更年归肾丸对雌性去势大鼠神经递质和生殖内分泌的影响

目的:为探讨更年归肾丸临床治疗围绝经期综合征的作用机理,通过药理实验观察该方对雌性去势大鼠神经递质、生殖内分泌及子宫的影响.方法:将3-4月龄SD雌性大鼠(200 g±20 g)用手术去除卵巢后分为更年归肾丸中剂量组、高剂量组和妇复眷胶囊组,并与去势空白组和假手术组作对照.除去势空白组外,分别灌药20 d,然后处死全部大鼠,立即取血测定血清雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(珊);下丘脑β-内啡肽(β-EP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA);并用称重法计算出子宫指数.结果:更年归肾丸能明显升高去势大鼠下降的下丘脑β-EP、血清E2水平和子宫指数(P＜0.05),能明显降低去势大鼠升高的下丘脑DA、5-HT、5-HIAA水平(P＜0.05和P＜0.01).结论:更年归肾丸能明显提高雌激素水平,改善垂体前叶和下丘脑肽类神经递质的功能,纠正单胺类神经递质的紊乱,并能增加子宫重量,推测该药具有类雌激素样作用.     

更年归肾丸对雌性去势大鼠性激素与下丘脑神经递质调节作用的实验研究

目的:探讨更年归肾丸对雌性去势大鼠性激素与下丘脑神经递质的影响及作用机制.方法:采用3～4月龄SD雌性大鼠(200±20) g用手术摘除双侧卵巢建立去势更年期大鼠模型,随机分为更年归肾丸高、中剂量组和妇复春胶囊组,并与去势空白组和假手术组作对照.除对照组外,各组灌胃给药1次/d,连续20 d,用放射免疫法测定血清E2、FSH、LH和下丘脑组织中β-EP含量,荧光分光分析法测定下丘脑组织中NE、DA、5-HT、5-HIAA.结果:更年归肾丸与妇复春胶囊均可使去势大鼠血清E2值升高、FSH值降低,对LH值无显著影响;可使去势大鼠下丘脑β-EP值升高,DA、5-HT和5-HIAA值降低.结论:更年归肾丸能明显改善去势雌性大鼠下丘脑肽类神经递质的功能,纠正下丘脑单胺类神经递质的紊乱,并通过调节机体生殖内分泌功能而起到治疗更年期综合征的作用.     

滋阴补肾更年方对雌性去势大鼠生殖内分泌激素及肾上腺形态学的影响

目的观察滋阴补肾更年方对雌性去势大鼠生殖内分泌激素及肾上腺形态学的影响。方法将2~3个月龄SD雌性大鼠(200±20 g)用手术去除卵巢后分为滋阴补肾方大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组和己烯雌酚组,并与去势模型组和假手术组做对照,除模型组和假手术组灌生理盐水外,其余各组分别灌药45 d,然后处死全部大鼠。观察各组大鼠血清雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)含量及肾上腺形态学的变化。结果滋阴补肾更年方大、中剂量组能明显提高去势大鼠血清E2浓度(P0.05),降低血清FSH、LH浓度(P0.05),提高雌性去势大鼠肾上腺指数(P0.05),改善肾上腺皮质形态功能。结论滋阴补肾更年方具有类雌激素样作用,可调节机体的内分泌功能,缓解机体器官功能的衰退,改善下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴的功能是其可能作用机制。     

二至丸加味方对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型大鼠体内自由基和免疫功能的影响

[目的]观察二至丸加味方时衰老模型大鼠体内自由基和免疫功能的影响.[方法]选用2.5月龄SD大鼠60只,随机分为5组:正常对照组,模型组,二至丸加味方高、中、低剂量组(剂量分别为11.5、7.0、3.5 g·kg-1·d-1);除正常对照组以外,其他组均采用D-半乳糖300 mg·kg-1·d-1腹腔注射2个月复制亚急性衰老模型,二至丸加味方各组分别按设计剂量连续灌胃给药2个月.检测各组大鼠全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平和脾脏指数.[结果]模型大鼠全血SOD、血清IL-2水平以及脾脏指数均显著性降低,而血清MDA水平显著性升高(均P＜0.05);二至丸加味方高、中、低剂量组均可不同程度地升高SOD、IL-2水平及脾脏指数,降低MDA水平(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]二至丸加味方抗衰老的作用可能与其能清除自由基、提高机体免疫功能有关.     

消癥丸对乳腺增生大鼠性激素水平及抗氧化能力的影响

摘要 目的 探讨消癥丸对乳腺增生大鼠性激素水平及抗氧化能力的影响。方法 采用雌二醇和黄体酮干预雌性未孕大鼠诱导乳腺增生模型。阳性对照组予2mg/kg他莫昔芬灌胃,低剂量治疗组予0.62g/kg消癥丸灌胃,高剂量治疗组予2.48g/kg消癥丸灌胃。测量各组大鼠乳头直径和高度,HE染色观察各组大鼠乳腺组织病理学表现。检测各组大鼠血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、孕酮(progesterone,P)、催乳素(prolactin,PRL)及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平。结果 与模型对照组相比,高剂量治疗组大鼠乳头直径和高度显著降低(P<0.05),血清E2、PRL、MDA 水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清P、SOD、GSH-Px水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 消癥丸可有效改善大鼠乳腺增生,其作用机制可能与调节性激素水平、增强抗氧化能力有关。     

