左氧氟沙星在治疗耐多药肺结核的作用分析

目的观察和评估左氧氟沙星合用其他抗痨方案在耐药肺结核（MDR-PTB）治疗中的疗效。方法将240例MDR—PTB病人随机分配至含左氧治疗组及不使用左氧对照组。治疗组方案为左氧为主联合利福喷丁、力克肺疾、吡嗪酰胺、丁胺卡那,对照组用利福喷丁、力克肺疾、吡嗪酰胺、丁胺卡那,疗程为20个月。结果226例病人完成疗程。治疗组120例,痰菌阴转103例（86％）;对照组120例,痰菌阴转59例（49％）;治疗组明显高于对照组,治疗组病灶吸收明显,空洞闭合均优于对照组。结论含左氧联合抗痨治疗MDR-TB效果明显。     

纤维支气管镜介入治疗耐多药空洞型肺结核

目的探讨纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）介入治疗耐多药空洞型肺结核的疗效。方法125例耐多药空洞型肺结核患者被随机分成2组,治疗组经纤支镜空洞内灌注含抗结核药物凝胶配合全身化疗,对照组仅采用全身化疗。结果治疗组在痰结核菌阴转率、空洞闭合率和支气管黏膜恢复方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论经纤支镜给药配合全身化疗治疗耐多药空洞型肺结核,疗效显著,优于单纯全身化疗。     

Case of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral cavitary lesions successfully treated by surgical treatment

A case was 38 years old male. He was pointed out abnormal shadow on chest X-ray and complained respiratory infection symptoms. He had not past history of tuberculosis. He was diagnosed as multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a certain hospital and was referred to our hospital to undergo treatment. His drug sensitivity test by Ogawa medium was resistant to all anti-tuberculosis drugs except for kanamycin (KM) and enviomycin (EVM). His chest X-ray revealed large cavities in the right upper field and infiltrations in the right lower field and small cavitary lesions in the left lower field. The right pneumonectomy was done because he took anti-tuberculosis drugs but his sputum examinations continued to be smear and culture positive without improvement of the lesions. After the surgical treatment (right pneumonectomy), he continued anti-tuberculosis drugs therapy and the chest X-ray improved including the collapse of left lower cavitary lesions. This case was a difficult case to treat because of bilateral cavitary lesions. However he was successfully treated by the surgical treatment.     

A case of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis showing psychiatric adverse effect by cycloserine

A 45-year-old man with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis were referred to our hospital for treatment. We started chemotherapy with cycloserine (CS), ethionamide (TH), kanamycin (KM), pyrazinamide (PZA), para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and gatifloxacin (GFLX). Two months later, psychosis and seizure occurred and worsened day after day. We suspected that these symptoms were due to CS. After stopping CS, psychosis and seizure disappeared. After surgical operation, positive tubercle bacilli in sputum converted to negative both on smear and culture. He was successfully discharged from our hospital. We should take care on side effects with second-line drugs that are often used in treating multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.     

A case of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis after administration of standard anti-tuberculosis treatment for two times

We reported a case in which multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was recognized after two courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment. A 41-year-old woman who had received two courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital due to productive cough, high fever and positive sputum smear showing acid fast bacillus. In the past treatment, drug susceptibility was unknown because of culture-negative TB. Chest radiograph showed atelectasis of the right upper lobe. The pathological examination of surgically resected lung specimen revealed that atelectasis was formed by a granulation tissue with caseous necrosis progressed to the bronchus wall. We examined cultures three times using both solid and liquid media. Liquid culture of the first time specimen was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis after six weeks and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was recognized on drug susceptibility test. Thereafter she was treated with KM, LVFX, PZA and PAS, and maintained sputum smear negative for 7 months after treatment. Physicians must consider possibility of MDR-TB despite findings showing smear-positive and culture-negative TB.     

Treatment of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6 months.

SETTING: In 1992 the Seattle-King County Department of Public Health Tuberculosis Clinic began to treat patients with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis with a regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol daily for 6 months. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a review of clinical and bacteriological outcomes of treatment for patients who received the four-drug, 6-month regimen for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. DESIGN: A retrospective review of medical records of TB cases meeting the study criteria, a Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate resistant to isoniazid, and intent to treat with a 6-month course of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. RESULTS: Through December 1999, 44 consecutive patients with isoniazid-resistant, rifampin-susceptible tuberculosis were started on the four-drug, 6-month daily regimen. Among 42 patients followed until completion of therapy, three required changes in the regimen due to side effects. There was one case of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Among 39 patients with pulmonary involvement, 37 converted sputum cultures from positive to negative within 2 months of starting treatment. There were no treatment failures. On passive follow-up of at least 2 years on all patients, two patients relapsed. The single patient with bacteriological relapse did not develop further drug resistance. CONCLUSION: The regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol given daily for 6 months produced successful outcomes when used in a public health tuberculosis clinic as routine therapy for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.     

