鼻息肉中血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF)在鼻息肉发病过程的意义。方法 将鼻息肉患者分为A、B2组,A组为Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型1、2期鼻息肉患者,B组为Ⅱ型 3期及Ⅲ型鼻息肉中层得,采用免疫组化SP法对2组39人列鼻息肉患者鼻息肉组织中VEGF、bFGF的表达进行检测。结果 正常鼻粘膜中VEGF、bFGF的染色呈阴性,而在A、B组鼻息肉组织中的阳性率分别达到59％、41％和71％、80％,B组中阳性率和阳性细胞数均高于A组;VEGF和bFGF在鼻息肉组织中主要定位于基底膜周围的炎性细胞和上皮细胞以及血管周围和血管壁内皮细胞。结论 VEGF、bFGF通过在鼻息肉组织中的过度表达,促进息肉组织内的血管增殖和炎性细胞聚积,促进鼻息肉的发生发民,能是鼻息肉病区别于鼻息肉的重要组织学特征之一。     

血管内皮生长因子在鼻息肉组织中的表达和意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)在鼻息肉组织中的表达及其在鼻息肉发病中的意义。方法将鼻息肉患者分为A、B 组,A组为Ⅱ型1、2期患者,B组为Ⅱ型3期及Ⅲ型患者。另有20例鼻中隔偏曲患者的正常下鼻甲组织作对照组。采用免疫组化SP法检测三组VEGF的表达。结果正常鼻黏膜中VEGF的染色呈弱阳性,而在A、B组鼻息肉组织中VEGF的阳性率明显高于对照组,B组中阳性率和阳性细胞数均高于A组;VEGF在鼻息肉组织中主要定位于基底膜周围的炎性细胞和上皮细胞以及腺体、血管周围和血管壁内皮细胞。结论VEGF通过在鼻息肉组织中过度表达促进息肉组织内的血管增殖和炎性细胞聚积,促进鼻息肉的发生发展。     

血管内皮生长因子和CD34在鼻息肉中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、CD34在人各型鼻息肉组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法,检测67例鼻息肉（Ⅱ型1期14例,Ⅱ型2期18例,Ⅱ型3期20例,Ⅲ型15例）和20例下鼻甲（对照组）组织中VEGF、CD34蛋白的表达情况,对CD34阳性微血管进行计数[微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD）]。结果鼻息肉Ⅱ型1期、Ⅱ型2期、Ⅱ型3期、Ⅲ型中,VEGF表达分别为17．35±5．29、19．13±4．85、36．76±4．38、38．49±6．07。CD34表达（MVD）分别为13．26±2．05、14．72±3．86、26．40±2．71、27．97±3．34。11型3期、Ⅲ型鼻息肉组织中VEGF、CD34的表达较Ⅱ型1期、Ⅱ型2期鼻息肉组织中显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论VEGF、CD34表达与鼻息肉发生、发展有关,对其检测有助于判断鼻息肉的发展趋势。     

VEGF和TGF-β1在鼻息肉中的表达及其意义

目的 观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在鼻息肉中的表达活性及其病理意义.方法 鼻息肉患者41例,分为A、B两组.其中A组19例,属于Ⅱ型1、2期;B组22例,属于Ⅱ型3期及Ⅲ型.分别取息肉组织标本进行研究.另取14例鼻中隔偏曲患者的正常中鼻甲黏膜作为对照组.免疫组化法检测其VEGF及TGF-β1表达活性,比较分析其病理意义.结果 鼻息肉组织中VEGF及TGF-β1阳性表达率和表达活性水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且B组的阳性率及表达水平又显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 VEGF及TGF-β1表达活性变化对鼻息肉的形成可能具有重要影响.     

鼻息肉中血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子β1的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子/血管通透性因子( vascular endothelial growth factor/vasular permeability factor,VEGF/VPF)和转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1 ,TGF-β1)在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义。方法 34例鼻息肉标本及30例中鼻甲粘膜标本行VEGF/VPF及TGF-β1的免疫组化染色，光镜观察。结果①VEGF/VPF在鼻息肉组织的血管内皮细胞和腺体细胞的表达明显高于中鼻甲组织(P＜0.01和P＜0.05)；②TGF-β1在鼻息肉组织的细胞外基质和固有层浸润细胞的表达明显高于中鼻甲组织(P＜0.005)；③鼻息肉组织中TGF-β1阳性细胞的形态及分布相似于嗜酸粒细胞；④VEGF/VPF与TGF-β1阳性表达与鼻息肉的临床分型无关(P＞0.05)。结论①VEGF/VPF对鼻息肉发生过程中组织极度水肿的产生可能有非常重要的作用；②TGF-β1可能直接参与鼻息肉的病理变化，导致上皮基底膜增厚和基质纤维化；③嗜酸粒细胞可能为鼻息肉中TGF-β1的主要来源。     

