硬性透氧性角膜接触镜对单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童的矫治效果观察

目的 研究硬性透氧性角膜接触镜(RGP)对单眼屈光参差性弱视儿童矫治效果。 方法 选取2014年2月至2015年8月西安市中心医院收治的单眼屈光参差性弱视患儿110例。根据治疗方式的不同分为观察组59例,对照组51例。观察组予以RGP矫正视力,对照组则佩戴框架眼镜矫正视力。分别对两组患儿进行为期1年的随访,比较视力矫正情况,临床疗效,并发症发生情况以及患儿满意度。 结果 观察组配镜后1个月、6个月及12个月后矫正视力分别为(4.33±0.31)、(4.52±0.47)、(4.76±0.29),均高于对照组的(4.19±0.30)、(4.33±0.40)、(4.41±0.44),差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为67.80%(40/59),高于对照组的43.14%(22/51),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。观察组病人满意度为100.00%(59/59),高于对照组的90.20%(46/51),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。     

硬性透氧性角膜接触镜治疗单眼屈光参差性弱视的临床效果

目的 探讨分析硬性透氧性角膜接触镜(RGP)在单眼屈光参差性弱视患儿治疗中的应用效果.方法 选取2019年4月至2020年4月在上饶市爱尔眼科医院就诊的30例单眼屈光参差性弱视患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为RGP组(n=15)与常规组(n=15).RGP组患者使用RGP进行视力矫正;常规组患者佩戴框架眼镜进...     

学龄前儿童屈光参差与弱视

对82例学龄前儿童屈光参差性弱视进行了统计分析。结果表明:①学龄前儿童屈光参差性弱视以6岁组为多（占67.07％）;其类型以复性远视性屈光参差为主（占57.31％）;4岁、5岁、6岁三个年龄组之间的弱视深度无统计学差异（P>0.05）.②学龄前儿童屈光参差程度与弱视深度之间未见相关。但等效球镜差值≥4.00D与<4.00D者之间在弱视深度上有显著性差异（X~2=6.2713 P<0.05）文章还讨论了屈光参差性弱视的发病机理及学龄前儿童屈光参差的治疗.     

学龄前儿童屈光参差与弱视

对82例学龄前儿童屈光参差性弱视进行了统计分析，结果表明：①学龄前儿童光参差区性弱视以6岁组为多(占67．07％)；其类型以复性远视性屈光参差为主(占57.31％)：4岁、5岁、6岁三个年龄组之间的弱视深度无统计学差异（P>0．05)，②学龄前儿童屈光参差程度与弱视深度之间未见相关，但等效球镜差值>4．00D与<4．00D之间在弱视深度上有显性差异(X^2=6．2713 P<0．05)章还讨论了屈光参差性弱视的发病机理及学龄前儿童屈光参差的治疗.     

儿童屈光参差与弱视关系的分析

目的探讨儿童屈光参差和弱视的相关关系。方法选择不伴有斜视的屈光参差儿童124例,对所选病例测定裸眼视力、屈光状态、最佳的矫正视力并对测量数据进行分析。结果当远视参差〉1.0 D,近视参差〉2.0 D,散光参差〉1.0 D,弱视的发生率分别为43%、50%、43%;屈光参差〉3.0 D,弱视发生率达100%。结论儿童屈光参差可严重损害患儿的视力,随着屈光参差程度的增加,弱视发生率也随之增加。     

远视性屈光参差性弱视的临床分析与疗效观察

目的探讨远视性屈光参差性弱视年龄与弱视程度及疗效的关系。方法对101例远视性屈光参差性弱视儿童进行综合疗法治疗,观察疗效并进行统计学分析。结果初诊年龄越大,弱视程度越重 3～6岁组疗效优于7～9岁组,7～9岁组优于10～12岁组 3～6岁组与7～9岁组疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,10～12岁组与3～6岁组、7～9岁组疗效有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论远视性屈光参差性弱视治疗的关键是早期发现、早期治疗,年龄越小,程度越轻,疗效越好。     

不同遮盖时间对单眼轻中度儿童屈光参差性弱视的疗效观察

目的 探讨2 h·d-1与4 h·d-1遮盖治疗儿童单眼轻中度屈光参差性弱视的临床效果.方法 将单眼轻中度屈光参差性弱视患儿77例,按随机数字表法分成A组和B组,年龄2.5~6岁,均门诊进行精确验光矫正配镜;A组采用矫正镜与2 h·d-1遮盖+目力训练治疗;B组采用矫正镜与4 h·d-1遮盖+目力训练治疗.比较两组在为期6个月的治疗过程中弱视眼最佳矫正视力(BCVA)改善情况.结果 A组与B组在治疗1个月时弱视眼BCVA差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而在治疗3个月时两组间弱视眼BCVA差异性缩小,但仍差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),6个月后两组弱视眼BCVA比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05).结论 单眼轻中度儿童屈光参差性弱视治疗早期遮盖时间越长,视力提高越快,6个月后视力提高和遮盖时间无相关性.对此类患儿短时小遮盖治疗效果肯定,依从性好.     

