视频眼震电图对突发性聋伴眩晕患者前庭功能的诊断价值分析

目的探讨视频眼震电图对突发性聋伴眩晕患者前庭功能的诊断价值。方法将2013年2月~2017年12月收纳的500例突聋患者作为研究对象,根据是否合并眩晕分为眩晕组（180例）和非眩晕组（320例）,所有患者入院后进行纯音听力测试、视频眼震电图（videonystagmograph,VNG）检测等,比较眩晕组和非眩晕组患者纯音测听和视频眼震电图检测结果,同时统计患者平坦型、全聋型、低频型、中频型、高频型的听力曲线例数及冷热试验的前庭功能评价结果,并比较组间差异。患者根据视频眼震电图和相关检测结果进行对应治疗,统计两组患者的治疗效果。结果①眩晕组患者的前庭功能正常比例（48.9%）显著低于非眩晕组（83.8%）（P＜0.05）;听力学结果显示听力损失严重者比例（67.2%）显著高于非眩晕组（28.1%）,轻度患者比例（8.3%）明显低于非眩晕组（40.0%）（P均＜0.05）;②患者的听力曲线主要有平坦型108例,其中前庭功能异常15例（13.9%）;全聋型78例,其中前庭功能异常34例;低频型100例,其中前庭功能异常28例（28.0%）;中频型94例,其中前庭功能异常25例（26.6%）;高频型120例,其中前庭功能异常42例（35.0%）。表明全聋型曲线前庭功能异常率显著高于其他类型听力曲线患者,冷热试验结果表明前庭功能异常的主要表现为半规管轻瘫;③两组患者临床疗效其中眩晕组患者显效率26.7%（48/180）、有效率28.9%（52/180）及总有效率55.6%（100/180）明显低于非眩晕组的38.1%（122/320）、45.6%（146/320）及83.7%（268/320）（P均＜0.05）。结论突发性聋伴眩晕患者前庭功能受到明显损伤,采用视频眼震电图进行前庭功能检测对突发性聋伴眩晕患者的病情评估、诊断、治疗具有重要指导意义,值得临床借鉴。     

突发性聋患者的平衡障碍特征分析

目的 分析突发性聋患者平衡障碍的损伤特征。方法 本研究收集自2016年6月至2020年6月中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院收治并确诊单侧急性以及亚急性突发性聋患者105名。对患者行纯音听阈测试、冷热试验、前庭诱发肌源性电位以评估患者听力-前庭功能,通过感觉整合测试（SOT）评估其平衡功能。结果 1）本研究105名患者中,轻度听力损失17例,前庭功能损伤（23.53%,4/17）;中度听力损失18例,前庭功能损伤（38.39%,7/18）;重度听力损失28例,前庭功能损伤（64.29%,18/28）;极重度听力损失42例,前庭功能损伤（66.67%,28/42）。2)105名突发性聋患者的SOT结果显示,极重度听力损失患者VES＿LAT异常率显著高于其他患者组（c2=12.09,P=0.002）。3)93名突发性聋患者的患侧耳PTA与主观DHI评分具有显著的线性相关（P<0.001, r=0.71）。结论 突发性聋会导致患者眩晕及平衡障碍,极重度听力损失患者冠状方向的稳定性显著低于其他听力损失患者。患者的主观眩晕程度与听力损失的程度具有显著的相关性。     

前庭功能检查对突发性聋预后评估的意义

目的 评估突发性聋患者的前庭功能状况，探讨前庭功能与突聋预后的关系。方法 运用视频眼震图（video—nystagmograpy，VNG）技术检查50例突发性聋患者的前庭功能。结果 眼视动系统检查出现一项或以上异常共17例（34％）；变位试验诊断为后半规管良性位置性眩晕3例（6％）；温度试验单侧减弱23例（46％），伴优势偏向15例（30％）。无固视抑制失败。前庭功能与突发聋预后关系：伴发眩晕与否，其预后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；伴单侧半规管功能受损者高频及重度听力损失高于半规管功能正常者，其预后亦差，差异均有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 前庭功能检查对突发性聋预后评估具有一定的价值。突聋伴前庭功能损害者其高频或重度听力损失发生率高于突聋且前庭功能正常组，预后亦差。     

