡;除4例因器械位置异常行体外循环手术外,余32例（88.9%）手术成功。无住院死亡,2例病重出院。随访350(196,386)d期间,3例（8.3%）死亡。至末次随访时,66.7%(22/33)的患者NYHA心功能分级改善,72.7%(24/33)三尖瓣反流量少量及以下,右心房、室容积均较术前明显减小[分别为（115.58±67.74）ml vs.(161.08±95.50)ml,(118.76±50.45)ml vs.(136.65±55.44)ml,P均<0.05],但右心室射血分数变化无统计学意义。Cox回归分析显示,二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差是术后不良事件的独立危...     

导管射频消融术对心房颤动左心重构的影响

目的 通过超声心动前瞻性观察心房颤动（房颤）患者导管射频消融（RFCA）术后左心重构的变化.方法 为行RFCA术住院的持续性房颤患者,术前、术后即刻、1个月和3个月时进行经胸超声心动检查,不能维持窦性心律者除外.以斑点追踪技术得到左心室应变评价收缩功能,以达峰时间差异（TPSD）评价左心室内部同步性；比较不同随访时间点间超声心动指标差异.结果 22例患者资料满足条件.患者RFCA术后左心室各方向应变改善,射血分数增加[（56.2±6.4）％至（62.8±4.6）％,P＜0.01],纵向应变的TPSD减小[（42.8±17.8）ms至（34.2±16.0）ms,P=0.046）.入选患者术前合并二尖瓣反流者占81.8％,多数为微量反流,术后反流束面积[（2.0± 1.7）cm2至（0.8±1.5）cm2,P=0.001]及其与左心房面积的比值[（8.9±7.4）％至（2.3±4.3）％,P＜0.01）]减小.结论 持续性房颤患者左心室同步性和收缩功能受损,经RFCA术转复并维持窦性心律后逐渐改善.房颤患者合并二尖瓣反流比例较高,维持窦性心律的过程有助于其程度的减轻.     

高龄心房颤动伴功能性三尖瓣反流的危险因素分析

目的：分析高龄心房颤动伴功能性三尖瓣反流的危险因素。方法：选取242例高龄心房颤动伴三尖瓣反流患者作为研究对象,跟踪随访1年,分析入组和随访1年后相关指标的差异性。采用Logistic回归分析、ROC曲线分析高龄心房颤动伴三尖瓣反流的影响因素及预测因子。结果：与入组时相比,随访1年后数据显示三尖瓣反流量明显增加,平均值为（7.1±0.5）m L,范围波动在0～40mL,且肌酐、尿酸、同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,HCY）、三尖瓣反流、左心房左右径、左心房前后径、左心房上下径、右心房左右径、右心房上下径、LVEDD、LVESD、右心室内径及永久心脏起搏器置入术,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。三尖瓣反流组和非反流组在肌酐、尿素氮、胱抑素C、HCY、NT-proBNP、左心房左右径、左心房前后径、左心房上下径、右心房左右径、右心房上下径、右心室内径、LVEF、冠心病、高血压、慢性心力衰竭、慢性肾功能不全、永久心脏起搏器置入术,两组间差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。其中,高龄心房颤动伴三尖瓣反流可能受右心房左右径（P=0.028）、永久心脏起搏器置入术（P=0....     

功能性三尖瓣反流的治疗进展

功能性三尖瓣反流（FTR）是最常见的三尖瓣反流。既往观点认为,在左心瓣膜病变或左向右分流先天性心脏病矫治后,不需特殊处理三尖瓣,FTR会逐步减轻甚至消失。然而,研究发现大部分患者的左心系统瓣膜问题矫正后,依然存在三尖瓣反流,甚至反流程度会更加严重,FTR成为心血管领域所需探讨的重要内容。该文介绍近年来FTR的外科治疗和介入治疗进展,旨在提升对FTR的认知,提高FTR的整体诊治效率。     

功能性三尖瓣反流的手术治疗

功能性三尖瓣反流（FTR）主要原因是左心瓣膜病变引起的肺动脉高压和右心室扩大,三尖瓣环扩张,腱索牵拉瓣叶的力学方向发生改变,导致了三尖瓣瓣膜的正常对合点发生错位,三尖瓣叶本身及瓣下结构无器质性改变.FTR在临床上很常见,文献报告在晚期风湿性心脏病患者中约10～60%合并不同程度的FTR.现将FTR的手术治疗作一简要综述.     

