小脑幕脑膜瘤显微手术治疗

目的探讨不同分型小脑幕脑膜瘤手术入路和显微手术的治疗策略。方法回顾性分析36例小脑幕脑膜瘤病例资料,根据肿瘤基底附着于小脑幕的位置及肿瘤主体部位所在而分为6个类型:幕上内侧型6例,幕上外侧型8例,幕下内侧型7例,幕下外侧型4例,跨幕型6例和镰幕型5例,采取个体化手术入路进行显微手术切除。结果小脑幕脑膜瘤达到SimpsonⅠ级切除18例(50.0%),Ⅱ级切除13例(36.1%),Ⅳ级切除5例(13.9%),无手术死亡病例。术后随访6～96个月,失访2例。术前KPS为(85.83±8.74),术后1个月为(65.83±10.52),术后6个月为(83.06±11.42)。5例肿瘤残留病人与2例复发病人,均采用伽玛刀治疗,随访中未见再次复发。结论根据小脑幕脑膜瘤不同分型,个体化选择手术入路并运用显微操作技术,可提高手术全切率,减少并发症,提高手术疗效。     

小脑幕脑膜瘤显微手术治疗及手术入路选择

目的 探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术治疗和手术入路选择。方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2017年3月手术治疗的92例小脑幕脑膜瘤的临床资料。内侧型和外侧型向幕上发展者,采用扩大翼点入路10例,颞下入路23例,颞枕部入路18例;肿瘤全部或主体在颅后窝21例,采用枕下或枕部幕上下联合入路;20例镰幕型采用枕部经小脑幕入路。结果 肿瘤全切除86例,部分切除6例。无手术死亡病例。83例术后随访1~8年,正常工作、生活71例,生活自理8例,生活需要照顾4例;肿瘤复发再次手术7例（次全切除5例,全切除2例）。结论 手术全切除小脑膜脑膜瘤可获得满意效果及良好预后;根据肿瘤特点设计合适的手术入路以及熟练掌握局部神经解剖和显微神经外科技术是手术成功的关键;术中深静脉系统及大静脉窦的保护具有重要意义。     

小脑幕脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术入路及显微手术技巧。方法回顾性分析安徽宿州市立医院2008年6月~2014年2月间住院手术的17例小脑幕脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。依据肿瘤基底附着部位和主体生长方向选择不同的手术入路。幕上型脑膜瘤采用颞枕部入路2例,采用枕部入路4例;幕下脑膜瘤采用枕下乙状窦后入路6例,采用后正中幕下小脑上入路2例;小脑幕切迹缘采用枕下经天幕入路2例;幕上下脑膜瘤采用幕上下入路1例。结果本组患者中小脑幕脑膜瘤全切除(SimpsonⅠ级和Ⅱ级)14例,次全切除1例,大部分切除2例。结论小脑幕脑膜瘤适宜积极的手术治疗,合适的显微手术入路以及恰当的手术方法能提高治疗效果。     

显微手术切除30例小脑幕脑膜瘤的治疗体会

目的 探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术治疗体会.方法 回顾性分析东莞市人民医院神经外科自2004年7月至2011年9月显微手术治疗的30例小脑幕脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,包括病理资料、手术经过、术后效果及随访研究等,并总结治疗体会.结果 肿瘤全切19例,近全切6例,部分切除5例.术后患者症状均有不同程度的改善.经过8个月～5年的随访研究,无一例患者死亡,均无明显手术并发症发生.结论 对于小脑幕脑膜瘤,由于其自身特点,应当选择适当的手术人路,术中采用显微手术技巧,并妥善处理和保护静脉窦、神经、脑干等,这是提高手术疗效和患者术后生活质量的关键.     