前庭康复在突发性聋伴眩晕治疗中的疗效分析

目的　分析突发性聋伴眩晕患者的眩晕症状在药物联合前庭康复治疗后的疗效。方法　将52例单耳突发性聋伴眩晕的住院患者随机分为研究组和对照组,入院后完善纯音测听、前庭功能检查（冷热试验、视频头脉冲试验（video-head impulsive test,VHIT）、眩晕障碍量表（dizziness handicap inventory,DHI）。两组患者根据不同类型听力曲线进行相应药物治疗,同时研究组进行前庭康复治疗,通过DHI量表评估眩晕改善情况。结果　52例突发性聋伴眩晕,34.62%为轻中度听力下降,65.38%为重度及极重度听力下降;71.15%患者有半规管功能减弱;治疗2周时,两组患者同组内分别与治疗前比较（t 研究组=18.42,t 对照组=11.55,P 均<0.05）;治疗4周时,两组患者同组内分别与治疗2周时比较（t 研究组=6.34,t 对照组=6.76,P 均<0.05）。两组间治疗2周时比较（t =6.07,P <0.05）和两组间治疗4周时比较（t =12.14,P <0.05）DHI评分差异性均具有统计学意义。结论　突发性聋伴眩晕的听力损失以重度及极重度为主;前庭功能可表现为正常或减退;前庭康复治疗能有效改善突发性聋伴眩晕患者的眩晕症状,加快眩晕患者恢复。     

突发性聋患者前庭功能的客观评价

目的　分析突发性聋患者在耳蜗受损的同时前庭功能受损的范围及客观评价方法,探讨不同听力损伤曲线类型突聋患者前庭功能损伤的差异。方法　选取60例 2016年8月～2018年8月在我科住院治疗的单侧突发性聋伴眩晕患者为实验组,其中低频下降型11例,平坦下降型15例,高频下降型18例,全聋型16例。健康自愿者60例为对照组,分别进行冷热试验、眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP）、颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位（cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP）及视频头脉冲试验（video head impulse test,vHIT）检测,分析前庭功能受损状况,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果　对照组冷热试验异常阳性率10.3%;oVEMP异常阳性率26.7%;cVEMP异常阳性率16.7%。实验组冷热试验异常阳性率68.3%;oVEMP异常阳性率60.3%;cVEMP异常阳性率43.7%,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义。对照组vHIT异常阳性率13.3%,实验组异常阳性率51.6%,与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义;全聋型及低频下降型突发性聋患者前庭功能异常阳性率比平坦下降型及高频下降型高,差异具有统计学意义,平坦下降型及高频下降型组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论   突发性聋伴眩晕患者在耳蜗受损同时可以伴有前庭功能不同范围受损。结合冷热试验、oVEMP、cVEMP及vHIT等相关检查可对突发性聋患者的前庭功能进行有效评估。全聋型及低频下降型突发性聋患者前庭功能损伤的发生率较平坦下降型及高频下降型高。平坦下降型和高频下降型患者比较,前庭功能损伤发生率无明显差别。     

眩晕与突发性聋的预后

为探讨眩晕与突发性聋预后的关系，对1972～1990年的1313名发作2周以内的单耳突发性聋患者进行了研究。男716人，女597人。年龄6～79岁。其中伴眩晕者392人（29．9％），无眩晕者915人（697％），不明者6人，将患者听力曲线分为5种类型；高频听力损失型；低频听力损失型；平坦型；深度听力损失型；其它。结果发现：伴眩晕者的平均年龄明显低于无眩晕组。眩晕在深度聋组发生率最高（692％），其次是高频聋组（43．3％），这两类患者在＜14岁年龄组比率较高。？65岁年龄组患者平坦型听力曲线多见。此外，按听力曲线分类研究后还发现：平坦型患…     

伴有眩晕的突发性聋眩晕的临床特点分析

目的 分析突发性聋伴发的眩晕的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年7月就诊于解放军总医院眩晕中心的伴发作性眩晕的突发性聋患者96例的临床资料,突发性聋及良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)的诊断根据中华医学会颁布的指南.分析其前庭功能特点及前庭与耳蜗症状出现的时间关系.结果 96例患者中BPPV23例(24.O%);余73例患者中一侧前庭功能低下者58例(60.4%),前庭功能正常者15例(15.6%).96例患者中46例患者可以提供准确的耳蜗症状与眩晕出现的时间:其中6例(13.0%)耳蜗症状与眩晕同时出现;耳蜗症状与眩晕出现的间隔时间＜1 h者4例(8.7%);1 h≤间隔时间＜24 h者21例(45.7%);13例(28.3%)在耳蜗症状出现数天后出现眩晕,最长为10 d;仅有2例(4.3%)眩晕的出现早于耳蜗症状.结论 突发性聋伴发的眩晕可以表现为前庭功能正常或低下,部分患者可以表现为BPPV,且耳蜗症状一般早于前庭症状出现.     