儿童屈光参差性弱视三维频域光学相干断层扫描的研究

目的研究儿童屈光参差性弱视与黄斑区厚度、视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度的关系,探讨屈光参差性弱视发病的外周机制。方法从门诊患者中,随机选取屈光参差性弱视儿童(4¹4岁)35例,进行双眼视力,散瞳验光查屈光度检查,使用三维频域光学相干断层扫描(3D-OCT)对黄斑区厚度及视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度进行检测。比较屈光参差弱视患儿的弱视眼与优势眼的黄斑区厚度及视神经周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度的差异。结果患儿平均年龄(9.2±2.8)岁,所有图像质量评分≥6分,弱视眼平均黄斑区厚度(288±15)μm,对比优势眼平均黄斑区厚度(281±12)μm,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论使用3D-OCT检查,儿童屈光参差性弱视眼的黄斑区平均厚度较优势眼显著增厚。但优势眼和弱视眼的黄斑中心凹厚度,黄斑中央区,内环区及外环区视网膜厚度之间无明显差异。儿童屈光参差性弱视眼的视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层厚度较优势眼也无显著变化。     

RGP镜片矫正圆锥角膜的疗效评价

目的 评价硬性透气性隐形眼镜(RGP)对圆锥角膜眼的治疗效果.方法 30例(43眼)圆锥角膜患者配戴RGP,观察视力、配适状况及并发症.结果 配戴RGP后,19眼矫正视力≥1.0,平均视力增加4行,均好于框架球柱面联合镜.眩光及视物变形症状均明显改善.随访6～12个月,本组病例配适良好,除少数病例出现点状角膜上皮脱落经...     

球性RGP角膜接触镜矫正轻度散光的临床应用

目的:观察球性硬性透气性角膜接触镜(rigid gas permeable contact lens,RGP)矫正轻度散光的效果.方法:对25例42眼轻度散光眼进行球性RGP验配,对比裸眼视力、框架眼镜矫正视力和RGP矫正视力.结果:所有散光眼的框架眼镜矫正视力和球性RGP矫正视力均明显高于裸眼视力,三组视力值之间均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:球性RGP用于矫正轻度散光安全、有效,值得推广与应用.     

硬性透气性角膜接触镜矫正白内障术后无晶体眼的临床应用

目的:探讨硬性透气性角膜接触镜(rigid gas permeable contact lens,RGP)矫正各种白内障术后无晶体眼的效果.方法:对26例各种原因所致白内障术后无晶体眼进行RGP验配,对比裸眼视力、框架眼镜矫正视力和RGP矫正视力.结果:所有患眼的框架眼镜矫正视力和RGP矫正视力均明显高于裸眼视力,3组视力值之间差异均有显著的统计学意义.结论:RGP用于矫正无晶体眼是安全有效,值得推广应用.     

屈光性调节性内斜视屈光参差对弱视及远期立体视觉的影响

目的 探讨屈光性调节性内斜视患儿屈光参差与弱视检出率相关性及对远期立体视觉的影响.方法 收集2010年3月-2016年4月在眼科门诊就诊且资料完整已治愈的屈光性调节性内斜视患儿146例,回顾性收集所有病历资料,根据初诊时检影验光的等效球镜(SE)值将患儿分为低度组(n=92),中度组(n=31),高度组(n=23),所有患儿初次就诊时,对眼位进行检查,完成检影验光,均行全矫配镜,对合并有弱视的患儿同时进行弱视治疗.于末次随访时,对远近距离立体视觉进行测定.结果 高度组患儿初诊时弱视检出率均高于中度组和低度组,且中度组高于低度组,均差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.088、61.924、54.482,P=0.043、P<0.001、P<0.001);与初诊时结果相比,末次随访检影验光双眼SE差≤1.0 D患儿比例显著升高,而1.0 D<双眼SE差<2.5 D和双眼SE差≥2.5 D患儿比例均降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.344,P<0.001);与初诊时相比,中度组和高度组患儿末次随访时屈光参差均降低,均差异有统计学意义(t=7.943、17.391,均P<0.001);高度组患儿末次随访时立体视盲比例均高于中度组和低度组,且中度组高于低度组,均差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.891、32.986、5.682,均P<0.001).结论 屈光性调节性内斜视伴屈光参差患儿初诊屈光参差越大,弱视检出率越高,末次随访时立体视觉恢复越差.     

