功能性手术在治疗腮腺尾叶良性肿瘤中的临床应用

目的通过与传统术式比较,探讨功能性手术在腮腺尾叶良性肿瘤治疗中的临床应用。方法 72例腮腺尾叶良性肿瘤患者随机分为两组,传统术式组（38例）保留面神经,行肿瘤及腮腺浅叶切除术;功能性术式组（34例）行C形切口,保留面神经及耳大神经,行肿瘤及腮腺浅叶部分切除术,酌情行胸锁乳突肌瓣整复。所有患者术后随访0.5-5年,观察两组术后并发症发生率及肿瘤复发情况。结果两组患者肿瘤复发、涎漏、口干差异无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）,但两组术后暂时性面瘫、Frey综合征、耳廓区麻木感、面部凹陷畸形发生率差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺尾叶良性肿瘤,术后并发症少,优于传统术式。     

两种面神经解剖方式在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的比较研究

目的 比较两种面神经解剖方法在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中的临床疗效。方法 选择手术治疗的腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者62例,随机分成两组。观察组（32例）选择沿下颌缘支的逆行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤,对照组（30例）选择顺行法解剖面神经并切除肿瘤。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率。结果 观察组手术时间、术中失血量、术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳周麻木及面部凹陷畸形的发生率分别为（33.57±21.44）min、（31.14±28.36）ml、6.25%、12.50%、15.63%、6.25%和6.25%,对照组分别为（47.31±18.52）min、（44.22±23.82）ml、6.67%、10.00%、20.00%、16.67%和6.67%。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间短,术中失血量少,术后耳周麻木的发生率低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而术后面神经麻痹、涎瘘、Frey综合征及面部凹陷畸形,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤切除术中,沿下颌缘支的逆行法相比顺行法可缩短手术...     

腮腺良性肿瘤切除方式及远期疗效观察

目的 探讨腮腺良性肿瘤不同切除方式及其远期疗效,手术并发症的评定.方法 回顾性分析我科1999～2006年手术治疗腮腺肿瘤患者病历资料75例.根据患者病变情况分别采用腮腺浅叶部分切除、全切除,全腮腺切除.术后随访5～10年.结果 采用腮腺浅叶部分切除者术后瘢痕、面部凹陷畸形、暂时性面瘫、Frey综合征、耳垂麻木的发生及腮腺功能均优于浅叶全切及腮腺全切除术.3种手术方式的复发率差异无统计学意义.结论 3种手术方式各有其优缺点,对于界限清楚,直径小于2.0cm的浅叶良性肿瘤,应尽量采用腮腺浅叶部分切除术.     

腮腺良性肿瘤手术并发症的防治

腮腺良性肿瘤最常见的是腮腺多形性腺瘤，其他有腺淋巴瘤、囊腺瘤等，手术并发症有暂时性或永久性面瘫、唾液瘘、味觉出汗综合征（Frey综合征）、耳垂麻木等。本组对腮腺良性肿瘤手术方法进行改进，降低了手术并发症的发生率，效果满意，报道如下。     

腮腺肿瘤手术57例临床体会

目的探讨腮腺肿瘤手术方式、手术范围与治疗效果的关系。方法对1997～2003年间面神经解剖行腮腺肿瘤切除术57例(腮腺浅叶切除术51例，全腮腺切除术6例，1例行功能性颈淋巴结清扫术，术后加放疗4例)的临床随访资料进行分析。结果腮腺浅叶切除术51例中，并发暂时性面瘫5例，持续性面瘫1例，全腮腺切除6例中，并发暂时性面瘫2例，持续性面瘫2例，无腮腺瘘及Frey综合征，随访6月～7年无复发。结论腮腺良性肿瘤应施行解剖面神经的腮腺浅叶及肿瘤切除，恶性肿瘤在面神经尚未累及时行保留面神经的腮腺广泛切除，术后辅以放疗，可以减少肿瘤复发和面瘫等并发症的发生。     