突发性聋伴眩晕患者颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位特点

目的　记录伴眩晕的突发性聋患者颈性前庭诱发肌源性电位（cervical VEMP,cVEMP）的参数特点,并探讨其临床价值。方法　将21例伴眩晕的突发性聋患者作为观察对象,设为突发性聋伴眩晕组,16例不伴有眩晕的突发性聋患者设为突发性聋组,22名健康受试者作为正常组,分析对比各组cVEMP潜伏期、振幅比和不对称率。结果 突发性聋伴眩晕组不对称率（26.52±11.83）%明显高于突发性聋组（14.50±8.31）%和正常组（14.41±9.80）%,差异有统计学意义（F =9.633和10.008,P 均＜0.05）。cVEMP的P1、N1潜伏期及振幅比在突发性聋伴眩晕组、突发性聋组和正常组3个组组间比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论　伴眩晕的突发性聋患者其球囊功能易伴有损伤,cVEMP可用于辅助判断突发性聋伴眩晕患者内耳的病变范围及损伤程度。     

影响突发性聋患者耳鸣疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响突发性聋患者耳鸣疗效的相关因素,为突发性聋伴耳鸣患者的临床诊治及预后判断提供依据。方法前瞻性分析比较117例突发性聋患者中符合入组条件的70例(74耳)突发性聋伴耳鸣患者的耳鸣疗效与性别、耳别、年龄、听力损失程度、听力曲线类型、耳鸣严重程度、听力损失疗效的关系。结果本组117例突发性聋患者中102例伴耳鸣(87.18%,102/117),其中,70例(74耳)入组对象中治疗后听力损失(耳)的总有效率为66.22%(49/74),耳鸣的总有效率为74.32%(55/74)。耳鸣疗效在不同性别、耳别、年龄、耳鸣程度患者之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);极重度聋、全聋型者的耳鸣总有效率明显低于其他各程度听力损失及各听力曲线类型者(P<0.01),听力损失疗效为无效者的耳鸣总有效率明显低于听力损失疗效为痊愈、显效、有效者(P<0.01)。结论伴耳鸣的突发性聋患者耳鸣疗效略好于其听力损失疗效,耳鸣疗效与性别、耳别、年龄、耳鸣程度无关;极重度听力损失、全聋型患者、听力损失治疗无效者的耳鸣疗效较差。     

伴或不伴眩晕的突发性聋的比较

目的探讨伴或不伴眩晕突发性聋的听力学和前庭功能检查结果的不同.方法25例突发性聋按伴或不伴眩晕分为两组,同时进行听力学、前庭功能等检查,包括纯音测听、听性脑干反应(ABR)、耳蜗电图、视频眼震电图(VNG)等,比较其检查结果的不同.结果突发性聋伴眩晕者发病时即多为重度或极重度感音神经性聋,耳蜗电图多表现为-SP/AP≥0.4,提示有膜迷路积水,与VNG表现出来的单侧减弱及优势偏向相对应,且可合并有耳石症.     

The effect of the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt operation on vestibular function.

Preoperative vestibular function was studied in 56 patients undergoing the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure for Ménière's disease by electronystagmographic recording of bithermal air caloric stimulation. Fifty-two percent had normal vestibular function while 48% had a reduced vestibular response on the affected side using 20% difference as being significant. Best results of surgery with relief of vertigo were found in the group of patients with normal preoperative vestibular function (82%) while the group with reduced vestibular response preoperatively showed 63% with a good result. Postoperatively, 81% had a reduced vestibular response in the operated-on ear with 62% obtaining relief of vertigo. In patients with normal vestibular function postoperatively excellent relief of vertigo was obtained. Of patients with normal vestibular function preoperatively, 69% developed a reduced vestibular response postoperatively with only 55% having relief of vertigo. The results of surgery could be predicted more accurately using the results of vestibular function tests than audiometric data. It appears that for best results the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt procedure should be performed early in the course of Ménière's disease when hearing is fluctuating and vestibular function is normal.     

