气功态与气功所致精神障碍P300的研究

目的：观察气功师在气功态时和气功所致精神障碍病人Ｐ３００的变化。方法：使用美国Ｎｉｃｏｌｅｒ公司ＰａｔｈｆｉｎｄｅｒＭＥＧＡ电生理诊断仪对３０例处于气功态的气功师和２８例气功所致精神障碍的病人及３０例正常成人的事件相关电位（Ｐ３００）进行对照研究。结果：Ｐ３００的Ｎ１、Ｐ２、Ｎ２、Ｐ３各波靶与非靶的潜伏期与波幅３是均无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：处于气功态的气功师和气功所致精神障碍病人Ｐ３００     

精神分裂症和抑郁症患者体感诱发电位的初步研究

为观察精神分裂症和抑郁症患者体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）的变化，使用ＣＡ－１０００诱发电位叠加仪对４１例精神分裂症患者及２９例抑郁症患者ＳＥＰ进行观察，并与２５名正常人比较。结果显示，精神分裂症患者ＳＥＰ波型变异大，Ｐ２，Ｎ２及Ｐ３波潜伏期明显缩短，主波Ｐ２平均波幅较抑郁症和正常人组分别降低４０％及６３％，Ｎ１－Ｐ１，Ｐ２－Ｎ２及Ｐ３波波幅亦显著降低，与抑郁症和正常人组间均有显著或非常显著性差异。抑郁症患者Ｐ２波平均波幅比正常人组降低３０％，与正常人组有非常显著性差异。提示对ＳＥＰ作为精神科临床诊断和家系研究中易感素质筛选方面的生物学标记，值得进一步探讨     

老年慢性精神分裂症的脑电地形图和多项诱发电位研究

为了解老年慢性精神分裂症患者与正常老人在脑电图（ＥＥＧ）、脑电地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）、视觉和听觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ、ＡＥＰ）、脑干听觉反应（ＡＢＲ）和认知电位Ｐ３００（Ｐ３００）检测中的不同表现，对４０例正常老人及３４例老年慢性精神分裂症患者作６项电生理检测。结果发现，患者ＥＥＧ异常率达６６．７％，其ＢＥＡＭ趋向凹字形低密度带，ＶＥＰ（潜伏期Ｐ１、Ｐ２）、Ｐ３００（靶潜伏期Ｎ１—Ｐ２—Ｎ２—Ｐ３）均前移，ＡＥＰ（潜伏期Ｎ２、Ｐ３）延迟，ＡＥＰ、ＶＥＰ和Ｐ３００的Ｐ２、Ｐ３波幅均减低，均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。患者的ＡＢＲ于中央区左右侧不对称，绝对波幅波Ⅰ降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），这与本组对象ＣＴ结果吻合。采用多项诱发电位检测技术能较可靠反映精神分裂症患者脑的功能，可辅助患者的认知功能评定     

精神运行性癫痫患者脑诱发电位初步观察

目的 研究脑诱发电位在精神运动性癫痫病人的应用。方法 应用诱发电位仪对１６例精神运行性癫痫的听觉诱发电位（ＡＥＰ）、视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）和听觉事件相关电位（听３００）作了检测，并与正常对照组进行了比较。结果 患者组波形变异大，潜伏期ＡＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３，ＶＥＰ的Ｎ１、Ｐ２以及Ｐ３００靶刺激的Ｐ２、Ｎ２均延迟，非靶刺激的Ｎ１前移。波幅ＡＥＰ的Ｐ２、ＶＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３降低，与正常对照组有显著性差异。结     

短暂性脑缺血发作认知功能与事件相关电位研究

目的：探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（ＴＩＡ）病人事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）的变化规律及其临床意义。方法：用听觉Ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ刺激序列ＥＲＰ、认知能力筛选试验（ＣＣＳＥ）和简易智力状态试验（ＭＭＳＥ）检测３２例ＴＩＡ病人和３０例年龄、性别、利手和教育程序相匹配的正常人。结果：病人组ＥＲＰ的Ｎ２和Ｐ３峰潜伏期较对照组显著延长，Ｎ２和Ｐ３波幅组均无显著差异、Ｐ３峰潜伏期（Ｐ３ＰＬ）异常率为２５％。病人组ＭＭＳＥ较对     

