食管下段胃近端切除术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血136例分析

目的分析食管下段胃近端切除术（Phemister术）对门静脉高压症上消化道出血的治疗作用。方法对1999年8月至2005年5月我院136例门静脉高压症上消化道出血患者所行Phemister术进行回顾分析。结果Phemister术后静脉曲张明显改善,50．8％完全消失,术后并发症发生率为5．0％,再出血率为4．4％,手术死亡率为1．5％。结论Phemister术可有效治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血并可预防术后再出血,是一种彻底、精确、安全的断流术式,适用于食管、胃底静脉均曲张的门静脉高压症患者。     

联合断流术治疗食管胃底静脉出血51例分析

目的探讨联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症并食管胃底静脉曲张的效果。方法对2005年1月至2013年6月间采用择期联合断流术的51例肝硬化门静脉高压症临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者均无手术死亡。平均手术时间为（3．6±0．8）h,输血量为（547±120）ml,术后平均住院天数为（10．3±3．2）d。胸腔积液6例（11．8％）,腹水7例（13．7N）,门静脉血栓12例（23．5％）,均无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄。肝性脑病0例,再出血率3．9％（2／51）。术后6个月随访,食管胃底曲张静脉消失35例（68．6％）,显著改善15例（29．4％）,无明显变化者1例（2．O％）。结论联合断流术可以有效治疗食管胃底静脉曲张,并发症少,再出血率低,是一种值得推广的治疗门静脉高压症的手术方式。     

门奇静脉断流加XF折叠缝合胃底术治疗门静脉高压症28例

笔者回顾性分析采用门奇静脉断流加XF折叠缝合胃底术治疗28例门静脉高压症患者的治疗效果。28例中术后发生并发症8例（28.6%)，均经非手术疗法治愈；全组无手术死亡。27例（96.4%)经 4~49个月随访，结果示胃底食管曲张静脉消失率为81.5%，术后再出血率14.3%，肝功能明显改善，远期并发症少。提示门奇断流加XF折叠缝合胃底术治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张疗效满意。     

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目的 总结139例采用食管吻合器的断流术经验，并观察治疗门静脉高压症的疗效。方法 对139例肝硬化性门静脉高压症采用食管吻合器的联合断流术治疗。结果 无手术死亡。腹腔内继发性出血2例（1．44％），肺不张和肺部感染各1例（0．72％），脾静脉血栓3例（2．16％），无食管吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄。肝性脑病发生率0．72％（1／139）；再了血率2．16％（3／139）；手术1－3个月后，97例术前肝功能属Child-Pugh B级者有，76例转为A组；71例于术后半年接受过胃镜或食管吞钡检查，食管胃底曲张静脉消失者43例（60．56％），显著改善者27例（38．03％），无变化者1例（1．41％）。结论 应用食管吻合器的联合断流术治疗肝硬化性门静脉高压症的疗效较好，再出血率低，并发症少，是一种值得推广的治疗门静脉高压症的方法。     

直接门静脉造影在门静脉高压症治疗中的作用

目的 研究直接门静脉高压症治疗中的作用。方法 采用直接门静脉造影观察１８５例门静脉高压症患者例支血管和冠状静脉解剖,根据造影结果对３５例门静脉高压症患者行经腹联合门奇断流术。结果 门静脉高压症患者显示冠状静脉２２３支,其中单支７９．４６％,双支２０．５４％,冠状静脉开口于门静脉主干、脾静脉和门脾静脉交汇处分别为６２．３３％、２７．３５％和８．０７％,出血和断流术后现出知患者主要位于门静脉主干,顽固     

断流术加食管下段胃底切除术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的研究

目的 探讨断流术加食管下段胃底切除术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的疗效。方法 采用择期断流术加食管下段胃底切除术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血26例。患者均为肝炎后肝硬化伴有比较严重的食管胃底静脉曲张及1次以上出血史。结果 全部病例均获随访，平均随访52个月。随访中无食管曲张静脉复发出血，无手术近期死亡，效果满意。结论 断流术加食管下段胃底切除术能较好地为患者接受，复发出血率低，止血确切，是治疗门静脉高压症比较理想的一种手术方法。     

断流术加食管下段横断术治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血

目的 探讨门静脉高压贲门周围血管离断术加食管下段横断术治疗上消化道出血的效果.方法 78例门静脉高压症患者,28例行断流术加胃肠吻合器食管下段横断术,50例行单纯门奇断流术.结果 术后再出血率分别为4.17%(1/24)和52.8%(23/44).两组再出血发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).两组食管下段及胃底静脉曲张消失率为79.17%(19/24)和11%(5/44),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 门奇断流术联合胃肠吻合器食管下段切割术治疗门静脉高压症能有效地预防、减少术后食管、胃底曲张静脉再出血,止血效果较单纯门奇断流术要好.     