Effects of operational conditions on the supercritical solvent impregnation of acetazolamide in Balafilcon A commercial contact lenses

In this work we employed a supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) process using a scCO₂ + EtOH (5% molar) solvent mixture to impregnate acetazolamide (ACZ) into commercially available silicone-based soft contact lenses (Balafilcon A, Pure Vision™, Bausch & Lomb^®). Contact lenses (SCLs) drug-loading was studied at 40 °C and 50 °C, and from 15 MPa up to 20 MPa, and using low depressurization rates in order to avoid any harm to SCLs. The effect of impregnation processing time on the loaded ACZ amounts was also studied (1, 2 and 3 h). In vitro drug release kinetics studies were performed and the released ACZ was quantified spectrophotometrically. Several analytical techniques were employed in order to characterize the processed and non-processed SCLs in terms of some of their important functional properties. Obtained results demonstrated that ACZ-loaded therapeutic Balafilcon A SCLs can be successfully prepared using the employed SSI process. Furthermore, it was possible to control ACZ loaded amounts and, consequently, to adjust the final ACZ release levels into the desired therapeutic limits, just by changing the employed operational conditions (P, T, processing time and depressurization rate) and without change some of their most important thermomechanical, surface/wettability and optical properties. Obtained soft contact lenses can be potentially employed as combined biomedical devices for simultaneous therapeutic and correction of refractive deficiencies purposes.     

Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)

Clinical evaluation was made on cefoperazone (CPZ) and the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Serum concentrations of the drug after a one-shot intravenous injection of 22.2 mg/kg were 77 mcg/ml (30 minutes), 50 mcg/ml (1 hour) and 8.9 mcg/ml (4 hours) and T 1/2 of serum concentration was 68.5 minutes. A 35-day-old female with obstructive jaundice associated with choledochal cyst was given by a 30-minute drip infusion of 26.8 mg/kg of the drug. Serum concentration was 90 mcg/ml at the end of infusion, slowly declined thereafter, and was 47.5 mcg/ml at 6 hours. Its T 1/2 was 395 minutes. A patient with pyelonephritis complicated with right hydronephrosis was similarly treated with 24.4 mg/kg. T 1/2 of serum concentration was not prolonged, i.e., 82.1 minutes, but urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was decreased to 15.9%. (2) Five patients, including three with pyelonephritis (causative organism: K. pneumoniae 2 and P. aeruginosa 1) and each one patient with pneumonia (unknown) and with postoperative infection (S. faecalis), respectively, were treated with 66.7 approximately 96.8 mg/kg/day of CPZ in 3 divided doses for 5 approximately 12 days either by one-shot intravenous or by 30 approximately 60-minute drip infusion. An overall efficacy rate was excellent in 3 and good in 2, and there was no failure. Causative organisms disappeared in all cases. (3) Although one patient was excluded from the study because the diagnosis was supposed to be viral pneumonia, all six patients who were given CPZ did not exhibit any adverse reactions except for mild eosinophilia in two instances. (4) The foregoing results as well as the review of the literature clearly indicate the effectiveness of CPZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in children (author's transl)

Clinical trial of cefotiam was made in children and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacodynamic studies of the drug in CSF of experimental staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits showed a CSF/serum ratio of T 1/2 of 3.52, which was relatively high, but a percentage of CSF/serum ratio of AUC of only 3.42% up to 3 hours, suggesting a low efficiency of passage of the drug into CSF. 2. Blood concentrations of the drug were determined in children after an intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg and were 46 mcg/ml (15 min.) and 26 mcg/ml (30 min.), T 1/2 being 40.8 min., Urinary recovery rate was 91.3% up to 4 hours in one patient and 61.9% up to 6 hours in another, respectively. 3. Thirteen patients with the following 14 episodes of infections were treated with cefotiam; urinary tract infection (5 cases), pneumonia (5), empyema (1), tonsillitis (1) and suspected sepsis (2). An overall efficacy rate was 100%, i. e., excellent in 12, good in 2 and no failure. No adverse reactions were clinically discernible and only laboratory abnormalities were transient or slight elevations of transaminase levels in 2 patients. 4. Based on the above results, it was concluded that cefotiam is a potent new antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections. Spectrum and antibacterial activity of the drug suggest that the drug particularly indicated for pneumonia.     

Clinical evaluation of cefotiam therapy in children (author's transl)

Cefotiam (CTM) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-six patients were treated with 40 to 200 mg/kg per day of CTM by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (4), empyema (2), urinary tract infection (2), typhoid fever (1), acute enterocolitis (2), partially-treated purulent meningitis (1), and suspected septicemia in neuroblastoma (1); and the remaining ten patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (1), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), Salmonella typhi (1), and Campylobacter jejuni (1). All but two patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CTM therapy, and the rate of efficacy was 87.5%. Diarrhea (3), urticaria (1), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (1), and transient eosinophilia (3) were found to be associated with the CTM therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum CTM level was 0.93 +/- 0.13 hours, and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 21 mg/kg of CTM in a case with inflamed meninges was 1.5 mcg/ml, and the CSF/serum ratio was 9.0%. From these data, CTM appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.