小脑幕巨大脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗简

目的总结小脑幕巨大脑膜瘤显微手术切除经验。方法回顾性分析28例小脑幕巨大脑膜瘤的病例资料,肿瘤最大径4．6-7．2cm。结果肿瘤达Simpson I级切除10例,Ⅱ级切除13例,Ⅳ级切除5例。本组无死亡病例。结论小脑幕巨大脑膜瘤显微手术切除预后较好,术前脑DSA对判断血供来源和术中处理静脉窦有重要意义。     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗的手术技巧。方法在脑干听觉诱发电位和肌电图联合监测下,采用枕下-乙状窦后入路对26例桥小脑角脑膜瘤病人行显微手术治疗,观察术后肿瘤切除程度、脑神经功能变化及主要并发症。结果肿瘤达SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级切除22例,SimpsonⅢ级切除4例;其中面、听神经解剖保留24例。无手术死亡病例。术后临床症状改善17例,无变化5例,恶化4例。4例SimpsonⅢ级切除病人术后均行伽玛刀放射治疗。随访3个月-3.5年,26例病人均未见肿瘤复发或明显增大。结论显微外科手术联合术中神经电生理监测是治疗桥小脑角脑膜瘤安全、有效的方法。     

小脑幕区脑膜瘤的临床特征和显微手术治疗振刚陈(附29例报告)

目的探讨小脑幕区脑膜瘤的临床特征及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2009年10月收治的29例小脑幕区脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果 29例小脑幕区脑膜瘤中,SimpsonⅠ级切除19例,SimpsonⅡ级切除6例,SimpsonⅢ级切除3例,死亡1例。术后临床症状消失或缓解27例,动眼神经功能障碍1例。结论小脑幕区脑膜瘤临床表现以颅内压增高为主,合适的手术入路及术中对静脉窦的恰当处理对改善患者的预后有重要帮助。     

显微手术切除蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤(附10例报告)

目的总结蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微手术治疗经验.方法回顾分析显微镜下切除10例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤.巨大型2例,大型6例,小型2例,内侧型7型,外侧型3例.结果按Simpson‘s法切除程度分级:Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级1例,无手术死亡.术后全部病人均经随访,随访时间半年至5年,尚未发现肿瘤复发.结论显微外科及术者的临床经验是蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤术后疗效的关键.     

颞下经天幕入路显微手术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的探讨颞下经小脑幕入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的显微手术方法和结果。方法 25例岩斜区脑膜瘤病人,全部经CT、MRI明确诊断,其中大型(瘤径2.5~4.4 cm)18例、巨大型(4.5 cm)7例。均采用颞下经小脑幕入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果镜下全切除肿瘤20例(80%),大部分切除5例,无死亡。术后新增颅神经损伤11例。术后随访1~24个月,全切病例有4例复发。结论颞下经小脑幕入路是切除中上斜坡以上尤其是侵及麦氏腔的岩斜区脑膜瘤实用的手术入路。     

侵袭性凸面脑膜瘤的临床诊断及治疗

目的总结侵袭性凸面脑膜瘤的临床诊治经验。方法回顾性分析60例侵袭性凸面脑膜瘤的临床表现、影像学特点、病理学特征、治疗及随访资料。结果 60例均行显微切除,病理学均为良性脑膜瘤。脑膜侵袭型38例,SimpsonⅠ级、Ⅱ级切除18例,Ⅲ级切除20例;颅骨侵袭型22例,SimpsonⅠ级、Ⅱ级切除12例,Ⅲ级切除10例。Ⅲ级切除者术后均行普通放疗。平均随访3.4年:死亡12例,其中单纯手术治疗9例,术后放疗治疗3例。复发18例,脑膜侵袭型13例,其中未放疗7例,放疗6例;颅骨侵袭型5例,其中未放疗4例,放疗1例。结论侵袭性凸面脑膜瘤具有良性脑膜瘤的临床表现,影像学特征、术中浸润特点及细胞学良性特征是诊断依据,手术切除程度和术后放疗是影响其复发的两大因素。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂相关性分析

目的 探讨他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂的影响。方法 2010年3月至2014年3月收治颅内囊状动脉瘤67例,其中破裂者32例,未破裂者35例。采用多变量Logistic回归评估他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂的关系。结果 破裂组术前使用他汀类药物4例（12.5%,4/32）,未破裂组16例（45.7%,16/35）。破裂组服用他汀类药物的百分比显著低于未破裂组（P<0.01）。纠正潜在的混杂干扰后（or值: 0.30,95%可信空间:0.12~="" 0.64）显示,颅内动脉瘤破裂与他汀类药物的使用呈显著负相关,也与高血清总胆固醇浓度有关。结论 本结果提示他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂有一定的预防效果。