脑干及其附近手术诱发电位术中监护的研究

目的 探讨脑干及其周围手术损伤与脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）不同指标之间的关系，找出神经功能损伤第三的电生理指标。方法 对２３例脑干肿瘤病人进行手术中ＢＡＥＰ和ＳＥＰ连续监测。结果 脑干及其周围手术操作均可以引起ＢＡＥＰ、ＳＥＰ的改变。ＳＥＰ的Ｎ１３－Ｎ２０中枢传导时间（ＣＣＴ）和Ｎ２０潜伏期及波幅的变化和ＢＡＥＰＶ波潜伏期（ＰＬ）、Ⅲ－Ｖ、Ｉ－Ｖ峰间潜伏期（ＩＰＬ）的变化     

幼年大鼠皮质5—HT1A和5—HT2受体中介的膜电位变化

５－ＨＴ灌流幼年大鼠皮质脑片，２１．５％额叶后部ＩＶ层神经元出现慢超极化，膜电阻减小和ＥＰＳＰ抑制。此效应为５－ＨＴ１Ａ激动剂８－ＯＨ－ＤＰＡＴ模拟，为５－ＨＴ，拮抗剂ＮＡＮ－１９０阻抑，但ＥＰＳＰ抑制仍存在，超极化幅度随膜电位增大及胞外钾浓度增高而是减少，表明超极化由激活５－ＨＴ１Ａ受体导致钾外流增加所致，另有１１．８％神经元出现去极化伴膜电阻减小和ＥＰＳＰ抑制，５－ＨＴ２／５－ＨＴＩＣ拮抗剂Ｋ     

酒精所致精神障碍患者的脑干听觉诱发电位

目的分析酒精所致精神障碍患者的脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）表现。方法对３０例长期嗜酒所致精神障碍患者进行ＢＡＥＰ检测，并与正常人进行对照。结果病例组ＢＡＥＰ各波峰潜伏期（ＰＬ）、峰间期（ＩＰＬ）延长，波形分化差，与正常对照组有显著性差异。结论ＢＡＥＰ异常与临床表现及影像学，实验室结果基本一致，提示诱发电位可作为慢性酒精中毒的诊断方法之一     

阿尔茨海默病长潜时视觉和听觉诱发电位改变

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病（ＡＤ）患者的长潜时感觉性诱发电位的特点。方法应用丹麦电生理仪以及光和声刺激，对３９例ＡＤ患者和４０名正常老年人的视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）和听觉诱发电位（ＡＥＰ）进行对照研究。结果部分ＡＤ患者ＶＥＰ形成双峰，ＡＥＰ趋向低而宽大。ＡＤ患者ＶＥＰ和ＡＥＰ的Ｐ３潜伏期在顶区均右侧（ＶＥＰ３７７±４４毫秒，ＡＥＰ３８８±２７毫秒）长于左侧（ＶＥＰ３７２±４４毫秒，ＡＥＰ３８１±２６毫秒），Ｐ＜０．０５。与对照组比较，ＡＤ患者ＡＥＰ主成分以及ＶＥＰ的Ｐ３潜伏期和ＡＥＰ、ＶＥＰ的Ｐ２、Ｐ３波幅均延迟和下降（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。结论提示ＶＥＰ和ＡＥＰ５０～５００毫秒长潜时成分可能是反映ＡＤ患者认知功能的一个客观指标     