腮腺多形性腺瘤手术方式的选择

目的 探讨腮腺多形性腺瘤手术术式的选择。方法 对复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科1996年1月—2003年12月手术的62例腮腺多形性腺瘤患者的病史进行回顾性分析并进行随访，分析内容包括病程、肿瘤大小、术式及切除范围、术后病理、术后复发情况及并发症等。结果 在60例肿瘤最大径小于4cm的患者中，44例行腮腺浅叶切除术、16例行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术，另外2例肿瘤大于4cm的患者行腮腺全切除术。随访中所有患者术后均未发生肿瘤复发。术后病理检查示6例（10％）部分区域包膜不完整，28例（45％）细胞生长活跃，偶见核分裂象，部分区域包膜有浸润。2例（4．5％）行腮腺浅叶切除术的患者术后出现术侧暂时性面神经麻痹，16例行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术的患者无1例发生面神经麻痹，经统计学检验，上述两组患者术后面神经麻痹发生率的差异无统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法，P=0．534）。8例（18％）行腮腺浅叶切除术的患者术后出现Frey综合征，2例（13％）行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术的患者术后出现Frey综合征，经统计学检验，上述两组患者术后Frey综合征发生率的差异无统计学意义（校正卡方检验，P=0．896）。2例行腮腺全切除术的患者均出现Frey综合征，62例中Frey综合征的总发生率为19．3％（12／62）。结论 对于肿瘤最大径小于4cm的腮腺多形性腺瘤，行腮腺部分浅叶切除＋部分深叶切除术是安全的，既可取得与腮腺浅叶切除术相同的疗效，又可减少术后面神经麻痹和Frey综合征的发生率。     

不同手术方式治疗腮腺多形性腺瘤的临床分析

目的 比较两种不同手术方式治疗腮腺多形性腺瘤术后的并发症.方法 69例腮腺多形性腺瘤患者分为两组,一组采用传统的术式,即保留面神经,肿瘤及腮腺切除术;另一组采取功能性腮腺切除术,即肿瘤及腮腺部分切除术.通过3个月～8年的随访,观察术后味觉出汗综合征(Frey综合征)、涎瘘、面瘫、面部外形及复发等情况.结果 传统的术式组,面瘫、Frey综合征和面部外形明显不对称的发生率分别为26.47%、58.82%和17.64%;功能性腮腺切除术组的发生率分别为8.57%、25.71%和2.80%,三种并发症两组间比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05),后者术后并发症的发生率明显低于前者.结论 功能性腮腺切除术即肿瘤及腮腺部分切除术克服了传统腮腺手术的缺陷,值得临床推广.     

显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤42例

目的 评价显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 采用显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术,治疗腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者42例。该术式较传统术式改良之处主要有：全程显微镜下手术直观准确;切口改良、美容;腮腺嚼肌筋膜下翻瓣;解剖保留耳大神经后支和腮腺导管;只解剖暴露面神经的部分分支;包括肿瘤在内的腮腺浅叶部分切除;胸锁乳突肌肌瓣填塞术腔等。结果 42例术后出现面神经损伤3例(7.1%),损伤均为暂时性;出现Frey综合征者1例(2.4%);发生涎瘘者0例;5例(11.9%)患者术后出现不同程度的耳垂和耳郭背部皮肤感觉减弱;术后局部凹陷不明显,患者对颜面部外观满意。术后随访1～5年,未见肿瘤复发。结论 显微镜下功能性腮腺切除术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤,既降低手术并发症发生率,又可取得良好美容效果。     

腮腺良性肿瘤的手术方式与术后复发和并发症

目的;研究腮腺良性肿瘤手术方式与复发和术后并发症的关系。方法 在１９８７～１９９７年手术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤５５例（单纯肿瘤除２０例,腮腺浅地切除２８例,全腮腺切除７例）的临床随访资料进行分析。结果 单纯肿瘤切除中肿瘤复发６例,并发持续性面瘫１例,腮腺浅叶切除中复发１０例,并发暂时性面瘫４例腮腺瘘２例,Ｆｒｅｙ综合征２例,腮腺全切除中复发１例,并发暂时性面瘫２例,持续性面瘫１例,腮腺瘘２例,Ｆｒｅｙ综     

保留腮腺导管的腮腺浅叶部分切除术

目的总结腮腺良性肿瘤保留导管的浅叶部分切除术的效果.方法对27例腮腺良性肿瘤保留导管的浅叶部分切除术患者进行回顾分析,评价面外形改变,腮腺的分泌功能,面神经损伤情况,唾液积潴,术后复发.结果经过1年～5年的门诊复诊及随访发现,面外形无凹陷畸形,面神经无损伤,无涎瘘形成.保留的残余腺体有涎液分泌,肿瘤无复发.结论认为保留腮腺导管的良性肿瘤浅叶部分切除术是一种可行性术式并具有很好的临床价值.     