经导管介入治疗二尖瓣和三尖瓣反流的进展

二尖瓣反流和三尖瓣反流是常见的心脏瓣膜病,其患病率随着年龄的增加而不断升高,严重的二尖瓣反流和三尖瓣反流明显降低患者的生存率。手术治疗是解决瓣膜反流的主要方法,经导管治疗的出现为需要外科手术的患者提供了新的治疗选择。近年来经导管瓣膜介入治疗发展势头迅猛,本文将对经导管介入治疗二尖瓣反流和三尖瓣反流的进展进行系统综述。     

心腔内超声在心房颤动射频消融中的应用

目的：探讨心腔内超声在射频消融阵发生心房颤动（房颤）中的应用价值。方法１２例阵发性房颤患,根据电生理检查中房性早搏起源的初步定位,在心腔内超声指导下,穿刺房间隔,将大头导管送至左房肺静脉进行标测,寻找房性早搏时记录到最提前出现的局部电位或峰电位处,用温度控制（６０℃）导管,输出功率２０Ｗ,进行导管射频消融。结果在心腔内超声指导下,９例患穿刺房间隔。１２例患共２１个靶点中,位于左上肺静脉８个,     

Atrial functional tricuspid regurgitation: An underappreciated cause of secondary tricuspid regurgitation

Secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) caused by right ventricular enlargement in the setting of left heart disease/pulmonary hypertension has been well described. In contrast, that associated with right atrial enlargement—atrial functional TR (AF‐TR)—remains largely underappreciated. AF‐TR most often occurs in the setting of lone atrial fibrillation, although it is also seen in its absence (idiopathic AF‐TR). Several recent studies have found that the prevalence, hemodynamic significance, and prognosis of AF‐TR are not inconsequential, suggesting increased physician awareness of this novel clinical entity is warranted. This article discusses the pathogenesis, echocardiographic findings, and treatment of this underappreciated cause of secondary TR.     

Predictors for the development of severe tricuspid regurgitation with anatomically normal valve in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background and Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be a risk factor for severe functional tricuspid valve regurgitation (FTR). We aimed to determine the predictors of severe FTR in patients with AF. Methods and Results: From our echocardiographic laboratory database, we searched for and reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with severe FTR and AF seen at Mayo Clinic in Arizona from 2002 through 2009. Our search identified 42 patients who met all inclusion criteria. These patients (cases) with severe FTR and AF were compared with 38 patients (controls) with AF who had no greater than mild tricuspid regurgitation. Case patients with severe FTR were older than controls (mean, 81 years vs. 76 years; P < 0.001) and more frequently had chronic AF (69% vs 26%; P < 0.001). Mean right atrial volume (86 mL/m² vs 46 mL/m²; P < 0.001), right ventricular volume (42 mL ± 33 mL vs 22 mL ±8 mL; P < 0.001) and tricuspid annular diameter (3.6 cm vs 3.0 cm; P < 0.001) were larger in cases than in controls. Patients with severe FTR also had a higher prevalence of right‐sided heart failure (69% vs 16%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, right atrial and right ventricular volumes were independent predictors for the development of severe FTR in patients with AF (odds ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3–2.8] for every 10 mL/m² increase in right atrial volume; P = 0.0002 and odds ratio, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.5–8.9] for every 10 mL increase in right ventricular volume; P = 0.0002). Conclusions: Severe FTR occurs in older patients with chronic AF as a result of marked right atrial and right ventricular dilatation; and enlargement of the tricuspid annulus in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. More importantly, severe FTR leads to increased prevalence of right‐sided heart failure underscoring the nonbenign nature of chronic AF. (Echocardiography 2012;29:140‐146)     