Surgery for vertigo in the nonserviceable hearing ear: Transmastoid labyrinthectomy or translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section

Two of the surgical options that exist for the treatment of disabling vertigo arising from an ear with nonserviceable hearing are a transmastoid lab-yrinthectomy (TL) and a translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section (TLVNS). The major difference between the two operations is a section of the vestibular nerves with the TLVNS which removes all preganglionic vestibular tissue from the diseased inner ear. It has been inferred that a TLVNS should be the procedure of choice if hearing is not to be spared, because a TL results in an incomplete removal of preganglionic vestibular tissue, and that this remaining tissue might have continued or recurrent physiologic function resulting in further vertigo. The clinical outcome of 58 patients who had either TL or TLVNS for disabling vertigo arising from a nonserviceable hearing ear was investigated with respect to the control of vertigo and the development of postoperative balance dysfunction. The control of vertigo in the TLVNS and TL groups was 100% and 95.3%, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. There was a tendency for postoperative dys-equilibrium to be more frequent in the TLVNS group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. A TL appears to offer the same benefit as TLVNS in the control of intractable episodic vertigo without the additional risks of TLVNS.     

Vestibular system in patients with sensorineural hearing loss

A near localization of anatomical structures of an inner ear and possibility of damage caused by the same etiopathogenic factor implies that sensorineural hearing loss may be accompanied by vertigo and dizziness. The aim of a study was to evaluate a frequency of vestibular system dysfunction in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and to analyse it according to severity and type of the hearing loss. We evaluated a group of 126 persons which were treated in ENT Department during the last year from sensorineural hearing loss. In all subjects' audiological and ENG examinations were performed. A 50% of patients complained of vertigo and 30% of them--of dizziness. Abnormal ENG recordings were registered in 72% of persons especially in positional and visual ocular-motor tests. In the group without vertigo incorrect ENG tests were often recorded. In the group with vertigo the peripheral and mixed lesions in ENG examination were noted statistically more frequent. We found lack of correlation between magnitude and type of hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Only in the group-residual hearing/deafness were observed significantly more frequent peripheral vestibular dysfunction.     

伴眩晕的突发性聋患者椭圆囊-球囊功能分析

目的通过观察突聋伴眩晕患者主观垂直视觉(subjective visual vertical,SVV)偏斜和前庭诱发肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potentials,VEMP),了解椭圆囊-球囊功能与症状的关系。方法16例突聋伴眩晕的患者和10例突聋无眩晕的患者分别行SVV及VEMP检查。其中,6例突聋伴眩晕患者行前庭双温试验检查。结果伴晕眩的突聋患者中,VEMP异常者8例,正常8例;SVV异常6例,正常10例,且所有SVV异常者,VEMP均异常。不同程度听力损失之间VEMP正常与异常率无显著性差异(P>0.05),纯音听阈与SVV的关系在统计学上也无相关性(P>0.05)。结论突聋伴眩晕患者可伴有球囊和/或椭圆囊功能障碍,前庭上神经和前庭下神经损伤无特定的规律。全面的前庭功能评价有助于进一步了解伴眩晕的突聋患者的前庭功能状态。     

Vestibular nerve section versus intratympanic gentamicin for Meniere's disease

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:Vestibular nerve section and transtympanic gentamicin administration are procedures with proven efficacy in the treatment of vertigo associated with Meniere's disease refractory to medical management. Hearing loss is a known complication of each of these procedures; however, there has not been a report of hearing results of both treatments from a single institution. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Review was made of 25 patients undergoing gentamicin injection and 39 patients undergoing vestibular nerve section for Meniere's disease. Rate of vertigo control and pretreatment and post-treatment pure-tone average values and speech discrimination scores were reported. RESULTS: The mean preoperative pure-tone average for patients having vestibular nerve section was 47.2 dB, with a speech discrimination score of 75.4%. In these patients, the postoperative pure-tone average was 49.1 dB and the speech discrimination score was 75%. Patients undergoing gentamicin injection had a mean pretreatment pure-tone average of 55.9 dB and a speech discrimination score of 62%. The post-treatment pure-tone average and speech discrimination score for the gentamicin group were 68.8 dB and 49.3%, respectively. Five of 25 patients (20%) in the gentamicin treatment group and 1 of 39 (3%) in the vestibular nerve section treatment group had an increase in bone-conduction threshold greater than 30 dB. The amount of postprocedure hearing loss was significantly greater in the gentamicin treatment group (P =.006). Control of vertigo was good to excellent in 95% of the patients treated with vestibular nerve section and in 80% of the patients treated with gentamicin. CONCLUSION: Although vestibular nerve section and transtympanic gentamicin are both acceptable treatment options for vertigo associated with Meniere's disease, gentamicin causes a higher level of hearing loss related to treatment and vestibular nerve section has higher vertigo control rates.     