白细胞介素17与血管内皮生长因子在鼻息肉组织中的表达及相关性分析

目的　通过研究鼻息肉组织中白细胞介素17（interleukin 17,IL-17）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的表达水平,探讨鼻息肉 的发生、发展。方法　收集在鼻内镜下慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉手术患者鼻息肉组织30例,慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉手术患者筛窦黏膜组织30例,因鼻中隔偏曲行下鼻甲部分切除术患者下鼻甲黏膜组织10例。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测IL-17、VEGF的表达情况并对两者表达水平相关性进行分析。结果　IL-17、VEGF在鼻息肉组织中的表达明显高于其他两组,两两比较组间差异均具有统计学意义;IL-17与VEGF在鼻息肉组织中的表达呈正相关性。结论　IL-17和VEGF均在鼻息肉组织中的表达增高,对鼻息肉的发生、发展起重要作用;鼻息肉组织中IL-17与VEGF的表达呈正相关,提示两者共同参与鼻息肉的发生与发展。     

喉鳞状细胞癌组织中血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维生长因子及微血管密度的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨喉鳞状细胞癌组织中微血管密度(MVD)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法对42例喉鳞状细胞癌组织及10例癌旁正常组织常规石蜡切片染色,分别检测VEGF、bFGF和CD31。结果:①在喉鳞状细胞癌中,VEGF、bFGF主要分布在肿瘤细胞的胞质内,其阳性率分别为69.04%(29/42)、61.9%(26/42)。②VEGF、bFGF表达与TNM分期、颈淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。③声门上型组、颈淋巴结转移组、中、晚期喉癌组组织内的MVD明显高于声门型组、无颈淋巴结转移组及早期喉癌组(P<0.05)。结论:VEGF和bFGF在喉癌的血管生成中起着重要作用,二者与肿瘤的浸润、转移和复发密切相关。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻窦黏膜中表皮生长因子及其受体的表达

目的 观察表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)及其配体表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)在慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻窦黏膜中的表达及分布,探讨EGFR信号通路与慢性鼻窦炎的关系.方法 取慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者上颔窦窦口黏膜20例(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型各10例),另以10例正常鼻窦黏膜作为对照,应用HE染色和免疫荧光技术观察EGF和EGFR在各组鼻窦黏膜中的表达,比较阳性细胞面积比在各组间的差异.结果 EGF和EGFR在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型慢性鼻窦炎鼻窦黏膜中均有表达,其中EGF主要表达于上皮细胞,炎性细胞和部分黏膜下腺体亦有表达;而EGFR主要表达于杯状细胞,上皮细胞和基底细胞亦有表达,两组间阳性细胞面积比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).正常鼻窦黏膜中上述部位仅有弱表达或无表达,阳性细胞面积比与两病变组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 EGFR及其配体EGF在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻窦黏膜中均有明显表达,EGFR信号通路可能在慢性鼻窦炎的病理机制中发挥重要作用.     

鼻息肉中单核细胞趋化蛋白1和血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的明确单核细胞趋化蛋白1（monocyte chemotactic protein 1，MCP-1）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）在鼻息肉组织中的表达及其相关性，初步探讨MCP-1与鼻息肉发生的关系。方法取40例鼻息肉组织和25例下鼻甲组织，应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学等方法检测MCP-1和VEGF mRNA及蛋白质的表达。结果鼻息肉组织中MCP-1和VEGF mRNA及蛋白质的表达均高于对照组下鼻甲组织（P值均〈0．01）；鼻息肉组织中MCP-1和VEGF蛋白质的表达呈正相关（r=0．871，P〈0．05）。结论鼻息肉组织中MCP-1和VEGF表达增加，二者协同作用可能是鼻息肉形成的原因之一。     

环氧化酶-2和血管内皮生长因子与甲状腺癌颈淋巴转移的关系

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴转移的相关性.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对79例甲状腺乳头状癌患者肿瘤组织的COX-2和VEGF蛋白表达进行检测,其中伴有颈淋巴结转移(N )的甲状腺乳头状癌患者46例,不伴颈淋巴结转移(N-)患者33例.结果 颈淋巴结转移组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)甲状腺乳头状癌原发灶标本COX-2和VEGF的表达阳性率分别为81.6%和86.8%,不伴颈淋巴结转移组甲状腺乳头状癌原发灶标本COX-2和VEGF的表达阳性率分别为54.5%和66.7%,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在颈淋巴结转移组中,原发灶组织COX-2和VEGF的表达具有相关性(P＜0.05).结论 COX-2在甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移中起着重要作用,其作用可能通过调控VEGF途径来实现.     

Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in nasal polyp and its role]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the pathophysiology of nasal polyp. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with nasal polyp were divided into two groups: group A(representing type 1 and type 2 phase 1-2) and group B (representing type 2 phase 3 and type 3). The expression of VEGF and and bFGF in both groups were studied with immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: VEGF and bFGF were not detected in norms. The detection rates of VEGF and bFGF were 59%, 41%, and 71%, 80% in group A and group B respectively. The positive rate and the number of positive cells were higher significantly in group B than that in group A. VEGF and bFGF were located mainly in the inflammatory cells and epithelial cells around the basilar membrane and inflammatory cells and endothelial cells around the vessel. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of VEGF and bFGF in nasal polyp may contribute to the growth of vessels, accumulation of inflammatory cells, as a result, to enhance the development of nasal polyposis. This phenomenon maybe an important histological mark distinguishing ordinary polyp from polyposis.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration and semi-quantitation of vascular endothelial growth factor in recurrent versus non-recurrent nasal polyps

OBJECTIVE: The expression of some growth factors in nasal polyps has been examined, although investigations addressing the reason for recurrence in some patients are lacking. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed by inflammatory cells, as well as by endothelial and epithelial cells of nasal polyps. To determine whether VEGF may play a role in the recurrence of nasal polyps, we aimed to compare VEGF expression in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps. In addition, expression in polyps from asthmatic patients was compared with that in polyps from non-asthmatics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed nasal polyposis were included. Polypectomy was performed at enrolment in the long-term follow-up study. Fifteen patients had only 1 polypectomy (non-recurrence group; median observation period 81 months) and 15 had a median of 6.4 polypectomies (multiple recurrence group; median observation period 108 months). Five of 10 patients with asthma belonged to the non-recurrence group and 5 to the recurrence group. The polyp obtained at the initial polypectomy was examined for expression of VEGF by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody. A blinded semi-quantitation and comparison of the intensity of immunolabelling were performed in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps, as well as in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics. RESULTS: VEGF expression was seen as varying staining of the polyp surface and gland epithelium, as well as of the vessel endothelium and some stromal mono- and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Semi-quantitation of the staining intensity showed no significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent polyps, or between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the level of immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in recurrent and nonrecurrent nasal polyposis is equivalent. Thus, the level of VEGF expression cannot predict a subsequent recurrence. The expression of VEGF is not upregulated in patients with asthma. Further studies are needed to determine the role of VEGF in nasal polyposis, with special reference to different stages of polyp formation, vascularization and growth.     

Basic fibroblast growth factor expression in recurrent versus non-recurrent nasal polyposis

Various growth factors are expressed in nasal polyps, and some of these have been suggested to play a role in polyp formation. A potential relation between growth factor expression and polyp recurrence, however, is undetermined. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is expressed in mononuclear cells, as well as in endothelial and epithelial surface and gland cells of nasal polyps. To determine whether bFGF may play a role in the recurrence of nasal polyps, the present study aimed at a comparison of bFGF expression in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps. Further, the expression in polyps from asthmatic patients was compared with that from non-asthmatics. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed nasal polyposis were included. Polypectomy was performed at entry to the long-term follow-up study. Fifteen patients only had one polypectomy (no recurrence group, with a median observation time of 81 months). Fifteen patients had a median of 6.4 polypectomies (multiple recurrence group, with a median observation time of 108 months). Five of nine patients with asthma belonged to the non-recurrence group and four to the recurrence group. The polyp from the entrance polypectomy was examined for expression of bFGF by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody. A masked semi-quantification of staining intensity was performed in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps, as well as in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics. bFGF expression was seen as varying staining of the polyp surface and gland epithelium, as well as of some mononuclear cells and some fibroblast-like cell profiles in the polyp stroma. Vascular endothelium was labeled occasionally. Semi-quantification of the staining intensity showed no significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent polyps, or between asthmatics and non-asthmatics. We conclude that the level of immunohistochemical expression of bFGF in recurrent and non-recurrent nasal polyposis is equivalent. Thus, the level of bFGF expression in the primary polyp can not predict a subsequent recurrence. The expression of bFGF is not up-regulated in patients with asthma. Further studies are needed to determine a potential role of bFGF in nasal polyposis, with special reference to different stages of polyp formation and growth.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration and semi-quantitation of vascular endothelial growth factor in recurrent versus non-recurrent nasal polyps

Objective The expression of some growth factors in nasal polyps has been examined, although investigations addressing the reason for recurrence in some patients are lacking. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed by inflammatory cells, as well as by endothelial and epithelial cells of nasal polyps. To determine whether VEGF may play a role in the recurrence of nasal polyps, we aimed to compare VEGF expression in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps. In addition, expression in polyps from asthmatic patients was compared with that in polyps from non-asthmatics.

