住院精神病患者自杀致死分析

目的：为了减少住院精神病人自杀死亡率，提高预防措施。方法：对我院1960年12月-1995年12月住院精神病人自杀致死的病历资料进行分析。结果：其间自杀致死23例，其中精神分裂症18例，躁狂发作3例，癔症性精神障碍1例，酒依赖1例，自杀致死占同期死亡人数的14．1％，自杀死亡率1．64‰。白天自杀者占近一半，自缢是住院精神病人主要自杀方式。精神分裂症自杀死因中，对药源性抑郁自杀与分裂症后抑郁自杀比较，发现氯丙嗪等效日量和治疗天数均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：1．早期及时处理药物不良反应、恢复期加强心理治疗是防治住院精神分裂症病人自杀的有效措施；2．治疗躁狂同样需要防自杀。     

住院精神病患者自杀致死分析

目的为了减少住院精神病人自杀死亡率,提高预防措施. 方法对我院1960年12月-1995年12月住院精神病人自杀致死的病历资料进行分析. 结果其间自杀致死23例,其中精神分裂症18例,躁狂发作3例,癔症性精神障碍1例,酒依赖1例,自杀致死占同期死亡人数的14.1%,自杀死亡率1.64‰ .白天自杀者占近一半,自缢是住院精神病人主要自杀方式.精神分裂症自杀死因中,对药源性抑郁自杀与分裂症后抑郁自杀比较,发现氯丙嗪等效日量和治疗天数均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论1.早期及时处理药物不良反应、恢复期加强心理治疗是防治住院精神分裂症病人自杀的有效措施;2.治疗躁狂同样需要防自杀.     

门诊精神病患者9例死亡原因分析

目的：探讨门诊精神病患者死亡原因。方法：回顾性分析门诊精神病患者9例死亡原因。结果：精神病自杀者中老年人占多数,尤以抑郁症及精神分裂症为多,未得到家庭支持、未服药易导致自杀死亡。结论：普及精神卫生知识、积极危机干预是预防精神病患者自杀死亡的重要措施。     

3例住院精神病人自杀死亡的护理工作教训

精神病人的自杀行为导致死亡在精神科临床工作中并不少见,为了全面了解住院精神病人自杀死亡的原因,做好精神病人防自杀护理,减少意外事故的发生,寻求防自杀护理的有效途径,我院在1995～1996年间通过对3例住院精神病人自杀死亡的资料进行分析,从中吸取教训,寻求防自杀护理的有效途径,从而减少意外事故的发生。1临床资料例1:患者,男性,37岁。15年前诊断为精神分裂症偏执型。自杀方式:利用厕所内的上下水管作支撑自缢。例2:患者,男性,52岁。诊断为精神分裂症,病程20年。自杀方式:利用床拦作支撑自缢。例3:患者,女性,43岁。诊断精神分裂症,病程…     

精神病患者自杀行为的临床分析与护理对策

目的通过对精神病患者自杀的临床分析,探寻预防及护理对策。方法采用回顾性研究方法,调阅住院自杀患者的病历共69例进行分析。结果精神分裂症最多见,占72.4%,其中1例自杀死亡。结论提高护理质量,加强责任心,改善病房环境,加强病区管理,去除危险因素是预防自杀的重要因素。     

半开放式管理下精神病患者自杀死亡分析及防范措施

目的 探讨半开放式管理模式下精神病患者自杀的防范措施。方法回顾分析1988年1月2004年10月汕头大学精神卫生中心，8538例住院精神病患者中，自杀死亡5例的相关资料。结果自溢4例，呼吸道异物1例，自杀死亡率0．59‰，比国内精神病住院患者自杀死亡率0．84‰低，自杀与诊断、患者的文化程度、医院的物品管理、护士的安全意识、抢救的成功率有关。结论应从重视精神分裂症患者继发抑郁情绪，重视患者的文化程度，加强物品管理，提高护理人员的安全意识，提高抢救成功率等方面减少住院精神病患者的自杀死亡率。     

住院精神分裂症病人自杀行为分析及防护

目的探讨精神分裂症患者自杀的因素,找出规律,制定防护措施.方法采用回顾性方法对1995～2000年住院精神分裂症患者有自杀意念并有自杀行为至少一次者23例进行研究.结果精神分裂症自杀以偏执型占首位,其次青春型.自杀方式以自缢为常见方式,自杀先兆征象以失眠,抑郁为主,其次是焦虑.结论了解住院精神分裂症患者自杀行为特征,有针对性地采取有效的防护措施,可将病人自杀率减少到最低限度.     

