乳鼠软骨细胞体外培养及生物学特性研究

目的:研究体外培养乳鼠胸骨剑突软骨细胞的原代培养方法,探讨该方法应用的可行性和应用价值.方法:采用胶原酶消化法分离培养乳鼠胸骨剑突软骨细胞,以含20%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养液进行培养,并进行细胞接种与传代,用倒置显微镜、电镜及组织学方法观察细胞形态、超微结构.细胞采用ABC法进行Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色以及细胞形态观察鉴定软骨细胞起源.结果:(1)原代培养软骨细胞48 h后,大量细胞贴壁生长,呈圆形、长梭形或有2～3个突起,胞质透亮、饱满,7 d后细胞铺满整个培养皿底面.(2)原代软骨细胞呈圆形或多角形,第4代有一半变成梭形,第5代绝大部分变为长梭形;原代软骨细胞胞浆内粗面内质网和线粒体丰富,第3代软骨细胞生长增殖能力强于原代,第5代增殖能力明显减弱.结论:体外培养的乳鼠剑突软骨细胞保持了其体内的基本特征,采用胶原酶消化法分离培养软骨细胞是一种可靠、简便、快速的细胞原代分离培养方法.第3代软骨细胞适合用于软骨组织工程及学术研究.     

兔软骨细胞的分离与培养

目的 探讨免软骨细胞培养方法。方法采用胶原酶Ⅱ分段消化法从4周龄新西兰兔的关节软骨中分离出软骨细胞并进行原代和传代培养。每日在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态及其生长情况。并用甲苯胺蓝异染色进行细胞表型鉴定。结果软骨细胞形成单层的时间原代培养1周左右，传代培养约4～5天，细胞以圆形或上皮样细胞形态为主。甲苯胺蓝染色证实细胞可合成蛋白多糖，异染反应主要集中在细胞集落样生长区，异染程度以原代培养最为显。结论采用本方法培养兔软骨细胞是可行的。     

兔关节软骨细胞的体外培养及凋亡相关基因在传代细胞中的表达

目的验证体外Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法培养兔软骨细胞的可行性,探讨凋亡及抗凋亡基因在软骨细胞传代中的变化,寻找关节软骨退变老化研究的最适宜靶细胞。方法在无菌条件下取6周龄新西兰大白兔双侧膝关节软骨,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化并机械吹打的方法分离关节软骨细胞并进行原代、传代培养;形态学观察时采用甲苯胺蓝染色法对关节软骨细胞进行鉴定;RT-PCR法检测P0~P4代软骨细胞烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶（NAMPT）、信息沉默因子1（Sirt1）、p53、Bax基因的mRNA相对表达量,四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测各代关节软骨细胞增殖情况。结果显微镜下观察兔原代软骨细胞大多呈透亮椭圆形、短梭形、多角形特征,72h全部贴壁生长。甲苯胺蓝染色显示培养的软骨细胞细胞质染成浅蓝色,细胞核染成深蓝色;前3代软骨细胞表型稳定,增殖力良好;连续培养至P4代后,绝大部分细胞变为长梭形和不规则形状。随着软骨细胞的传代,NAMPT的表达量逐渐下调。与P0代软骨细胞相比,Sirt1的表达量在P1代细胞中明显上调,在P2代细胞急剧下降至P0代以下,在P3~P4代细胞中Sirt1的表达量逐渐下调。凋亡基因p53和Bax的表达量随着软骨细胞的传代而上调。前3代软骨细胞增殖差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;在培养到第4~7天时,P1~P3代与P4代软骨细胞增殖差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用体外Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法培养兔关节软骨细胞是切实可行的。随着软骨细胞的传代,抗凋亡基因NAMPT、Sirt1的表达逐渐下调,凋亡基因p53、Bax的表达逐渐上调。P1~P3代关节软骨细胞作为研究关节软骨凋亡的细胞体系是合适的。     