The role of partial parotidectomy for benign parotid tumors: A case-control study

Objective: To evaluate the results and complications after partial parotidectomy vs superficial parotidectomy, as primary treatment of benign parotid tumors. Study design: Case-control study. Setting: University hospital. Subjects and methods: A case-control study is presented on parotidectomy, comparing a group of 25 patients treated by partial parotidectomy vs a similar group of 25 patients treated by superficial parotidectomy. All patients had primary benign parotid tumors, were matched by sex and age, and had a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Independent variables included sex, age, medical history, intra-operative variables (surgical time, estimated blood loss, type of drainage, use of collagen), fine-needle aspiration cytology, computed tomography findings, and final histopathological diagnosis. Outcome measures were early and late complications, such as facial nerve paralysis, seroma, sialocele, Frey syndrome, and recurrence. Results: Partial parotidectomy resulted in less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates. Temporal facial paresis was found in 4% of partial surgeries, vs 12% of superficial parotidectomies, a significant difference. Three months after surgery, only one patient has a persistent marginal nerve paresis. In contrast, sialocele was more common after partial parotidectomy (28% vs 16%), a significant difference. Conclusions: Partial parotidectomy achieves less early and late complications than superficial parotidectomy, with similar recurrence rates.     

腮腺肿瘤的治疗经验及远期疗效观察

目的手术治疗腮腺肿瘤的多种方法及其远期疗效评定。方法回顾性分析我科自1997～2004年所收治的腮腺肿瘤手术患者病历资料86例,男性53例,女性33例,年龄23～84岁,中间年龄57岁。所有患者都作腮腺浅叶切除术或浅叶扩大切除术或腮腺全切除术,必要时作颈清扫术。常规术中快速冰冻和术后病理检查。术后面神经功能评定。恶性肿瘤患者辅助性根治放疗(50 Gy～70 Gy)。有效随访期36～120个月不等。结果86例腮腺肿瘤患者中良性肿瘤73例(85%),恶性肿瘤13例(15%)。8例腮腺深叶肿瘤中5例为恶性肿瘤。随访中良性肿瘤1例局部复发,局部控制率为98.6%(72/73);恶性肿瘤3年生存率为69.2% (9/13),3年原发灶局部控制率为84.6%(11/13),术后颈淋巴结转移率为23.1%(3/13)。术中快速冰冻与术后常规病理符合率为86%,腮腺良性肿瘤的面神经完好保存率为97.3%(71/73),恶性肿瘤面神经完好保存率为69.2%(9/13),总体面神经完好保存率为93%。结论腮腺浅叶切除术是常规基本术式,根据肿瘤具体情况可改变为腮腺浅叶扩大切除术或全腮腺切除术。术中应尽可能保存面神经主干及各分支,特别是颞面干。快速冰冻是腮腺手术中的有效诊断方法。腮腺深叶肿瘤恶变率高。     

Selective deep lobe parotid surgery for benign tumors

Conclusions: Deep-lobe tumor parotidectomy decreases the incidence of parotidectomy post-surgical complications, preserves parotid function, and has a good esthetic appearance. Objective: The existing surgical technique in the parotidectomy of deep-lobe benign tumors can be improved. Methods: Fourteen surgical operations were performed (2004–2015) for selective deep lobe parotidectomy for patients with primary benign parotid tumors. The patients with deep-lobe benign tumors were operated on with the method of superficial lobe preservation, which included methylene blue staining of the gland and intra-operative facial nerve detection. Results: During follow-up, no cases of tumor recurrence, permanent facial nerve injury, postparotidectomy depression, or Frey’s syndrome was found.     

Results of the surgical management and histopathological evaluation of 88 parotid gland Warthin’s tumours

With the introduction of parotidectomy after identification of the facial nerve the recurrence rates for benign tumours has declined rapidly. Subsequently, attention was focused on other sequelae of parotid surgery. To reduce the specific surgical morbidity, several modifications of parotidectomy have been implemented. This study compares the results of the different surgical techniques with regard to the histopathological findings and recurrence rate for Warthin’s tumour of the parotid gland. Eighty-eight primary surgical parotid procedures were performed on 85 patients for a Warthin’s tumour. The surgical procedures included 52 ‘partial’ superficial parotidectomies, 22 ‘standard’ superficial parotidectomies, 12 partial superficial/deep lobe parotidectomies, and two ‘selective’ deep lobe parotidectomies. No patient developed a recurrence or experienced permanent facial nerve paresis/paralysis, the median follow-up being 93 months. Histopathological examination revealed a multifocal origin in 23% (20/88) of the surgical specimens. Partial parotidectomy is an effective treatment for Warthin’s tumour. There is no need for extended follow-up.     