20例自杀未遂精神分裂症患者的心理分析

精神分裂症是一种常见的重型精神病,精神分裂症患者在住院期间常常发生毁物、出走伤人和自杀等意外事故,其中以自杀后果最为严重。作者对１９８５～１９９７年２０例在住院期间自杀未遂的精神分裂症患者进行了心理调查,以探讨自杀的动机,为做好心理护理和杜绝病人自杀...     

住院精神分裂症病人自杀行为分析及防护

目的探讨精神分裂症患者自杀的因素,找出规律,制定防护措施.方法采用回顾性方法对1995～2000年住院精神分裂症患者有自杀意念并有自杀行为至少一次者23例进行研究.结果精神分裂症自杀以偏执型占首位,其次青春型.自杀方式以自缢为常见方式,自杀先兆征象以失眠,抑郁为主,其次是焦虑.结论了解住院精神分裂症患者自杀行为特征,有针对性地采取有效的防护措施,可将病人自杀率减少到最低限度.     

135例精神分裂症自杀未遂的病例对照研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者自杀行为的危险因素。方法：对135例有自杀行为和733例无自样行为的精神分裂症患者进行病例对照研究,结果：精神分裂症偏执型,有阳性自杀家族史和病前负性生活事件,多次复发住院及有幻觉,妄想,抑郁等阳性症状的患者有较高的自杀危险性,与对照组比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0．01）,结论：精神分裂症偏执型,阳性自杀家族史,病前负性生活事件,多次复发住院,幻觉,妄想,抑郁应视为精神分裂症患者自杀的危险因素。     

基诺族自杀和自杀未遂的10年随访调查

目的 调查云南省基诺山基诺族近10年内(1999年至2009年)的自杀死亡及自杀未遂的发生率及其发生特点.方法 采取整群随机抽样的方法,对云南省基诺山44个基诺族自然村共10 610人采取线索与入户调查相结合的方法,收集其自杀死亡和自杀未遂者的人口学资料.结果 基诺山基诺族近10年的年平均自杀死亡的发生率为30.16/10万,年平均自杀未遂的发生率为4.71/10万.结论 基诺族的自杀死亡率高于全国总人口的平均水平;自杀未遂的发生率低于全国总人口的平均水平.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the recent decade (1999 to 2009) incidence of committed suicide and attempted suicide of the Jinuo nationality in Jinuo Mountain and study the clinical characteristics of it. Methods 10 610 subjects at 44 Jinuo villagers committees were investigated by the method of door-to-door inquiry under the help of clues and collected the data of larithmics and medical history. Results 32 committed suicide patients were found in total, and the average incidence rate per year in the recent decade was 30. 16/100 000. 5 attempted suicide patients were found and the average incidence rate per year in the recent decade was 4.71/100 000. Conclusion The Jinuo committed suicide incidence rate is higher than nationwide level. The attempted suicide incidence rate is lower than nationwide level.     

Suicide rate after the 1991-1995 War in Southwestern Croatia

BACKGROUND: The paper analyzed the impact of war, the most pernicious of social evils, taking into consideration intensity of change in rate of suicide in the southwestern region of Croatia during the war and including three distinctly specific intervals, two peacetime-one pre-war (1986-1990) and one post-war (1996-2000) as well as the period of the war itself (1991-1995). METHODS: From 853 cases of suicide committed during the period under review, age and gender of suicide victims, level of alcohol intoxication at suicide, means used in committing suicide, and suicide rate in years under review were analyzed. Quantitative characteristics of suicides were compared with other types of violent deaths, e.g., homicides and accidents. Frequencies of different features are shown graphically. Statistica 4.0 for Windows 98 was used in data processing. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,925 violent deaths in the period under review (1986-2000), 29.16% or 853 suicides (29.1%) were recorded. A total of 513 suicides were committed in the peace-time period--262 prior to the war (1986-1990) and 251 after the war (1996-2000)--while 340 suicides were recorded during the war (1991-1995). Means of committing suicide also changed drastically during the war, when 64 cases of firearm use were recorded compared with 18 cases during the pre-war interval and 36 cases in the post-war interval. CONCLUSIONS: Three parameters, namely, suicide rate, use of firearms, and intoxication, suffered the greatest changes in the war compared with the pre- and post-war period in the region under review.     

Self-harm: 2. Deliberate nonfatal self-harm.

The incidence of deliberate acts of self-harm, such as drug overdoses, has greatly increased in the past two decades. The term "suicide attempt" is really a misnomer. For most people who harm themselves the primary motivation is rarely to die. As well, there are many differences between self-harm patients and patients who have committed suicide. The former tend to be characterologically disturbed and socially disadvantaged. Intervention narrowly focused on suicide prevention will lead to lengthy hospital stays in high-risk cases and ineffective treatment for most self-harm patients, who tend not to comply with outpatient treatment. Crisis-oriented intervention with a brief hospital stay in all cases of self-harm may provide more effective assessment and management.     