兔甲状软骨细胞体外培养研究

目的:研究体外培养的甲状软骨细胞的生物学特性。方法:分离培养兔甲状软骨细胞,进行原代与传代培养,用倒置显微镜及组织学方法观察细胞形态、功能及生长增殖。结果:原代、第2代、第3代软骨细胞呈圆形或多角形,第4代有一半变成梭形,第6代绝大多数变成长梭形;原代甲状软骨细胞阿新蓝染色阳性,具有合成和分泌糖胺多糖的功能。结论:体外单层培养的兔甲状软骨细胞表型能保持3代稳定,具有正常的生长增殖能力。     

体外培养大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的生物学特性

[目的]通过对大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的分离及体外培养,观察其生长、表型等一般生物学特点.[方法]采用胰蛋白酶、Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法,从SD大鼠耻骨联合软骨组织中分离出软骨细胞,用含150mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养液原代和传代培养.分别以2g/L胶原酶消化2、6、12 h,分析不同消化时间获取的细胞数量及生长情况.对6 h消化组细胞进行Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,并观察第1、4、7代的生长曲线.[结果]经胶原酶消化2、6、12 h后,平均每100mg耻骨联合软骨获取的原代细胞数之间有统计学显著差异（P＜0.01）.消化6 h组可以获取数量丰富的原代细胞,生长状态好.大鼠耻骨联合细胞原代呈短梭形、三角形或多角形,有短细胞突起.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色在第1、4代培养细胞均呈阳性,第7代培养细胞呈阴性.第7代细胞生长增殖比第1、4代慢.[结论]耻骨联合软骨细胞体外培养时属于有限细胞系.培养初期（第4代之前,含第4代）的细胞较好地保持了软骨细胞的表型,且增殖能力强,有可能作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞.     

体外培养大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的生物学特性

 [目的]通过对大鼠耻骨联合软骨细胞的分离及体外培养,观察其生长、表型等一般生物学特点.[方法]采用胰蛋白酶、Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法,从SD大鼠耻骨联合软骨组织中分离出软骨细胞,用含150mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM/F-12培养液原代和传代培养.分别以2g/L胶原酶消化2、6、12 h,分析不同消化时间获取的细胞数量及生长情况.对6 h消化组细胞进行Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,并观察第1、4、7代的生长曲线.[结果]经胶原酶消化2、6、12 h后,平均每100mg耻骨联合软骨获取的原代细胞数之间有统计学显著差异（P＜0.01）.消化6 h组可以获取数量丰富的原代细胞,生长状态好.大鼠耻骨联合细胞原代呈短梭形、三角形或多角形,有短细胞突起.Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色在第1、4代培养细胞均呈阳性,第7代培养细胞呈阴性.第7代细胞生长增殖比第1、4代慢.[结论]耻骨联合软骨细胞体外培养时属于有限细胞系.培养初期（第4代之前,含第4代）的细胞较好地保持了软骨细胞的表型,且增殖能力强,有可能作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞.     

乳兔关节软骨细胞的分离、培养及生物学特性的观察

目的：建立乳兔软骨细胞分离及培养的方法,观察软骨细胞在体外培养中的生物学特性.方法：采用两步消化法,将乳兔关节软骨进行分离、培养.采用苏木精伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色对软骨细胞进行鉴定,用MTT法绘制生长曲线、并在倒置显微镜观察各代软骨细胞形态、通过免疫组化染色、逆转录聚合酶反应（RT PCR）法观察其生物学特性.结果：通过两步酶消化法,成功分离出乳兔关节软骨细胞,培养24 h后细胞贴壁呈短梭形.培养2周左右软骨细胞聚集似“铺路石”样.MTT法显示细胞生长曲线近似“S”形.甲苯胺蓝呈阳性结果,并随代数增加阳性结果呈减弱趋势.通过免疫组化染色和RT PCR显示随代数增加软骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原表达增强,Ⅱ型胶原表达减弱.结论：本研究采用两步酶消化法,成功从乳兔软骨内获取大量活性好、纯度高的软骨细胞,3代以内软骨细胞生长良好,并保持其生物学特性,适于软骨组织工程的应用.3代以后开始出现去分化现象.     