65例颈椎型脊髓病体感诱发电位分析

目的 研究颈椎型脊髓病皮质体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）变化。方法 对６５例颈椎型脊髓病患者和２６例正常人进行正中神经和胫后神经刺激的ＳＥＰ对照研究，并对１０例患者作治疗前后对照观察。结果 本组异常率为４５％，主要表现为各波潜伏期和波间期（Ｎ２０－Ｐ２５，Ｐ２５－Ｎ３５，Ｐ４０－Ｎ４５）延长，且下肢的延长更加明显，部分患者出现波形分化不良。经保守治疗后６例正常，２例好转，且ＳＥＰ的好转先于临床的改善。结论     

军人创伤后应激障碍患者认知性电位变化及其与精神症状的关系

目的　探讨军人创伤后应激障碍(PSTD)患者认知性电位(CEP)的特征和治疗缓解后变化及其与精神症状的关系。方法　应用美国Nicolet Bravo型脑诱发电位仪,对 66 例发病期及其 60 例康复期 PTSD患者进行关联性负变(CNV)、视觉诱发电位(VEP)和听觉诱发电位(AEP)测定,并进行症状自评量表(SCL -90)和事件影响量表(IES)评定。结果　患者组发病期与对照组比较,CNV/M1、VEP/P2 和 AEP/N2 潜伏期延迟(P<0.01或0.05),CNV/M2 和AEP/P3 波幅增高(P<0.01),命令信号后负变化(PINV)出现率增高(P<0.01),SCL-90和IES总分及其部分因子分升高(P<0.01),且 CEP指标与 SCL 90 及 IES总分及其部分因子分显著相关(P<0.01 或 0.05)。患者组康复期 CNV/M1、VEP/P2 和 AEP/N2 潜伏期,CNV/M2、AEP/P3 波幅,PINV出现率以及SCL- 90和IES总分及其部分因子分均恢复至正常值内(与发病期比较P<0.01或0.05,与对照组比较 P>0.05)且治疗前后 CEP指标差值与 SCL 90 及 IES总分及其部分因子减分率显著相关(P<0.01或0.05)。结论　CNV、VEP与AEP的变化可能是PTSD的状态标志。     

情感性精神障碍感觉性诱发电位变异与自杀行为史的关联性研究

目的　探讨情感性精神障碍患者感觉性诱发电位 (SEP)变异与自杀行为史的关系及其临床意义。方法　应用美国尼高力公司Spirit脑诱发电位仪 ,检测 39例抑郁症 (抑郁症组 )患者、2 2例躁狂症 (躁狂症组 )患者和 33名正常对照者 (对照组 )的视觉诱发电位 (VEP)、听觉诱发电位 (AEP)和体感诱发电位 (SSEP) ,并对两患者组中有无自杀史者的测定结果进行比较。结果　 (1 )抑郁症组在VEP中的P2 潜伏期 [有自杀史者为 (2 1 1± 2 1 )ms,无自杀史者为 (2 0 9± 1 7)ms]长于正常对照组 [(1 94±1 9)ms;P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5]。 (2 )抑郁症组和躁狂症组SEP主成分的波幅均低于对照组。 (3)在VEP中 ,抑郁症组中有自杀史者的P3波幅 [(2 7± 1 8) μV]低于无自杀史者 [(5 5± 2 3) μV] ;躁狂症组中有自杀史者的P2 波幅 [(2 9± 1 8) μV]低于无自杀史者 [(5 5± 2 3) μV] ;在AEP中 ,躁狂症组中有自杀史者的P2 波幅 [(3 7± 1 9) μV]低于无自杀史者 [(5 1± 2 3) μV] ,差异有显著性和非常显著性 (P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1 )。结论　感觉性诱发电位是辅助评价自杀倾向的客观方法之一     

Auditory and visual evoked potentials in Huntington's disease

Auditory and visual evoked potentials elicited by acoustic click (AEP) and checkerboard pattern flash (VEP) were recorded from 15 locations in 21 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and 21 controls matched for age and sex. Peak latencies were approximately the same for both groups, except that AEP peak N100 appeared earlier in HDs. The main deviation in HDs consisted of generally reduced amplitude of VEP and AEP components; these deviations can be considered non-specific. Early VEP and AEP peaks contained no specific abnormalities comparable to those found in early somatosensory evoked potentials, as previously reported for the same subjects. VEP and AEP amplitudes were lower in medicated than in unmedicated HD patients, but amplitudes for both medicated and unmedicated HDs deviated from normal. Drugs may act to further diminish the already lower than normal amplitudes in HDs.     