心房颤动射频消融术中应用丙泊酚深度镇静的临床观察

目的研究心房颤动(房颤)导管射频消融术中采用丙泊酚深度镇静的有效性、安全性及对操作过程的影响。方法入选160例房颤患者采用持续静脉注射丙泊酚行深度镇静,同期60例未采用丙泊酚的房颤患者作为对照组。深度镇静先给予负荷量丙泊酚1 mg／kg,然后经左锁骨下静脉持续给予维持剂量,起始维持剂量为药典推荐剂量的中位数8 mg·kg-1·h-1术中根据患者的生理指标每10 min调整剂量一次,直至实现理想深度镇静。理想深度镇静的标准:患者意识及疼痛反应消失,但生命体征稳定,无需呼吸及循环支持。分析丙泊酚剂量的影响因素及深度镇静对操作过程的影响。结果160例患者中,除14例(8．8％)外均实现理想深度镇静,未能实现的主要原因是出现不能耐受的不良反应包括低血压、呼吸抑制、剧烈呛咳。实现理想深度镇静的患者,从开始给药至实现理想深度镇静的平均时间为(30±10)min,平均药物维持剂量为(8±3)mg·kg-1·h-1。单变量分析发现年龄>65岁、体重<50 kg及女性患者为给药剂量的影响因素;多变量分析发现仅年龄及体重影响给药剂量。实现理想深度镇静的患者平均手术时间((180±30)min vs(190±37)min,P=0．04]和平均累计放电时间[(59±16)min vs (66±19)min,P=0．007]显著减少且低于对照组,而肺静脉隔离成功率及并发症发生率两组相似。结论房颤导管射频消融术中采用丙泊酚深度镇静安全有效,可提高手术效率,保证手术的顺利进行。     

Catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: Antiarrhythmic drug treatment for atrial fibrillation can cause atrial flutter-like arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of catheter ablation of the tricuspid annulus-vena cava inferior isthmus on amiodarone-induced atrial flutter and to determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of amiodarone-induced atrial flutter in comparison to regular typical flutter. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 92 consecutive patients with typical atrial flutter who underwent isthmus ablation 28 patients had atrial flutter without a history of previous atrial fibrillation (group I), 10 patients had atrial flutter following the initiation of amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (group II) and 54 patients had atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (group III). Atrial cycle length during atrial flutter in amiodarone-treated patients (group II) (277+/-24 ms) was significantly longer as compared to the cycle length of atrial flutter in group I (247+/-33 ms) and group III patients (235+/-28 ms). The rate of successful transient entrainment and overdrive stimulation to sinus rhythm was not different between patients with (60%) or without amiodarone therapy (group I: 71%, group III: 53%). Successful isthmus ablation with bidirectional conduction block eliminating right atrial flutter was achieved in 90% of amiodarone-treated patients and 93% of patients without amiodarone therapy. In the amiodarone-treated patient group atrial conduction times during pacing in sinus rhythm were significantly prolonged by 20-30% before and after ablation in all regions of the reentrant circuit. During a mean follow-up of 8+/-3 months post-ablation, atrial fibrillation recurred in two of 10 patients on continued amiodarone therapy after successful isthmus ablation. Thus, successful catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy was associated with a markedly lower recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (20%) as compared to patients with atrial flutter plus preexisting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (76%) and was similar to the outcome of patients with successful atrial flutter ablation without preexisting atrial fibrillation (25%). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that isthmus ablation with bidirectional block and continuation of amiodarone therapy is an effective therapy for the treatment of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.     

左心瓣膜术后心房颤动与三尖瓣反流的关系

目的:研究左心瓣膜术后三尖瓣反流与术后心房颤动(房颤)的关系。方法:随访2002年3月至2008年11月接受主动脉瓣置换术或二尖瓣置换术,且未行三尖瓣成形术或三尖瓣置换术的患者374例,其中男性151例,女性223例,年龄23～79岁,平均(52±11)岁。所有患者均经过术前和术后彩色多普勒超声心动检查及心电图检查。单因素分析组间使用χ2检验。危险因素采用Logistic回归模型分析。结果:左心瓣膜术后房颤是术后发生三尖瓣反流的独立危险因素。Logistic多因素分析结果为:术后房颤、女性及术后左心房扩大,是术后三尖瓣反流的独立危险因素;术时年龄、术后左心室大小、术后右心室大小及术后射血分数这4项不是三尖瓣反流的危险因素。结论:左心瓣膜术后房颤是术后发生三尖瓣反流的独立危险因素。对于术后房颤应该引起重视,积极治疗。