经皮肺穿刺注药治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的近远期疗效观察

目的 探讨CT引导经皮肺穿刺注药治疗耐多药空洞性肺结核的临床价值。方法将66例耐多药空洞性肺结核患者随机分为介入治疗组(33例)和单纯化疗组(33例),介入治疗组采用经皮肺穿刺注药联合抗结核药物治疗,单纯化疗组单用抗结核药物治疗,观察近远期疗效。结果疗程结束时,介入治疗组痰菌阴转率（70%）、病灶吸收率（73.3%）、空洞闭合率（50%）明显高于单纯化疗组的41.9%、41.9%和19.4% (P<0.05)。2组完成疗程时痰菌阴转者经1～2年随访,各有1例复发,复发率分别为4.8%和6.3%,2组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。介入治疗组无严重不良反应。结论CT引导经皮肺穿刺注药治疗耐多药空洞性肺结核的近期疗效有提高,操作安全,不良反应少。     

类固醇性结核病59例分析

目的分析类固醇性结核病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2001—2006年间在类固醇激素治疗过程中发现的59例住院结核病例。结果59例均经过12个月的抗结核治疗,有效率78.3％,5例死亡患者均为耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）,无缓解者8例;胸部Ｘ线表现病变广泛,病变缩小49例,空洞缩小12例;痰结核分枝杆菌菌阴转17例。结论类固醇性结核病重在预防,需定期随访X线胸片和痰抗酸染色镜检,及时治疗可以获得满意疗效。     

Short course chemoprophylaxis with rifampicin,isoniazid and pyrazinamide for tuberculosis evaluated in gold miners with chronic silicosis: A double-blind placebo controlled trial

Setting: A medical facility for approximately 90 000 gold miners employed on 24 South African gold mines.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide given for 3 months for the prevention of tuberculosis in men with silicosis.Design: A randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial with active 4-year follow up of subjects by routine radiographic screening.Results: A total of 382 gold miners with silicosis were randomised to receive rifampicin 600 mg, isoniazid 400 mg and pyrazinamide 1.25 g daily as Rifater® or a placebo. These men have been followed for 4 years since the end of the treatment period. Eleven men who received the combination tablet and 15 men who received the placebo tablet have developed tuberculosis (χ₂ dfl = 0.66, P = 0.4).Conclusion: This multi-drug short course chemoprophylaxis regimen has failed to prevent tuberculosis in miners with silicosis. Even if a larger study had demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the regimen as compared with placebo, the rate of tuberculosis in the men who received the three-drug regimen was unacceptably high.     

经纤维支气管镜导管介入治疗耐多药肺结核

目的 探讨纤维支气管导管介入对耐多药肺结核的治疗价值。方法 经纤维支气管镜导和介入空洞病灶内注入氧氟沙星及丁胺卡那霉素加化疗治疗耐多药肺结核４８例，与单纯化疗４０例进行对照研究。结果 经纤维支气管镜导管介入治疗组疗程结束时痰菌阴转率９２％，病灶显效率９６％，空洞闭合率２７％，均显著高于单纯化疗组的６３％、５８％及１０％（Ｐ〈０．０１－０．０５）。结论 经纤维支气管镜导管介入空洞病灶内主药加化疗治疗     

21例耐多药脊柱结核手术联合个体化化疗的临床分析

目的 回顾性分析手术联合药敏试验指导下的个体化抗结核化疗对耐多药脊柱结核的临床疗效。 方法 收集2006年2月至2010年6月解放军第三○九医院全军骨科中心收治、且符合纳入标准的21例耐多药脊柱结核。包括初治结核6例,复治结核15例。21例患者入院后根据病灶特点接受不同方式手术治疗,术后参照既往抗结核化疗史及药敏试验结果,制定个体化化疗方案并定期随访。分析其临床特征与耐药表型,回顾术后1、3、6个月及之后每6个月随访时的临床表现,X线片、CT及三维重建、MRI等影像学变化及实验室指标,评价植骨融合情况及疾病转归。 结果 复治结核既往化疗平均持续（19.3±15.8）个月(7～49个月)。19例接受了开放手术治疗,其中1例于术后5个月内固定失效,有4例术后局部复发;2例接受的是CT引导下置管灌洗术。术后个体化化疗平均持续18.3(18～20)个月,末次随访时11例术前伴神经功能障碍者均有不同程度改善,9例伴后凸畸形者术后均得到良好矫正,但其中1例伴后凸畸形者因术后内固定失效,末次随访时后凸矫正明显丢失。18例最终临床治愈,3例仍在接受化疗。 结论 基于药敏试验的化疗联合手术的个体化治疗方案有利于尽早治愈耐多药脊柱结核,解决严重并发症,并避免耐多药菌株的播散及获得性耐药的产生。     

