肩袖损伤诊断中肩关节造影和MRI的敏感性和特异性比较

目的 通过随访分析,比较肩关节造影和ＭＲＩ诊断户袖部分和完全撕裂的敏感性和特异性。方法 对５３例怀疑有肩袖损伤（包括部分撕裂和完全撕裂）患者的术前关节造影和ＭＲＩ检查结果与术中发现进行比较分析。结果 肩关节造影、ＭＲＩ诊断肩袖部分撕裂的敏感性分别为７０％和８０％,特异性均为７５％。诊断肩袖完全撕裂的敏感性分别为８７％和９０％,特异性分别为１００％和７５％。结论 关节造影与ＭＲＩ诊断肩袖损伤敏感性无     

高频超声与MRI诊断肩袖撕裂

目的 对比高频超声与MRI诊断创伤性与非创伤性肩袖撕裂(RCT)的效能。方法 纳入59例接受关节镜手术的创伤性(创伤组,n=35)与非创伤性(非创伤组,n=24)肩部疼痛和/或功能障碍患者,以关节镜所见为金标准,比较高频超声与MRI术前诊断RCT的效能,以及高频超声诊断符合率的组间差异。结果 关节镜诊断RCT 42例(42/59,71.19%),包括创伤组25例、非创伤组17例,均存在冈上肌腱撕裂;其中26例冈上肌腱全层撕裂、16例部分撕裂。高频超声与MRI诊断冈上肌腱全层撕裂(92.31%vs. 96.15%)与部分撕裂(62.50%vs. 75.00%)的准确率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);组内二者诊断RCT效能差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。高频超声(85.71%vs. 54.17%)及MRI(91.43%vs. 62.50%)诊断创伤组RCT符合率均大于非创伤组(P均<0.01);2组组内高频超声、MRI诊断符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 高频超声诊断RCT效能与MRI相当。     

外伤性肩袖破裂的诊治方法

探讨外伤性肩袖破裂的诊治方法和效果。方法采用肩关节造影和核磁共振成像诊断２４例外伤后肩痛病例。非手术治疗４例,手术治疗２０例,行原肌腱附着区域肌腱－骨缝合固定。结果肩关节腔造影诊断１５例肩袖完全破裂。核磁共振成像诊断１６例岗上肌腱完全破裂,２例岗上－岗下肌腱完全破裂,６例岗上肌腱部分破裂。     

肩袖损伤46例观察报告

[目的]探讨肩袖损伤的临床特点、诊断及治疗.[方法]对25例肩袖损伤的临床特点进行分析.[结果]经保守治疗、手术或关节镜治疗后,随访1～6年,平均3.1年.疼痛消失29例,过劳后疼痛 16例,疼痛明显1例;肌力正常24例,患肢稍感力弱21例,肌力明显减弱1例.[结论]肩袖损伤早期诊断、早期治疗,效果比较理想.     

关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤

目的探讨关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤的方法和疗效。方法 2008年3月~2011年12月采用关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤22例,包括肩袖全层破裂16例,关节囊侧部分损伤4例,其中2例转化为肩袖全层破裂,按全层破裂处理,另2例浅层部分损伤和2例滑囊侧部分损伤仅行关节镜下清创。肩袖全层破裂在关节镜引导下准确定位,辅助小切口行彻底肩峰下减压,双排锚钉修复全层损伤肩袖。合并SLAP损伤7例。结果本组除1例肩袖损伤合并Ⅱ型SLAP损伤患者行双固定螺钉镜下修复手术时间为120 min外,其余21例手术时间平均62(51~70)min,其中行肩峰成形及肩袖修复时间平均17(12~20)min。辅助小切口平均2.8(2~3.5)cm。未出现神经损伤及肢体明显肿胀、液体渗漏等情况。术后随访平均13.2(10~18)个月。术后10月随访:ASES评分平均(91.0±12.5)分,较术前(57.2±9.6)分显著提高(P<0.05),其中优12例,良7例,可3例,优良率为86.4%;UCLA评分平均(33.2±3.5)分,较术前(12.9±3.8)分显著提高(P<0.05),其中优9例,良11例,可2例,优良率为90.9%。结论关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤具有诊断全面、准确、微创、康复快的优点,临床治疗效果可靠。     