Correlation of electrophysiologic findings in neural muscular atrophy

In a collective of 22 patients (18 adults, 4 children) with the clinical diagnosis of peroneal muscular atrophy the correlation of various neurophysiological parameters was examined. These included electromyography, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, visual (VEP), acoustic (AEP) and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potentials and conventional EEG. In all cases we found a high correlation between the findings of nerve conduction velocities and somatosensory evoked responses. Acoustic evoked potentials were examined in 18 cases and showed 10 pathological findings; visual evoked responses were also examined in 18 cases and produced 5 pathological findings. If nerve conduction velocity measurements are possible, SEP examinations are superfluous as they do not provide additional information. On the other hand, VEP and AEP testing is warrented in all cases to document the impairment of central nervous pathways.     

The diagnostic reliability of magnetically evoked motor potentials in multiple sclerosis.

In a prospective study, we evaluated the technique of magnetically evoked motor potentials (MEP) in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We consecutively included 68 patients with symptoms or signs compatible with a demyelinative CNS affection. We subjected all patients to CSF analysis, MRI studies of the brain and brainstem, visual evoked potentials (VEP), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). We then used the results to categorize the patients according to the Poser criteria of multiple sclerosis. Blinded from the results of the above investigations, one of the authors made MEP recordings from three muscles in the upper limbs and two in the lower limbs in all 68 patients. Forty patients received an MS diagnosis, and in these, MRI was positive in 88%, MEP in 83%, VEP in 67%, SSEP in 63%, and BAEP in 42%. As to the diagnosis of MS, the reliability of a prolonged central motor conduction time (CMCT) was 0.83 (0.73 to 0.93), while the reliability of a normal CMCT was 0.75 (0.61 to 0.98). The information gained by MRI was best supplemented by VEP. Of the neurophysiologic tests, the MEP was in closest agreement with the MRI with a concordance of 85%.     

Effects of the anticonvulsant benzodiazepine clonazepam on event-related brain potentials in humans.

The effects of the benzodiazepine clonazepam (a drug used as anticonvulsant) on event-related brain potentials were investigated in healthy human subjects. Thirty-six male student volunteers (mean age 30 years) received clonazepam or a placebo in a double-blind setting. VEPs (visual evoked potentials) were obtained from the standard checkerboard reversal procedure; AEPs (auditory evoked potentials) and slow cortical potentials (CNV) were measured during a 2-stimulus reaction time paradigm, in which the quality of the acoustic S1 signalled whether the acoustic S2 would follow after 2 sec or after 6 sec. Each S2 requested a speeded button press. Compared to placebo, clonazepam significantly reduced P100 amplitude of the VEP and the amplitudes of the AEP components N1 and P3. On the other hand, clonazepam boosted the development of a distinct N2 which was not apparent in placebo subjects. The CNV was significantly reduced and reaction time increased under clonazepam compared to placebo. Specific versus non-specific damping effects of the benzodiazepine are discussed, comparing the present result with the pattern of ERP effects of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine that had been obtained using the same experimental paradigms.     