精血归颗粒对初老雌性大鼠生殖器官抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的 研究精血归颗粒改善围绝经期生殖器官衰萎状况的作用机制。方法 将初老雌性大鼠随机分为5组，设精血归颗粒高、中、低剂量组，尼尔雌醇阳性对照组，初老空白组；另设青年空白组。检测生殖器官MDA含量，SOD活力。结果 精血归颗粒能降低生殖器官MDA含量，提高SOD活力，与初老空白组相比具有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。作用类于尼尔雌醇，并达到青年空白组水平。结论 “填补精血，濡润阴器”之精血归颗粒能提高初老雌性大鼠生殖器官的SOD活力，减少MDA的堆积，增强其抗氧化作用，从而改善生殖器官的衰萎状况。     

葛根黄酮预处理对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨葛根黄酮预处理对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制.方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤(IR)组、葛根黄酮预处理(PFI)组.建立大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤模型,测定血清肌酐(Scr)与尿素氮(BUN)含量、肾组织匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px的活性及MDA的含量.结果:与IR组比较,PFI组Scr(P＜0.01)、BUN(P＜0.05)、MDA(P＜0.05)含量显著下降.而SOD(P＜0.01)、GSH-Px(P＜0.05)活力显著升高.结论:SOD、GSH-Px是重要的内源性保护物质,葛根黄酮可增加SOD、GSH-Px的活性、增加机体抗氧化和清除自由基的能力,从而发挥对肾缺血再灌注损伤的预防和保护作用.     

肾康丸对慢性间歇性缺氧致肾损伤大鼠氧化应激及炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨肾康丸对慢性间歇性缺氧致肾损伤大鼠氧化应激（OS）及炎症反应的影响。方法 采用间歇性缺氧/再氧合动物舱建立慢性间歇性缺氧（CIH）大鼠模型，将CIH大鼠随机分为模型组（n=10）、肾康丸组（n=10）及常规条件生长的正常组（n=10）。采用ELISA试剂盒检测各组SD大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及丙二醛（ MDA）水平，运用肾脏称重法比较三组大鼠肾体比，HE染色病理切片观察肾组织变化，qPCR检测肾组织低氧诱导因子-1α（ HIF-1α）、Gu/ZnSOD、MnSOD基因表达量，酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）与肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF）水平。结果 三组大鼠肾体比差异不明显（P＞0.05）；药物干预后，模型组大鼠血清SOD低于正常组、而MDA、IL-6与TNF α水平明显高于正常组（均P＜0.05），且模型组大鼠肾脏表现出肾小球系膜与基底膜增生；与模型组比较，肾康丸组大鼠血清SOD升高，而MDA、IL 6与TNF α水平明显降低（均P＜0.05），且HIF-1α基因表达量下降，Gu/ZnSOD、MnSOD基因表达量上升（均P＜0.05）。结论 肾康丸能降低CIH所致大鼠肾损伤的氧化应激与炎症反应。     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织自由基和抗氧化水平的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb)对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织自由基和抗氧化水平的影响.方法 从40只Wistar雄性大鼠中随机抽取10只作为正常对照组,其余大鼠用链脲佐菌素(STZ)加高脂高糖饮食制备2型糖尿病模型.造模动物筛选后,随机分为糖尿病组和治疗组,每组10只.治疗组给予EGb 10周后,取3组大鼠双侧睾丸和附睾组织.检测丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性.结果 3组大鼠睾丸、附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px、NOS活性问差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).糖尿病组大鼠睾丸、附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px和NOS活性与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗组大鼠睾丸组织中MDA水平及SOD、GSH-Px活性与对照组,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组大鼠附睾组织中MDA水平及SOD、GSH-Px、NOS活性与对照组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组大鼠睾丸和附睾组织中MDA、NO水平及SOD、GSH-Px和NOS活性与糖尿病组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠睾丸和附睾组织具有保护作用.     

鹿茸血酒对去势大鼠的升雌激素与抗氧化作用的初步研究

目的 观察日常饮用鹿茸血酒对雌性去势大鼠的雌激素水平及抗氧化的影响。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只:正常对照组（不手术,每日管饲生理盐水9.1 g/kg）;去势对照组(卵巢切除术后,每日管饲生理盐水9.1 g/kg);基酒对照组（卵巢切除术后,每日管饲基酒9.1 g/kg）;鹿茸血酒低、中、高剂量组（卵巢切除术后,每日管饲鹿茸血酒4.5 g/kg、 9.1 g/kg、13.6 g/kg）,干预31 d后,股动脉取血。采用黄嘌呤氧化法测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)的含量,使用酶联免疫法测定血清雌二醇(E2)的水平。结果 鹿茸血酒低剂量、中剂量和高剂量均可提高去势大鼠的血清E2（P<0.05）。鹿茸血酒低剂量和中剂量均可抑制去势大鼠血清SOD的下降,并且抑制MDA的上升（P<0.05）;低剂量组抑制去势大鼠血清SOD下降和MDA上升的作用更为明显（P<0.05）。结论 本研究条件下,日常饮用高剂量的鹿茸血酒31 d可提高雌性去势大鼠的雌激素水平,低剂量的鹿茸血酒具有抗氧化作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.