关节镜辅助下小切口修复肩袖损伤

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下小切口修复肩袖损伤的方法与疗效。方法　 1999年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 10月 ,采用关节镜辅助下小切口修复肩袖损伤 3 2例。术前 3 2例行肩关节X线片和肩关节MRI检查 ,其中 15例行肩关节造影检查 ,结果均证实为肩袖损伤。关节镜下发现肩袖附着处撕脱伤 5例 ,肩袖损伤2 7例。关节镜下行肩峰成形术 3 0例 ,小切口作肩峰成形术 2例。肩袖全层损伤在关节镜辅助下小切口行肩袖缝合术 2 2例 ,肩袖不完全性损伤在关节镜下作射频清理术 10例。结果　 3 2例术后随访 6～ 3 2个月 ,平均 10个月。根据美国UCLA肩关节评分标准评估 ,优 2 2例 ,良 5例 ,可 5例 ,优良率达 84.3 7%。结论　关节镜辅助下肩峰成形和小切口修复肩袖损伤具有操作安全简便、创伤小、有利于早期功能练习和康复。     

肩袖损伤的影像学诊断方法

目的比较常规MRI、肩关节腔造影和MRI肩关节腔造影检查对肩袖撕裂伤的诊断价值。方法32例临床拟诊为肩袖损伤的患者,在接受肩关节镜探查前顺序进行常规MRI、肩关节腔造影和MRI肩关节腔造影检查,以肩关节镜作为标准诊断,计算三种影像学检查方法诊断肩袖损伤的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果32例患者经肩关节镜检查诊断为肩袖全层撕裂14例、肩袖部分撕裂6例、肩袖无撕裂12例。对于判定有无肩袖撕裂,常规MRI的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为80/20、83/12和81&/32;肩关节腔造影分别为80/20、100/12和86(/32;MRI肩关节腔造影为100 /20、100/12和1002/32。对于判定有无肩袖全层撕裂,常规MRI的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为79/14、83/18和81&/32;肩关节腔造影分别为93/14、94/18和940/34;MRI肩关节腔造影为100/14、94/18和971/32。结论MRI肩关节腔造影是诊断肩袖撕裂准确性较高的方法。     

高频超声对肩袖撕裂诊断的应用价值

目的:对比分析高频超声检查对肩袖撕裂的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析临床怀疑肩袖撕裂并分别行超声、MRI检查及关节镜治疗的患者37例37肩,男21例,女16例;年龄51~75岁,平均64岁。通过超声检查对肩袖损伤进行分型,并与MRI及关节镜结果行对比分析。结果:超声检查诊断肩袖损伤32肩,诊断正常肩袖5肩;MRI诊断肩袖损伤29肩,正常8肩;手术诊断肩袖损伤33肩,诊断正常肩袖4肩。超声诊断肩袖损伤的敏感性为93.4%(31/33),特异性为75.0%(3/4);MRI诊断肩袖损伤的敏感性为87.5%(28/32),特异性为80.0%(4/5)。结论:超声检查在诊断肩袖损伤方面具有较高灵敏度及特异性,可以作为诊断肩袖损伤的常规检查方法。     

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the rotator cuff: Is it really accurate?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used increasingly for evaluating the rotator cuff. This study of 39 shoulders (38 patients) compared the accuracy of MRI interpretation of rotator cuff integrity by a group of community hospital radiologists (clinical community scenario, CCS) with that of a musculoskeletal radiologist (experienced specialist scenario, ESS), relative to arthroscopy. For the CCS subgroup, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PV), negative PV, and accuracy for partial tears were: 0%, 68%, 0%, 82%, and 59%, respectively; for complete tears: 56%, 73%, 36%, 86%, and 69%, respectively; and for all tears combined: 85%, 52%, 50%, 87%, and 64%, respectively. For the ESS subgroup, the respective values for partial tears were: 20%, 88%, 20%, 88%, and 79%, respectively; for complete tears: 78%, 83%, 58%, 92%, and 82%, respectively; and for all tears: 71%, 71%, 59%, 81%, and 71%, respectively. We concluded that MRI assessment of the rotator cuff was not accurate relative to arthroscopy. MRI was most helpful if the result was negative, and MRI diagnosis of partial tear was of little value. Considering the high cost of shoulder MRI, this study has significant implications for the evaluation of patients with possible rotator cuff pathology.     

Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of full thickness rotator cuff tears

Background:

Rotator cuff problems are frequently seen by orthopedic surgeons and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. Value of the clinical assessment of a shoulder is often limited, therefore, imaging studies have important implications in the management of rotator cuff pathologies.

