精液参数对宫腔内人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的探讨处理后前向运动精子总数（PTMS）及精子正常形态对宫腔内人工授精（IUI）妊娠率的影响。方法收集接受了共417周期IUI治疗的216对不孕夫妇。按处理前精子形态,将其分为形态正常组（正常形态精子百分比：〉15%,n=45）、轻度畸形组（正常形态精子百分比：〉10%-15%,n=103）、中度畸形组（正常形态精子百分比：〉5%-10%,n=186）和重度畸形组（正常形态精子百分比：≤5%,n=83）。根据PTMS将其分为5组,第Ⅰ组：PTMS〈2×106,第Ⅱ组：2×106≤PTMS〈5×106,第Ⅲ组：5×106≤PTMS〈10×106,第Ⅳ组：10×106≤PTMS〈20×106,第Ⅴ组：PTMS≥20×106。比较各组妊娠率。结果 216对不孕夫妇临床妊娠73例,周期临床妊娠率17.50%。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组患者的临床妊娠率分别为3.3%、15.8%、24.1%、15.0%和21.4%。形态正常组、轻度畸形组、中度畸形组和重度畸形组患者的临床妊娠率分别为20.0%、20.4%、19.4%和8.4%。结论当PTMS〈5×106或正常形态精子百分比低于5%时,IUI妊娠率显著下降。     

精液优选后前向运动精子数对夫精人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的探讨精液优选后前向运动(PR)精子数对夫精人工授精(IUI)妊娠率的影响。方法回顾分析2012年8月至2017年8月,440例不孕患者1 010个IUI周期的临床资料,按PR精子数分为A、B、C及D组,对各组妊娠率进行比较分析,并统计分析不同治疗方案及不孕类型各组妊娠率的差异。结果周期总妊娠率为13.66%,A、B、C及D组妊娠率分别为7.27%、11.16%、17.79%及13.81%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);总临床妊娠率为11.88%,A、B、C及D组临床妊娠率依次为5.45%、9.44%、16.35%及11.87%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。促排卵周期患者总临床妊娠率为13.57%,各组临床妊娠率为5.13%~19.53%,有随着PR精子数增多而提高的趋势,高于自然周期患者的8.94%(6.25%~11.25%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。原发不孕患者在PR精子数10×106时,临床妊娠率高于继发不孕患者(P0.05),其余差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IUI妊娠率并不会随着优选后PR精子总数的增多而明显提高,结合使用促排卵治疗方案可适当提高妊娠率。     

精子DNA损伤与夫精宫腔内人工授精妊娠率的关系

[目的]探讨精子DNA损伤对夫精宫腔内人工授精(IUI)妊娠率的影响.[方法]收集本中心202个夫精宫腔内人工授精周期的临床资料,根据精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)将202个周期分为三组:A组:DFI＞30%,B组:30%≥DFI＞20%,C组:DFI≤20%,比较三组妊娠率.[结果]DFI＞30%的为5周期,妊娠数为0,周期妊娠率为0;30%≥DFI＞20%的为62个周期,妊娠数为6,周期妊娠率为9.68%;20%≥DFI的为135个周期,妊娠数为23,周期妊娠率为17.04% ;B组、C组妊娠率显著高于A组,但C组妊娠率显著高于B组,其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).妊娠组的DFI(14.01±11.28)%显著低于非妊娠组精液DFI为(18.25±13.17)%,其差异有统计学意义.[结论]精子DNA的完整性与IUI结局密切相关;DFI可作为预测IUI结局、评价男性不育的临床指标.     

精子DNA完整性、诱发顶体反应与夫精宫腔内人工授精妊娠率的关系

目的探讨精子DNA完整性和诱发顶体反应与夫精宫腔内人工授精(AIH-IUI)临床妊娠率的关系。方法对相同促排方案的151个IUI周期的患者进行精子DNA碎片化指数(DFI)和钙离子载体激发顶体反应(ARIC)检测,分析精子DNA完整性和诱发顶体反应与AIH-IUI临床妊娠率的关系。结果妊娠组DFI%为(20.6±9.5)%,非妊娠组为(31.5±13.6)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);将患者分为DFI%≤30%和DFI%30%两组,其临床妊娠率分别为14.0%和6.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。妊娠组ARIC%为(14.1±4.6)%,非妊娠组为(8.2±2.7)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);将患者分为ARIC%≥10%和ARIC%10%两组,其临床妊娠率分别为18.6%和7.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论精子DFI%和ARIC%与AIH-IUI临床妊娠率有关。     

密度梯度离心法分离精子在宫腔内人工授精中的应用

目的:探讨密度梯度离心法应用于宫腔内人工授精的精子分离时精子指标的变化及精子形态对回收率的影响.方法:选择2008年9-10月间所有进行宫腔内夫精人工授精的51份精液,采用密度梯度离心法分离精子,记录精子分离前后的各项指标,计算回收率并作统计分析.结果:(1)精子存活率由(53.63±15.94)%提高至(88.75±9.69)%(P＜0.05),平均回收率为(25.84±16.57)%.(2)正常形态精子比例由9%提高至18%(P＜0.05),各类畸形精子均显著减少,尤其颈部和尾部畸形的精子减少最为明显.(3)根据处理前精子正常形态的比例分为≤4%、5%～14%、≥15%3组,分离后精子存活率分别为(80.45±14.05)%、(91.32±7.30)%、(90.00±4.33)%(P=0.004),回收率分别为(19.67±10.49)%、(28.51±16.87)%、(41.14±15.02)%(P=0.013).精子正常形态比例与回收率呈正相关(r=0.456,P=0.001).结论:密度梯度离心法可以有效回收活力好、形态正常的精子,对于去除颈部和尾部畸形的精子效果更好,精子正常形态与回收率呈正相关.     