莫西沙星治疗中青年耐多药肺结核的疗效

目的观察莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星辅助治疗中青年耐多药肺结核(MDR-PTB)的效果,并评价两药的用药安全性。方法将106例中青年MDR-PTB患者随机分为两组,在常规抗结核药物治疗基础上,A组(n=53)给予莫西沙星,B组(n=53)给予左氧氟沙星,两组均持续治疗12个月;比较两组的效果和不良反应。结果 A组的临床总有效率、痰菌转阴率、空洞关闭率均显著高于B组(P0.05);两组的不良反应率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论莫西沙星辅助治疗中青年耐多药肺结核的效果更好,不良反应率更低,更有效更安全。     

耐多药肺结核患者肾上腺皮质水平的临床研究

目的　探讨耐多药肺结核患者肾上腺皮质水平的变化规律。方法 采用放射免疫分析法对56例耐多药肺结核患者进行血清皮质醇含量测定,并与无耐药肺结核、正常健康人进行对比。结果 耐多药肺结核患者的皮质醇含量分别为842±168(8AM)、624±62(4PM),均明显高于非耐药肺结核组和正常组。结论 耐多药肺结核患者肾上腺皮质功能较正常人明显增加,且皮质醇分泌仍具有正常节律性。     

超长疗程阿米卡星在治疗耐多药肺结核中的疗效与药物安全风险分析

目的：分析超长疗程阿米卡星治疗耐多药肺结核的疗效及安全性。方法选择2010年1月至2014年3月共纳入符合研究条件的86例耐多药肺结核患者,按就诊顺序编号,均分为对照组与观察组2组,每组43例。均采用吡嗪酰胺(PZA)+盐酸乙胺丁醇(EMB)+对氨基水杨酸钠(PAS)+左氧氟沙星(LVFX)+丙硫异烟胺(PTH)化疗24个月,对照组加用阿米卡星6个月,观察组则采用超长疗程阿米卡星治疗12个月,共治疗24个月,观察治疗不同时间两组病灶吸收情况,统计痰菌阴转率,监测血常规、肝肾功能,观察药物安全性。结果①治疗6个月,两组治疗痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收率、治疗有效率对比差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),治疗12个月、18个月,观察组痰菌阴转率分别为68.29%、73.17%,均高于对照组(P <0.05);病灶吸收率分别为73.17%、78.05%,明显高于对照组的50.00%、52.50%(P <0.05);且其有效率分别为87.80%、85.37%,明显高于对照组的70.00%、70.00%,但仅治疗12个月对比差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。②观察组治疗期间耳毒性发生率高于对照组(P <0.05),其肾毒性、肝毒性发生率略高于对照组,但对比差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论超长疗程阿米卡星可提高耐多药肺结核患者痰菌阴转率,促进病灶吸收,改善疗效,虽长程用药患者耳毒性、肾毒性发生率高,但大部分均可逆。     

Epidemiological survey of hyperuricemia as an adverse reaction to antituberculous therapy with pyrazinamide

PURPOSE: Pyrazinamide is an antituberculous drug that is administered as a two-month course during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adverse reactions to pyrazinamide have been reported to include hyperuricemia. We performed a retrospective multicenter epidemiological survey to assess the relationship between various patient characteristics and the uric acid level, the changes of uric acid during pyrazinamide administration, and the use of medications for uric acid control as well as attacks of gout or arthralgia at the onset of hyperuricemia. A total of 226 patients who were admitted to four hospitals with pulmonary tuberculosis between January and December 2006 and received short-term intensive pyrazinamide therapy were studied. RESULTS: There were 172 men and 54 women with an average age of 59.5 years and an average body mass index of 19.8 kg/m2. The average serum uric acid concentration before pyrazinamide treatment was 4.73 +/- 1.78 mg/dl, while the average uric acid level after pyrazinamide treatment was 10.63 +/- 2.67 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than the pretreatment level (p<0.0001). During treatment, hyperuricemia (Serum uric acid > or = 8 mg/dl) was reported in 84.5% of patients and arthralgia developed in 4.42%. Although the therapy instituted in 51 patients (22.57%) had to be interrupted or discontinued due to liver dysfunction and skin rashes, which were probably caused by isoniazid and rifampicin, no patient ceased taking pyrazinamide due to an increase of uric acid. Drugs for uric acid control were administered to 21 patients (9.29%). Pyrazinamide is an important agent for intensive short-term antituberculous therapy. Hyperuricemia due to this drug can be managed by observation and does not require interruption of administration.     