梅尼埃病与偏头痛性眩晕的听-前庭功能比较

目的探讨梅尼埃病与偏头痛性眩晕的听功能及前庭功能状态的不同特点,进行比较分析,为二者的鉴别诊断提供帮助。方法回顾性分析2007年5月至2008年9月山东省立医院眩晕门诊52例梅尼埃病患者与36例偏头痛性眩晕患者的临床资料,全部患者均在急性期或亚急性期行纯音测听、视频眼震电图、冷热试验、前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查,部分梅尼埃病及全部偏头痛性眩晕患者行高刺激率听性脑干反应检查,对二者的听力与前庭功能检查结果进行比较分析。结果梅尼埃病患者共52例,男24例,女28例,年龄14-70岁,平均45.8岁。纯音测听异常52例,均为单侧感音神经性聋。视频眼震电图检查示中枢性异常眼动10例。冷热试验异常37例,均为单侧半规管反应低下。前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查异常31例。行高刺激率听性脑干反应检查共32例,5例异常。偏头痛性眩晕患者共36例,男8例,女28例,年龄16-62岁,平均43.6岁。纯音测听异常9例,均为单侧轻至中度感音神经性聋。视频眼震电图检查示中枢性异常眼动17例。冷热试验异常8例,均为单侧半规管反应低下。前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查异常18例,高刺激率听性脑干反应检查异常22例。经统计学分析,二者纯音测听、中枢性眼动检查、冷热试验及高刺激率听性脑干反应的检查结果差异有显著性。结论与梅尼埃病相比,偏头痛性眩晕患者纯音测听及冷热试验异常较少见,中枢性服动检查及高刺激率听性脑干反应异常率较高。在结合患者病史及临床表现的基础上.以上检查可为二者的鉴别提供辅助参考。     

Retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy. 10 years' experience.

The advances in the diagnosis of the vertigo patient and in the transtemporal approach to the cerebellopontine angle, have promoted the development of the retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section, for the surgical treatment of vertigo with hearing preservation. In a 10 years period (1982-1992), 45 patients underwent a vestibular nerve section through the retrolabyrinthine approach. The vertigo was controlled in 95% of the entire series, with 86% of hearing preservation, 6% of hearing improvement and 6% of hearing loss.     

Hearing preservation in vestibular neurectomy

The goal of vestibular neurectomy is to control disabling vertigo while preserving hearing in patients with nonhydropic intractable peripheral vertigo or in patients with Meniere's disease in which an endolymphatic sac procedure has failed. Labyrinthectomy continues to be used to treat patients with intractable vertigo and serviceable hearing. We feel that a labyrinthectomy is contraindicated when any useful hearing remains. Vestibular neurectomy affords the surgeon a means to eliminate the abnormal vestibular input without sacrificing hearing. Two approaches have been used to section the vestibular nerves: the middle fossa approach since 1961 and the retrolabyrinthine approach more recently. Both approaches are effective in relieving vertigo while preserving hearing. This paper presents a statistical analysis of these two approaches. Although differences did exist, both were found to be highly successful in alleviating incapacitating vertigo and preserving hearing in a large percentage of patients.     

Factors relating to the vertigo control and hearing changes following intratympanic gentamicin for intractable Ménière's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To look for factors relating to the vertigo control and hearing changes after intratympanic injections of gentamicin (GM). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Tertiary referral medical center. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight patients with intractable Ménière's disease. INTERVENTIONS: Three intratympanic injections of GM (once per day for three consecutive days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Although five patients needed further GM injections or vestibular neurectomy because of poor control (Group I), 23 patients had their vertigo controlled for more than two years without further treatment (Group II). The number of vertigo spells per month, pure-tone audiometry, electrocochleography, caloric response, post-head shake nystagmus, and plasma vasopressin as a stress marker were examined. RESULTS: Before GM injections, there was no difference in the number of vertigo spells per month between Groups I and II. However, the hearing thresholds were higher in Group I. Hearing improvement, increase in percentage of canal paresis and induction of post-head shake nystagmus were observed after GM injections only in Group II. Even in the 11 patients who showed an improvement in hearing of more than 10 dB (hearing improvement group), percentage of canal paresis was increased after GM. More, premedication plasma vasopressin levels were lower in the hearing improvement group as compared with the hearing loss/no changes group. Four of eight patients became negative for dominant negative summating potential in electrocochleography after GM injections in the hearing improvement group. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the frequency of vertigo is not a key factor in the vertigo control after GM injections, that induction of vestibular damage in the injected ear is essential for the control of vertigo and this effect is mostly pronounced in patients with milder hearing loss, and that hearing improvement is not only a consequence of good vertigo control but also affected by the stress level before treatment.