贲门周围血管离断术加内镜下曲张静脉套扎术治疗门静脉高压症

１９９３年以来,我院应用贲门周围血管离断术加内镜下曲张静脉套扎术治疗门静脉高压症６６例。结果：术后食管胃底静脉曲张消失率９５．５％（６３／６６）,无手术死亡,无严重并发症,远期再出血率为４．７％（３／６４）,无肝性脑病发生,三年生存率达９０．２％。我们认为此种联合断流术可降低术后再出血率,且不增加手术复杂性及手术创伤,适应证与单独应用贲门周围血管离断术同样广泛。     

限制性分流与断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症

目的探讨限制性分流与断流联合手术治疗门静脉高压症的效果。方法对39例门静脉高压症患者行断流加肠腔静脉限制性分流术的临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果患者术后自由门静脉压力水平下降8cm H2O，且皆保持门静脉的向肝血流，术后随访6～24个月，39例患者有18例肝功能有不同程度恢复，1例在围手术期有短暂的肝性脑病发作，38例患者腹水消失，食管胃底静脉曲张消失好转率82．1％，无再出血发生。结论断流限制性分流联合应用，既能保持一定的门静脉压力及门静脉肝脏血供，又能防止上消化道出血，降低肝性脑病发生率，是治疗门静脉高压症的较为理想的手术方法。     

预防性断流术在门静脉高压症中的应用价值

目的探讨断流术在预防门静脉高压症引起的食管下端胃底曲张静脉破裂出血中的安全性和有效性。方法将1995年5月至2005年5月收治的128例无上消化道出血史的门静脉高压症病人分为非手术组和手术组，非手术组主要采取保肝、利尿、减慢心率等治疗，定期随访。手术组行断流术（Hassab术或改良Sugiura术）。比较分析两组的临床资料、治疗方法以及长期随访结果。结果手术组总并发症发生率25．0％，总手术死亡率3．6％，远期出血率2．0％，无肝性脑病，死亡率2．0％。非手术组远期出血率24．2％，肝性脑病发生率4．8％，死亡率9．7％。结论断流术在门静脉高压症病人中施行是安全的，预防食管下端胃底曲张静脉破裂出血也是有效的，使外科医生在治疗时多了一种选择。Hassab术比改良Sugiura术更加适合应用在预防性治疗中。     

CDH园型吻合器在胃底贲门癌外科中的应用

目的:评价CDH圆形吻合器经腹食管、胃吻合中的应用。方法:用该吻合器对45例胃底贲门癌切除术后行食管胃机械吻合,对照组同期18例胃底贲门癌切除术后行手工吻合,复习1989～1994年58例胃底贲门癌切除用上海GF-1型园型吻合器行食管胃机械吻合。结果:45例用CDH圆形吻合器均一次吻合成功,无器械故障,无吻合口瘘,无吻合口狭窄,无手术死亡病例。结论:CDH圆形吻合器设计合理、安全可靠、在胃底贲门癌经腹行食管胃吻合术中应用,可缩短手术时间,减少手术创伤,降低手术难度。     

残胃癌贲门胃底切除余胃食管再吻合的实验研究和临床应用

１９８０年以来作者对残胃贲门癌的治疗问题进行了实验和临床研究。作者选用杂种犬６０只,先以Ｂ－Ⅰ式及Ｂ－Ⅱ式行胃大部切除。２０周后残胃行贲门胃底切除,余胃食管吻合。病理见余胃血液循环良好,食管余胃吻合口愈合良好。在实验研究基础上,对收治的残胃贲门癌２５例,１７例行残胃贲门胃底切除,余胃食管吻合,术后恢复良好。实验和临床均证实残胃贲门胃底切除余胃食管再吻合的方法是安全可行的,既符合器官保存的手术原则,也符合肿瘤切除原则。     

Cancer of the distal esophagus and cardia. Incidence, tumorous infiltration, and metastatic spread.