Material and Methods A total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed nasal polyposis were included. Polypectomy was performed at enrolment in the long-term follow-up study. Fifteen patients had only 1 polypectomy (non-recurrence group; median observation period 81 months) and 15 had a median of 6.4 polypectomies (multiple recurrence group; median observation period 108 months). Five of 10 patients with asthma belonged to the non-recurrence group and 5 to the recurrence group. The polyp obtained at the initial polypectomy was examined for expression of VEGF by immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody. A blinded semi-quantitation and comparison of the intensity of immunolabelling were performed in recurrent versus non-recurrent polyps, as well as in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics.

Results VEGF expression was seen as varying staining of the polyp surface and gland epithelium, as well as of the vessel endothelium and some stromal mono- and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Semi-quantitation of the staining intensity showed no significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent polyps, or between asthmatics and non-asthmatics.

Conclusion Our findings indicate that the level of immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in recurrent and non-recurrent nasal polyposis is equivalent. Thus, the level of VEGF expression cannot predict a subsequent recurrence. The expression of VEGF is not upregulated in patients with asthma. Further studies are needed to determine the role of VEGF in nasal polyposis, with special reference to different stages of polyp formation, vascularization and growth.     

The effect of topical corticosteroid on basic fibroblast growth factor in nasal polyp tissue

BACKGROUND: The etiology of nasal polyposis and pathophysiological mechanisms of polyp formation is still poorly understood. Experimental models have suggested that nasal polyp growth requires extracellular matrix formation and is associated with fibroblast proliferation. Intranasal corticosteroids appear to be useful in reducing nasal polypoid lesions and the likelihood of polyp recurrence after surgery. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenesis factor and is mitogenic for a wide range of cell types. We investigated the alteration of bFGF levels in nasal polyp tissue after administration of topical corticosteroid. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from 36 patients with diffuse nasal polyposis before and after topical nasal steroid treatment. As a topical nasal steroid mometasone furoate was given for 4 weeks in a dosage of 200 microg/day. The bFGF levels were measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay method. RESULTS: The mean levels of tissue bFGF, before and after topical nasal steroid treatment, were 1485 +/- 826 ng/mg protein (range, 416-3434 ng/mg) and 1340 +/- 749 ng/mg protein (range, 330-3288 ng/mg), respectively. The levels of bFGF in nasal polyps were significantly lower than those before treatment after administration of topical nasal steroid (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Administration of topical nasal steroid decreases bFGF levels of nasal polyp. It may be suggested that one of the effects in diminishing the size of nasal polyps is by decreasing the bFGF.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor in nasal polyps: a comparison of asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients

The cause of nasal polyps remains unknown, although there is a well-recognized clinical association between nasal polyposis and asthma. The characteristic histological features of nasal polyps include large quantities of extracellular fluid. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. This study aimed to compare expression of VEGF in nasal polyps from patients with asthma and those with no apparent respiratory disease. Twenty-four asthmatic and 35 non-asthmatic patients were studied using immunohistochemistry for VEGF. VEGF expression was identified in endothelial, inflammatory and epithelial cells. There was significantly greater endothelial expression of VEGF in asthmatic patients (P < 0.05). Greater epithelial expression was observed in asthmatic patients but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). There was no difference in the density of inflammatory cells expressing VEGF. Differences between the two groups may reflect differences in disease severity or in the nature of the inflammatory process.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor in nasal polyps: a comparison of asthmatic and non‐asthmatic patients

The cause of nasal polyps remains unknown, although there is a well‐recognized clinical association between nasal polyposis and asthma. The characteristic histological features of nasal polyps include large quantities of extracellular fluid. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. This study aimed to compare expression of VEGF in nasal polyps from patients with asthma and those with no apparent respiratory disease. Twenty‐four asthmatic and 35 non‐asthmatic patients were studied using immunohistochemistry for VEGF. VEGF expression was identified in endothelial, inflammatory and epithelial cells. There was significantly greater endothelial expression of VEGF in asthmatic patients (P < 0.05). Greater epithelial expression was observed in asthmatic patients but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). There was no difference in the density of inflammatory cells expressing VEGF. Differences between the two groups may reflect differences in disease severity or in the nature of the inflammatory process.     

黏附分子及血管内皮生长因子在鼻息肉中的表达

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）以及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在鼻息肉中的表达与意义。方法25例鼻息肉标本和9例下鼻甲黏膜标本，分别行ICAM-1、VCAM-1、VEGF免疫组化染色和HE染色，光镜下观察比较各种分子表达水平。结果 鼻息肉中可见大量嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）浸润。ICAM-1、VCAM-1和VEGF均可表达于鼻息肉血管内皮、间质及炎症细胞，且在鼻息肉血管内皮、间质及浸润炎症细胞中的表达趋势呈现正相关关系。结论 ICAM-1、VCAM-1可能与EOS等炎症细胞附壁浸润活化过程关系密切，VEGF可能启动并加强这一病理变化。它们的协同作用可能参与了鼻息肉的病理过程。