Aim:

The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed 91 consecutive cases of shoulder arthroscopy and open rotator cuff repair, who had undergone preoperative investigation in the form of either an ultrasound or MRI. Thirty-six patients had an ultrasound and 55 had an MRI for their affected shoulders. We compared the accuracy of US and MRI for detection of full-thickness rotator cuff tears, using the operative findings as the ‘gold standard’. Data regarding a supraspinatus tear was assessed for the purpose of this study.

Results:

Ultrasonography correctly diagnosed 15 out of 17 tears (sensitivity of 0.88). There were 17 true-negative and two false-positive ultrasounds (specificity of 0.89). MRI accurately identified 33 of the 36 tears (sensitivity of 0.91). There were 16 true-negative and three false-positive tears on MRI (specificity of 0.84). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 88% for US and 92% for MRI. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 89% for US and 84% for MRI. The overall accuracy of the ultrasound was 88.89% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 74.09 to 96.18) as compared to 89.09% (95% CI = 77.82% to 95.26%) for the MRI.

Conclusion:

Full-thickness rotator cuff tears can be identified using ultrasound and MRI with comparable accuracy. US being a dynamic study and better tolerated by the patient, can therefore be used as the first-line investigation for rotator cuff tear, where appropriate skills are available to reduce the waiting time and cost of investigation.     

Comparing shoulder maneuvers to magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic findings in patients with supraspinatus tears

BACKGROUNDShoulder maneuvers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are performed to diagnose supraspinatus tendon tears regardless of arthroscopy exam. Although there are many studies on this subject, there is a lack of studies comparing the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of shoulder maneuvers and MRI to arthroscopic findings (intact, partial, or full thickness supraspinatus tendon tear).AIMTo compare the diagnostic values of shoulder maneuvers with MRI for supraspinatus tendon tears in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy.METHODSA total of 199 consecutive patients from four orthopedic centers met the eligibility criteria of shoulder pain persisting for at least four weeks. They were prospectively enrolled in this study from April 2017 to April 2019. Seven clinical tests (full can, empty can, drop arm, Hawkins’, painful arc, Neer’s sign and resisted external rotation) and MRI were performed, and all were compared with surgical findings. Full can, empty can and resisted external rotation tests were interpreted as positive in the case of pain and/or weakness. We assessed the Se, Sp, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio for overall, partial and full-thickness supraspinatus tears.RESULTSMRI had the highest Se for overall (0.97), partial (0.91) and full-thickness (0.99) tears; moreover, MRI had the highest NPV: 0.90, 0.88 and 0.98 for overall, partial and full-thickness tears, respectively. For overall supraspinatus tears, the Se and PPV were: Painful arc (Se = 0.85/PPV = 0.91), empty can (pain) (Se = 0.80/PPV = 0.89), full can (pain) (Se = 0.78/PPV = 0.90), resisted external rotation (pain) (Se = 0.48/PPV = 0.87), drop arm (Se = 0.19/PPV = 0.97), Neer’s sign (Se = 0.78/PPV = 0.93) and Hawkins’ (Se = 0.80/PPV = 0.88). MRI had the highest PPV (0.99). The Hawkin’s test had the highest false positive rate in patients with intact tendons (0.36). The Sp of the empty can and full can (both tests positive for pain and weakness), drop arm and MRI were: 0.93, 0.91, 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. For partial and full-thickness tears, the empty can test (positive for pain and weakness) had a Sp of 0.93, and the drop arm and MRI had the same Sp (0.98).CONCLUSIONPhysical examination demonstrated good diagnostic value, the drop arm test had a Sp as good as MRI for supraspinatus tears; however, MRI was more accurate in ruling out tears. The Hawkins’ test had high false-positive findings in patients with intact tendons.     

Diagnosis of bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears

Objective: To study the clinical features and diagnosis of bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears. Methods: From August 1999 to June 2006, 38 patients with bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tear were evaluated. Twenty‐eight men and ten women of average age 45.7 years (range, 18–69 years) with 11 left and 27 right shoulders were studied. According to the Ellman classification, 6 cases were classified as grade I, 7 as II and 25 as III. Physical and X‐ray examination, including anteroposterior and supraspinatus outlet views, were performed on both shoulders of all patients. Ultrasonography and MR examination were performed in 27 and 35 patients, respectively. Thirteen patients underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement of the rotator cuff. Twenty five patients underwent arthroscopic or mini‐open subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair. Results: All patients had shoulder pain, with 18 cases of night pain. No statistical difference in the incidence of night pain was found between the three groups. Strength of forward flexion and abduction of the affected shoulder was decreased in 25 patients. The Neer impingement sign was found in 35 cases (92.1%), Hawkins impingement sign in 27 (71.1%), tenderness of the greater tuberosity in 34 (89.5%), painful arc in 26 (68.4%), and traction test in 26 (68.4%). The positive rates for ultrasonography and MR were 48.1% and 74.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Long‐standing motion pain, impingement sign, painful arc, lock and crepitus in the subacromial space are suggestive of bursal‐side tears. MRI is much more accurate than ultrasonography. Fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images must be included. Arthroscopy is still the gold standard for making the diagnosis.     

肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的诊断

目的 探讨肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的临床特点和诊断方法.方法 1999年8月至2006年6月,对38例肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂患者进行手术治疗.男28例,女10例;年龄18～69岁,平均45.7岁.左肩11例,右肩27例.肩袖撕裂程度根据Ellman分类标准,Ⅰ度6例,Ⅱ度7例,Ⅲ度25例.术前对双侧肩关节进行系统检查.38例患者术前均拍摄肩关节正位和冈上肌出口位X线片,27例行B超检查,35例行MR或MRA检查.13例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖清理术,25例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术.结果 38例患者均有肩部疼痛,夜间痛18例.夜间痛在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度撕裂患者间阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.095).25例患者肩关节前屈及外展肌力下降.物理检查中阳性率较高的包括:Neer撞击征92.1%(35/38),Hawkins撞击征71.1%(27/38),肱骨大结节压痛89.5%(34/38),60°～120°痛弧征68.4%(26/38),牵拉抗阻试验68.4%(26/38).根据Bigliani肩峰分型标准:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ型10例.B超检查的阳性检出率为48.1%(13/27),MR检查的阳性检出率为74.3%(26/35).结论 肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂患者中,Neer撞击征及大结节压痛阳性率很高.B超和MR检查诊断肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂有一定价值.关节镜检查仍然是诊断肩袖滑囊侧部分撕裂的最可靠方法.     

超声检查对肩袖损伤的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声检查对肩袖损伤的诊断价值。方法 具有肩撞击综合征和（或）肩袖损伤体征患者53例56肩，男32例34肩，女21例22肩；年龄38-75岁，平均52岁。行超声检查和开放手术或关节镜治疗。通过超声检查对肩袖损伤进行分型，并与开放手术或关节镜所见进行比较。结果 超声检查诊断肩袖损伤32肩，诊断正常肩袖24肩；手术诊断肩袖损伤33肩，诊断正常肩袖23肩。超声检查诊断的灵敏度为90．91％，特异度为91_30％，阳性预测值为93．75％，阴性预测值为87．50％。广泛和大面积肩袖损伤，超声检查诊断6肩，手术诊断6肩；中、小面积全层损伤，超声检查诊断10肩，手术诊断11肩；肩峰面部分损伤，超声检查诊断5肩，手术诊断5肩；关节面部分损伤，超声检查诊断11肩，手术诊断11肩。手术切开修补12肩，关节镜辅助探查有限切开修补16肩，关节镜下断端射频紧缩6肩，关节镜下肩峰成形术22肩。结论 超声检查在诊断肩袖损伤方面具有较高的精确度，尤其适用于诊断肩袖全层损伤。     

Traumatic rotator cuff tears - Current concepts in diagnosis and management

Rotator cuff tears represent one of common shoulder pathologies presenting over a wide spectrum of age groups and varying presentation. Typically, rotator cuff tears occur more frequently in elderly than in younger patients, following a chronic or acute-on-chronic course and usually secondary to due to tendon degeneration. Though there has been a considerable debate in the literature of the terms “acute” and “traumatic” used in the classification of rotator cuff tears, there appears to be consensus about the need for early diagnosis to facilitate prompt surgical treatment and the improve patient outcome. Significant differences in rotator cuff tears between those occurring in younger and older patients could be due to mechanism of injury, presentation, severity of the tear, biological healing potential and rehabilitation. Acute traumatic rotator cuff tears especially in younger age group represent a distinct entity from other patterns of rotator cuff tears. Consequently, a high index of suspicion, focused clinical examination, complementary imaging is a pre-requisite for an early diagnosis and effective management.We analyze the biomechanical consequences of acute rotator cuff tears along with characteristic mechanism of injury and spectrum of tendon involvement. The evolving concepts in the diagnosis and management of these distinct injuries are discussed with review of current literature.