The report concerns the findings of autopsies performed at the Institute of Pathology, The University of Düsseldorf, where 68 patients with cancer of the distal esophagus and 117 patients with cancer of the cardia were observed between 1950 and 1982. The total number of autopsies during this 33-year observation period was 46,593. The male:female ratio was 5.8:1 in cancer of the distal esophagus, and 4.3:1 in cancer of the cardia. During the observation period, cancer of the distal esophagus accounted, on average, for about 40% of all esophageal cancers, whereas the percentage of cancers of the cardia among all gastric cancers was 15.4% on average. While the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased overall, a relative increase in cancers of the cardia has been found, especially in the last 8 years. In histological terms, most of the malignomas of the distal esophagus were squamous cell carcinomas (84%), and most of the cancers of the cardia were adenocarcinomas (96%). Tumor spread and lymphogenous and hematogenous metastasizing are discussed, and the findings are compared with the literature.     

Sex-related differences in outcome after vascular interventions for lower limb ischemia

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in outcome, defined as amputation rate and survival in patients treated for lower limb ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Age, sex, and type of procedure for all patients undergoing vascular interventions for lower limb ischemia in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1970 to 1994, were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare. All patients who underwent amputation after treatment were analyzed separately. Data on deceased patients were extracted from the cause-of-death register. RESULTS: Women had lower survival rates than men at 30 days and 1 and 5 years after operation (89% vs 92%, 75% vs 80%, and 50% vs 55%; P <.001). In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for death during the whole study period, increasing age, calendar year (1980 to 1989), and male sex were significant risk factors (P <.001). The percentage of women who underwent amputation after treatment was comparable with the percentage of men who underwent amputation (11.4% vs 10.2%, P =.075). The multivariate analysis identified increased age and calendar year (1985 to 1994) as important risk factors for amputation (P <.001). Female sex was not found to increase the risk for amputation. Patients who underwent amputation were older than patients with intact limbs (73 vs 68 years, P <.001). The highest percentage of patients who underwent amputation was found among those treated with femorodistal bypass (20%, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is not an important risk factor for poor outcome after treatment for lower limb ischemia, when their increased age has been accounted for. These results imply that we should continue to consider age and type of procedure when estimating outcome, and women should not be refused an intervention on a sex-related basis. We should possibly be more selective toward men considering their higher mortality rates.     

保留迷走神经主干门奇断流术对门静脉高压症性胃病影响

目的比较保留迷走神经主干门奇断流术(VTPPD)和贲门周围血管离断术(PD)对门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)的影响。方法77例门静脉高压患者分为VTPPD和PD两组,VTPPD组36例,PD组41例,术前和术后第3周常规行胃镜检查,并对两组手术前后PHG的发病率、PHG加重病例比率分别予以比较。结果两组食道胃底静脉曲张皆明显减轻或消失。VTPPD组术前PHG发病率为55.6%(20/36),术后为69.4%(25/36),手术前后发病率差异无统计学意义(P=0.224);PD组术前伴PHG者61.0%(25/41),术后PHG为87.8%(36/41),手术前后差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。手术后VTP-PD组PHG发病率低于PD组(P=0.048)。PHG程度加重者VTPPD组8例(22.2%,8/36),PD组19例(46.3%,19/41),发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。结论VTPPD较传统的断流术明显减少PHG的发病率,并可明显减轻加重程度。     

Frequency of portal hypertensive gastropathy and its relationship with biochemical, haematological and endoscopic features in cirrhosis

Objective: To determine the frequency of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and its relation with biochemical, haematological and endoscopic findings in cirrhotic patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Medical Unit-III, Ward-7, from June 2009 to December 2010. Methodology: Patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis and either undergoing screening upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy or presented with acute upper GI bleeding were included in the study. Portal hypertensive gastropathy and oesophageal varices were classified using Baveno scoring system. The severity of cirrhosis was classified according to the Child-Pugh criteria. Hypersplenism was assessed by the reduction of haemoglobin, leucocytes and platelets. Results: Out of 217 patients, 148 were males (68.2%) and 69 were females (31.8%) with ages ranging from 15-85 years, (mean 48.06 years). There were 144 HCV +ve patients (66.4%), 36 HBV +ve patients (16.6%), 15 HCV/HBV co-infected patients (6.9%) and only 1 (0.5%) had co-infection of HBV/HDV. Twenty-one patients (9.7%) were classified as having cryptogenic cirrhosis. Out of 172 patients (79.27%), 56 patients (25.8%) had mild and 116 patients (53.5%) were suffering from severe PHG. Significant positive correlation was found between esophageal variceal grade and PHG (r=0.46, p < 0.001) but not with etiology (r=0.05, p=0.41) or hypersplenism (r=0.08, p=0.22). Conclusion: The frequency of PHG was 79.27% in the studied group. The grade of oesophageal varices had significant relation with PHG that is the severity of PHG increased with the grade of oesophageal varices, suggesting common pathophysiology of both entities.     