Surgical procedure for Warthin's tumor in the parotid gland

Warthin's tumor is benign and exclusively involves the parotid gland but may, however, often show multifocal and/or bilateral growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical procedure for removal of this tumor. Sixty patients with Warthin's tumor in the parotid gland who presented at the Kansai Medical University Hospital from 1990 to 1999 were the subjects of the present study. The surgical procedures were as follows. We performed enucleation for tumors in the deep lobe. Tumors in the superficial lobe were resected with partial parotidectomy, and an enucleative procedure was also performed at the bottom of the tumor where the tumor capsule directly touched the facial nerve. No recurrence was observed in all sixty cases including cases of rupture of the capsule before or during surgery. Therefore, we recommend that enucleation is a useful choice as a surgical procedure for the removal of Warthin's tumor after accurate detection of the tumors using MRI. The overall incidences of temporary and permanent facial nerve palsy were 19.7% and 0%, respectively. The incidence of palsy increased after surgery for multiple tumors or deep lobe tumors. These findings indicate that more careful consideration for preservation of the facial nerve should be given in such cases and that simultaneous surgery for such tumors in the bilateral parotid glands should be avoided to prevent bilateral facial nerve palsy.     

Efficacy of modified face lift incision for the resection of benign parotid gland tumor located anteriorly or superiorly

ObjectivesThe goals of resection of benign parotid gland tumor are complete resection of lesion and preservation of the facial nerve function. Traditionally, the bayonet-shaped incision (Blair incision: BI) and the modified face lift incision (mFLI) are commonly used for parotidectomy. However, concerns exist about the adequacy of exposure and identification of the facial nerve in anterior or superior parotid lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes between BI and mFLI and to evaluate the adequacy, possible indications, and limitations of mFLI for the resection of benign parotid gland tumors located anteriorly or superiorly.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 175 patients with various types of benign parotid tumor who underwent partial parotidectomy via BI (97 patients) or mFLI (78 patients). Tumors were divided into five categories depending on their location: anterior, superior, inferior, middle, and deep lobe tumors. The outcomes of operation were analyzed according to tumor location between the incision types.ResultsTumor locations were not significantly different between the two groups. Transient facial palsy occurred in 23 out of 152 patients (15.1%); permanent palsy was not observed in either group. The incidence rates of facial palsy were higher among patients with superior and deep lobe tumors; in the mFLI and BI groups, proportions of superior tumors were 22.2% and 27.2%, respectively, and those of deep lobe tumors were 35.7% and 23.5%, respectively. With regard to superior and anterior tumors, the incidence rate of postoperative facial palsy was insignificantly lower in the mFLI group (10.5%) than in the BI group (18.2%).ConclusionsThere were no differences in the incidence rates of postoperative facial palsy between mFLI and BI for any tumor location. Use of the mFLI is feasible for the resection of most benign parotid tumors located anteriorly or superiorly.     

腮腺深叶肿瘤切除

目的探讨腮腺深叶肿瘤切除保存腮腺浅叶的方法，可使腮腺功能保存，颜面不对称畸形改善，减少面神经损伤和弗雷综合征的发生。方法2001-2004年北京肿瘤医院头颈外科收治腮腺肿瘤114例，其中腮腺浅叶肿瘤101例，深叶肿瘤13例，在深叶肿瘤中7例患者行保存腮腺浅叶的深叶肿瘤切除。结果经过平均3年3个月（20个月至5年）的随访，未见肿瘤复发。7例中仅1例面神经下颌缘支运动减弱，术后3个月面神经恢复正常，其他患者面神经功能正常。所有患者无弗雷综合征发生，面部外观塌陷不明显，腮腺功能正常。结论保存腮腺浅叶的腮腺深叶肿瘤切除可减少面神经损伤和弗雷综合征的发生率，使腮腺的功能和外观得到改善。