某地区5306例生育前精液质量与解脲脲原体感染情况探讨

目的探讨上海地区生育前精液质量现状及解脲脲原体(UU)对精子质量的影响。方法收集2014年1月至2015年11月符合标准的5 306例生育前男性行精液检查,按照年龄、UU感染情况进行分组,分析比较各组精液指标。结果精液pH值(7.27±0.14),精液量(3.15±1.42)mL,精子浓度(57.51±40.22)×106/mL,精子总数(172.83±134.90)×106,A级与B级精子总和(38.50±17.54)%,总活力(46.36±20.08)%,活动精子总数(89.86±92.82)×106。20~29岁年龄组男性精子总活动力为(49.60±20.70)%,活动精子总数为(93.40±95.83)×106,大于其余各组。2 311例(43.55%)UU阳性,UU阳性组精子总数、活动精子总数、精子浓度、A级精子率、A+B级精子率、精子总活力、精浆酸性磷酸酶、精浆α-糖苷酶及精浆果糖明显低于UU阴性组(P0.01),UU阳性组精液酸碱度及精浆锌明显低于UU阴性组(P0.05)。结论上海地区生育前男性精液质量不良,UU在生育前检查具有重要的作用。     

宫腔内人工授精中应用上游法和密度梯度离心法的系统评价

背景:精子体外优选方法很多,最常见的是上游法和密度梯度离心法.采用何种方法来减少体外处理过程对精子的不良刺激,优选出具有良好受精潜能的精子,目前尚无定论.目的:系统评价上游法和密度梯度离心法在宫腔内人工授精中的应用,比较两种精子优选法的优劣.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE等数据库,手工检索专业相关期刊,检索时间为1966-01/2009-02.纳入关于两种精液优选法在宫腔内人工授精中应用的随机对照试验或半随机对照试验,评价纳入研究的方法学质量,并提取有效数据用RevMan 5.0.软件进行Meta分析.结果与结论:纳入6个研究,包括4个随机对照试验和2个半随机对照试验,共486例患者,1099个周期(优选精子的次数).Meta分析结果显示,上游法与梯度离心法相比,周期妊娠率[OR=1.11,95%CI(0.8,1.55)]、流产率[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.09,1.04)]、精子密度[WMD=-0.89,95%CI(14.17,12.38)]、精子活力[WMD=2.31,95%CI-7.27,2.65)],4项测最指标差异均无显著性意义.尽管与其他精子优选法相比,上游法与梯度离心法的周期妊娠率较高,但是该系统评价结果还不能提示这两种方法在宫腔内人工授精应用中何者临床效果更好.建议今后进行更多高质量的随机双盲对照试验为临床提供最佳证据,并且增加处理前后精子的质量对比,包括精子活力、精子密度以及精子功能等指标测量,以全面考察两种方法的优劣.     

不育男性精浆中过氧化氢测定在评估精液质量中的意义

目的:探讨精浆中过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)测定在评估精液质量中的应用价值。方法:收集79例男性不育患者的精液标本,按照精子密度分为A1组(精子密度≥15×106/mL)和A2组(精子密度<15×106/mL);按前向运动精子总数分为B1组(前向运动精子总数≥7.2×106)、B2组(前向运动精子总数<7.2×106);按照精子活动率分为C1组(活动率≥40%)和C2组(活动率<40%)。用比色法测定得出精浆中过氧化氢浓度,使用精子自动分析仪进行精液分析。计算出每106个精子所产生的过氧化氢含量(H2O2/精子密度),然后比较不同组之间的H2O2浓度和H2O2/精子密度有无差异。结果:(1)A1、B1和C1组中的精浆中H2O2与A2、B2、C2组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)A1、B1、C1组中H2O2/精子密度分别低于A2、B2、C2组(P<0.05)。结论:检测精浆中的H2O2可反映不育人群的精液质量,与单纯测定精浆中过氧化氢浓度相比,计算H2O2/精子密度在评估男性不育患者的精液质量方面有更高价值。     

注入前向运动精子数对丈夫精液宫腔内人工授精妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨注入前向运动精子数对丈夫精液宫腔内人工授精（IUI）临床妊娠结局的影响。方法 2007年1月至2011年12月在我院生殖中心接受IUI的不孕症夫妇137对,共216个周期,按宫腔内注入的前向运动精子数（Processed to-tal motile sperm count,PTMS）分为4组：A组≤3×106,B组（3～10）×106,C组（10～20）×106,D组〉20×106,比较各组临床妊娠率。结果本组资料IUI总的妊娠率为10.19%,A组临床妊娠率低于B组和C组,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论宫腔内注入PTMS在（3～20）×106范围内可获得理想的临床妊娠率,适宜进行宫腔内人工授精。PTMS≤3×106时,建议行体外授精/卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植（IVF/ICSI-ET）。     

两种精液优化法在宫腔内人工授精中的应用效果分析

目的探讨密度梯度离心法与直接上游法两种方法优化处理精液行宫腔内人工授精(IUI)对精子动态参数和妊娠率的影响。方法根据精液检查结果将IUI妇女分为2组,A组:采用直接上游法;B组:采用密度梯度离心法,优化处理精液后行IUI。比较两种方法处理后的精子检测结果与妊娠结局。结果两种方法处理前、后精子密度、活率、活力(a+b)、前向运动精子总数(PTMS)的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种方法处理后,各项指标的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组间临床妊娠率的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种方法处理精液均可改善精子动态参数,但行IUI后临床妊娠率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.