贲门癌术后吻合口复发的再手术治疗

目的探讨贲门癌术后吻合口复发外科再治疗的手术指征及术式选择.方法对23例贲门癌术后吻合口复发,再手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果本组患者的手术切除率、手术并发症发生率及手术病死率分别为69.6%、17.4%和8.7%,胸、腹腔粘连率为87.0%.肿瘤切除患者平均术后存活15.0个月,明显长于未切除患者的4.1个月(P＜0.05).无淋巴结转移患者术后存活21.3个月,虽较有淋巴结转移患者的10.2个月长,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).根治性切除和姑息性切除患者的术后生存期分别为15.8个月和13.3个月,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论由于胸、腹腔的广泛粘连及二次手术后的消化道重建,贲门癌术后吻合口复发再手术有一定难度,手术风险较大,加之贲门癌患者本身预后较差,因此应严格把握手术指征.术式选择应根据患者病变的分期、分级等具体情况而定.     

Syme amputation: results in patients with severe forefoot ischemia

Since 1980, 35 patients (age range 40–77 years) with severe forefoot ischemia have undergone a unilateral Syme amputation. Thirty-one patients (89%) were diabetic. The indication for amputation was either extensive forefoot gangrene or ulceration too advanced for a digital or transmetatarsal amputation. Twenty-two amputations (63%) were immediately preceded by either percutaneous tranluminal angioplasty (four) or a bypass procedure to the popliteal artery (five) or an infrapopliteal artery (13). Primary healing occurred in 19 (86%) of 22 amputations immediately preceded by revascularization and in 10 (77%) of 13 limbs undergoing amputation alone. Twenty-eight (97%) of the 29 patients with successful primary healing were successfully rehabilitated. Rehabilitation rendered 13 patients fully ambulatory, 15 ambulatory with intermittent use of a walker or cane and one unable to walk. At follow-up of four months to 13 years (mean 42 months), the cumulative ambulatory rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 92,80 and 80%, respectively. Syme amputation allows a return to a functional ambulatory status in a high percentage of patients with severe forefoot ischemia. These findings suggest that Syme amputation is an acceptable option in dysvascular patients with severe forefoot ischemia     

Soft tissue sarcomas of the hand and foot: Management and survival

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas of the hands and feet present a challenge for limb-preserving resections. Methods: A retrospective review of 19 patients with sarcomas of the hand or foot was done. Wide or local excision was performed in 14 patients (74%), and amputation in 5 patients (26%). Of the latter group, three amputations involved a digit or toe, and two (10%) were major amputations (one Syme amputation and one below-knee amputation). When the minimum surgical margin was narrow (1 to 2 mm), adjuvant radiation was given postoperatively (n=4). Results: Local recurrence was observed in four patients (21%). Two of these required an amputation for local control. Local recurrence was observed in one of four patients (25%) treated with marginal resection and radiation and three of 15 (20%) of those with resection alone. Conclusions: A sizable percentage (37%) of patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the hand and foot ultimately required an amputation, although often the amputation was a minor one involving only a toe or a digit. Limb preservation was successful in the majority of patients (63%). The local recurrence rate was 21%, which may be improved with more frequent use of adjuvant therapy. The 5-year survival rate was 82%, which is better than that usually quoted for overall extremity soft tissue sarcomas.     

Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers and amputation

A neuropathic foot ulcer is a severe complication of diabetes that can result in a more severe complication, a lower extremity amputation. We conducted a cohort study of 24,616 individuals with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer treated within a multicenter wound care network. A total of 1653 (6.7%) individuals had an amputation and 46.3% of these amputations were of a toe or ray (minor amputation). In the more than 10-year follow-up period that we studied, the percentage of those who had an amputation varied between 5.6% and 8.4%. Of those who had an amputation, the percentage that had a minor amputation increased over time from 4.0% in the earliest years to more than 60% in the later years of observation. The single most important determinant of amputation was the observation of fascia, tendon, and bone at the initial assessment. In conclusion, about 7% of those with a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer will have an amputation and in the past 10 years there has been a remarkable increase in the number of minor as compared to major amputations.