大鼠胫骨生长板软骨细胞的体外培养及鉴定

[目的]建立体外培养及鉴定大鼠胫骨生长板软骨细胞的方法.[方法]采用胰酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶序贯消化法对5～8只3周龄SD大鼠胫骨生长板软骨行体外分离、培养并传至第6代、观察各代软骨细胞形态,MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线,Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,阿力新蓝染色检测各代软骨细胞外基质硫酸糖氨多糖(GAG)含量和结构,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测各代细胞Ⅱ型胶原和aggreacan mRNA表达水平.[结果]体外培养的软骨细胞随着传代次数的增加,细胞形态由原代的多角形逐渐变为长梭形;MTT比色法显示,4代以前的软骨细胞的生长曲线近似"S"形,在第4～8天细胞呈对数生长,在第9～10天达平台期,至第11天开始出现生长抑制.4代以前的软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化呈强阳性.原代至第6代软骨细胞的GAG含量、长链分子百分比分别为0.35±0.04,(83.0±3.6)%;0.33±0.02,(78.7±4.2)%;0.31±0.06,(77.7±2.3)%:0.30±0.05,(77.0±5.3)%;0.14±0.01,(44.3±4.0)%;0.10±0.01,(39.3±2.5)%及0.07±0.01,(28.0±2.0)%,显示从第4代后随着传代次数的增加逐渐下降(P<0.05),Ⅱ型胶原和aggreacan mRNA表达水平亦显著减少(P<0.05).[结论]本研究所采用的软骨细胞分离和培养的方法,能在短时间内获得高纯度和高存活率的软骨细胞,第3代及以前的细胞保留了软骨细胞的表型特征,增殖较快,这一方法为更深入地从细胞水平研究儿童的生长提供了可靠有效的模式.     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外软骨向诱导的实验研究

目的:体外分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),并定向诱导其向软骨细胞表型分化。方法:抽取兔股骨骨髓,经密度梯度离心与贴壁培养分离得到MSCs。用含有TGF-β、b-FGF、胰岛素、维生素C、转铁蛋白等的DMEM/Ham′s-F12培养基进行软骨向诱导。通过形态学观察,阿辛蓝-PAS特染及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色,鉴定经过诱导后细胞的软骨细胞的表型。结果:兔MSCs原代细胞呈梭形,克隆样生长,经过诱导培养7d后,细胞形态由梭形、多角形变为椭圆形,胞浆丰富,细胞核和核仁清晰可见。阿辛蓝-PAS和Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性。结论:密度梯度离心与贴壁培养两种方法相结合可获得相对高纯度的MSCs,该细胞经诱导后可向软骨细胞分化。     

人胎关节软骨细胞体外培养的生物学特性

目的：研究软骨组织工程中传软软骨细胞与原代的差异，方法：用5个月人胎关节软骨分离培养细胞，观察细胞存活率，贴壁率，生长曲线和组织形态学的改变。结果：（1）软骨块在4℃下，3天内细胞存活率可达93．4％－97．6％。（2）原代细胞为圆形或三角形；第4代有一半转变成梭形，到第6代全部变为长梭形。（3）传代细胞贴壁时间（2－3h)短于原代（4－7h)。玻璃瓶内贴壁率传代细胞为78．7％－85．5％，原代8．8％。（4）生长曲线表明，从原代到第4代都有高增殖力；到第8代时增殖降低；到第12代几乎丧失细胞增殖。结论：软骨块4度冷藏，3天内对细胞存活率无明显影响。第4代细胞壁壁快，增殖 ，适于作为组织工程用细胞，第8代以后不适合。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.