Breakthrough neurological manifestation during appropriate antituberculous therapy of miliary tuberculosis

We report a 20-month-old girl with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis and normal neurological findings. While on treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 1 month, she developed weakness of the lower extremities without meningism or altered consciousness. A computerized tomogram revealed tuberculomas and basal arachnoiditis. The cerebrospinal fluid findings were compatible with tuberculous meningitis. She responded well to systemic corticosteroids.     

耐多药肺结核耐药基因突变与临床疗效探讨

目的　了解耐多药肺结核耐药基因的突变与临床疗效的关系,为耐多药肺结核的治疗提供参考依据。方法 108例病人痰标本用PCR-SSCP方法检测了五种耐药基因和传统的药敏试验,并与临床疗效进行比较分析。结果 耐多药肺结核耐药基因检测率分别是耐异烟肼的katG基因突变率为70.4%,耐利福平的rpoB基因突变率72.2%,耐链霉素的rpsL基因突变率71.9%,耐吡嗪酰胺的pncA基因突变率53.4%,耐乙胺丁醇的embB基因突变率31.7%,其中高浓度耐药菌的基因突变率远高于低浓度的突变率。根据药敏试验及耐药基因检测结果指导治疗,应用以KAOP为基础的化疗方案,配合患者过去未曾用过的1～2种抗结核药物,经过平均1.4年的治疗,108例耐多药病人74.1%的病人痰菌阴转,且67.5%的病人痰结核杆菌培养阴转,83.3%的病人病灶吸收好转,65.3%的空洞闭合,取得了临床上较为满意的疗效。结论 对耐多药肺结核进行耐药基因检测是一项重要工作,对指导治疗及预后判断有一定的参考价值。但尚需进行更多的观察。     

不同时期住院肺结核患者初始耐药调查分析

目的分析不同时期住院肺结核患者初始耐药的发生情况,为临床初治肺结核患者制订合理化疗方案提供依据。方法回顾分析北京结核病胸部肿瘤研究所1986年—1988年（设为I组）及2004年—2005年（设为Ⅱ组）住院的初治肺结核患者初始耐药情况。结果（1) 初始耐药率：Ⅰ组患者为27.2% (25/92),Ⅱ组为39.6%(65/164),2组经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.00,P=0.045);（2) 初始耐多药率：Ⅰ组患者为1.1% (1/92),Ⅱ组为15.9%(26/164),2组经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(χ²=13.57,P=0.00023)。结论住院肺结核患者初始耐药、耐多药呈上升趋势,提示临床医生针对初治患者也应行结核菌培养及药敏检查,及时发现初始耐药尤其是耐多药患者,选用敏感药物制订个体化初治方案,以减少延误,及早治愈患者。     

A case of giant tumorous shadow by pulmonary tuberculosis]

A 63-year-old woman who had been treated for myelodysplastic syndrome had a high fever. Chest radiography and computed tomography revealed a giant tumorous shadow from the right mediastinum to the hilum. She was treated with antibiotics but with little effect. The culture of bronchial washing fluid and sputum revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. There were no malignant cells in the sputum or bronchial washing fluid. Tumor markers were within normal limits. She was treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and pyrazinamide. On the sixth day of treatment, high fever disappeared, and sputum culture for tuberculosis became negative after two months. The size of the mass decreased with clinical improvement. The final diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Since the patient was a compromised host, the giant mass was considered to be induced by atypical response to mycobacterial infection.     

利福布汀治疗耐多药肺结核病的临床应用观察

目的评估利福布汀的化疗方案治疗耐多药肺结核患者的临床效果及安全性。方法将102例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组化疗方案为3BPaVEThAk/6BPaVETh/9BPaVE;对照组为3L2PaVEThAk/6L2PaVETh/9L2PaVE。结果强化期末及满疗程时,两组的痰菌阴转率与胸部影像学结果的显效率、有效率无统计学差异。不良反应以肝损害为主,两组的发生率均无统计学差异。随访后,两组的复发率的差异无统计学意义。结论在耐多药肺结核病的治疗中,利福布汀的疗效和耐受性可能与利福喷汀近似,具有良好的安全性和耐受性。