Clinicophysiological study of multimodality evoked potentials and computed tomographic findings in persistent vegetative state

The auditory brainstem response (ABR), short latency somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and visual evoked potential (VEP) of patients in the persistent vegetative state (PVS) are reported, and the correlations between the electrophysiological findings and the CT scan findings with the three clinical grades of the PVS (transitional, incomplete and complete vegetative syndromes) are discussed. Twenty two patients in a vegetative state caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (3), hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (5), cerebral infarction (6), head injury (3), cerebral anoxia (4) and brain tumor (1). Each evoked response was evaluated for the presence or absence of abnormalities and assigned a grade ranked I to III. Briefly an evoked response was assigned a grade I, II, III if it satisfied the respective criteria of normal, moderately abnormal and severely abnormal or absent electrical activity. On the other hand CT scan findings in the PVS were evaluated for abnormal low density areas, ventricular dilatation and enlargement of the sulci and cisterns indicative of atrophy of the brain parenchyma. SSEP and VEP were better correlated with the clinical grade than ABR, and upper brainstem atrophy and abnormal low density area in CT scan findings were more valuable as an index to expresses the clinical features than ventricular dilatation. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that studies of ABR, SSEP and VEP associated with CT scan findings in the PVS could be a useful diagnostic aid to evaluate the lesions of these patients.     

情感性障碍患者脑诱发电位变异与自杀行为的相关性研究

目的探讨情感性障碍患者脑诱发电位(BEP)变异与自杀行为的关系。方法应用国产脑诱发电位仪,记录了41例抑郁症、24例躁狂发作患者和33名正常对照者的3种脑诱发电位。结果与正常对照组相比,抑郁症和躁狂发作组均出现脑诱发电位主成分波幅降低,抑郁症VEP/P2潜伏期延迟[正常对照组(194±19)m s,抑郁症自杀史阳性组(212±22)m s,抑郁症自杀史阴性组(209±17)m s,P<0.01]。两组患者的BEP改变主要与患者有无自杀行为史有关。结论脑诱发电位临床价值得到了初步证实,与自杀行为相关的生物学指标研究中需进一步追踪随访。     

Somatosensory and auditory evoked potential studies of functional differences between the cerebral hemispheres in psychosis.

Evidence of lateralized hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia was previously found with a measure of visual evoked potential (VEP) wave-shape stability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the VEP findings would extend to the auditory and somatosensory modalities. Measures of wave-shape stability were computed for auditory (AEP) and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potentials, recorded from one EOG and 14 scalp leads. Subjects were 74 unmedicated patients (49 schizophrenics, 25 nonpsychotics) and 27 nonpatients; two sets of age- and sex-matched comparison groups were formed. Main findings were: (i) Overtly psychotic schizophrenics exhibited lower than normal stability in left hemisphere AEPs (15-100 msec poststimulus). (ii) Both overtly psychotic and latent schizophrenics showed lower than normal wave-form stability, bilaterally, in the later epoch of AEPs (101-450 msec poststimulus). (iii) A subgroup of overt schizophrenics (other than chronic paranoid or chronic undifferentiated) had lower than normal stability in SEPs (15-100 msec) evoked by right median nerve stimuli and recorded from the right (ipsilateral) hemisphere. It was concluded that only the AEP results augment the previous VEP evidence indicating left hemisphere involvement in schizophrenic dysfunction.     

创伤后应激障碍患者视觉和听觉诱发电位研究

目的：探讨军人创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者视觉诱发电位(VEP)和听觉诱发电位(AEP)的变异及其临床应用价值。方法：应用脑诱发电位仪、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和事件影响量表(IES)对58例军人PTSD患者(患者组)和52名健康军人(对照组)进行VEP和AEP检测以及SCL-90和IES评定，并于治疗3．5个月时进行临床随访。结果：患者组治疗前与对照组比较，VEP的Cz脑区P2和Pz脑区P3波幅显著降低，AEP的Cz脑区P2波幅降低、P3波幅显著增高，Pz脑区P2潜伏期显著延迟；SCL-90总分与IES总分及其大部分因子分显著升高。患者组治疗后，VEP和AEP的变异指标以及SCL-90与IES总分及其各因子分均恢复至正常值范围内；治疗前后VEP和AEP指标变异的差值分别与部分精神症状的减分率呈显著性相关。结论：PTSD患者诱发电位变异特点与精神症状改善相关，有一定的临床应用价值。