综合医院急诊室自杀未遂患者特征分析

目的 调杳自杀未遂患者各种精神障碍的患病率,分析精神障碍自杀未遂患者的临床特征.方法 按市内不同地区分布抽取沈阳市4家三级综合医院进行调查,共调查239例15周岁以上的急诊室自杀未遂患者.调查员在自杀未遂患者经抢救病情好转后用自伤者一般情况表、自伤情况问卷、汉密顿抑郁量表-24项和<美国精神疾病与行为障碍分类与诊断标准>(第4版)科研版轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查-病人版进行调查.结果 自杀未遂者自伤当时精神障碍的总患病率为69.46%,其中心境障碍患病率最高(48.12%);有精神障碍者中仅7.23%看过心理或精神科,并接受药物治疗.患有精神障碍的自杀未遂者冲动性自杀少,伤害发牛后自救率低,自伤目的 以解脱痛苦、减轻他人负担为主.患有精神障碍的自杀未遂者的各项抑郁症状及抑郁程度比无精神障碍者更严重(均P<0.05).结论 综合医院急诊室自杀未遂患者精神障碍患病率高,自杀前就诊率低;患有精神障碍的自杀未遂者以非冲动性自杀为主,伤害发生后自救率低,目的 以解脱痛苦、减轻他人负担为主;患有精神障碍的自杀未遂人群自杀与精神障碍中的抑郁成分最直接相关.     

精神病人自杀行为的随访研究

目的探讨精神病人自杀行为的危险因素。方法对73例有自杀行为的精神病人出院后进行5年跟踪随访研究。结果出院后5年内有61.6%的病人再次出现自杀行为,其中15.1%的病人自杀身亡。再次出现自杀的因素有阳性家族史、社会支持状态较差等。结论有精神病和自杀家族史且有自杀行为者再次发生自杀的机率较大,病人出院后的心理康复治疗和建立良好的社会环境是防止自杀的重要措施。     

精神病人自杀行为的随访研究

目的：探讨精神病人自杀行为的危险因素。方法：对73例有自杀行为的精神病人的出院后进行5年跟踪随访研究。结果：出院后5年内有61．6％的病人再次出现自杀行为,其中15．1％的病人自杀身亡,再次出现自杀的因素有阳性家庭史,社会支持状态较差异等。结论：有精神病和自杀家族史且有自杀行为者再次发生自杀的机率较大,病人出院后的心理康复治疗和建立良好的社会环境是防止自杀的重要措施。     

中药薰洗治疗老年期精神病患者的临床观察

目的：探讨中药薰洗治疗老年期精神病患者的临床效果。方法将97例老年期精神病患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予常规治疗配合中药薰洗,对照组给予常规治疗,使用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、简易智力状况检查量表（MMSE）、失眠症疗效评定标准等来评价患者的精神症状、认知功能、镇静催眠药物使用情况及睡眠状况的改善情况。结果中药薰洗对老年期精神病患者的精神症状除思维障碍以外的其他症状的改善都有效果（P〈0.05）,对老年期精神病患者认知功能的影响无差异（P〉0.05）,治疗组睡眠改善有效率为91.7%,对照组睡眠改善有效率为65.3%;中药薰洗对老年期精神病患者镇静催眠的使用率由63%降到21%。结论中药薰洗能改善老年期精神病患者的睡眠状态,从而改善患者的精神症状,无明显副作用和依赖性,操作简单方便,适合长期使用。     

International correlations between gun ownership and rates of homicide and suicide.

OBJECTIVE: To examine international correlations between reported rates of household gun ownership and rates of homicide and suicide with a gun. DESIGN: Survey. POPULATION: People who responded to a telephone survey conducted by the 1989 International Crime Survey in 11 European countries, Australia, Canada and the United States. RESULTS: Positive correlations were obtained between the rates of household gun ownership and the national rates of homicide and suicide as well as the proportions of homicides and suicides committed with a gun. There was no negative correlation between the rates of ownership and the rates of homicide and suicide committed by other means; this indicated that the other means were not used to "compensate" for the absence of guns in countries with a lower rate of gun ownership. CONCLUSION: Larger studies are needed to examine more closely possible confounding factors such as the national tendency toward violent solutions, and more information on the type and availability of guns will be helpful in future studies. Nevertheless, the correlations detected in this study suggest that the presence of a gun in the home increases the likelihood of homicide or suicide.     

Increased suicide rate before and during the war in southwestern Croatia

BACKGROUND: This paper analyzes the impact of war, with special regard for the intensity of changes in the suicide rate in wartime in the southwestern region of Croatia. The investigated region has an area of 7,993 km2 with a population of 322,964. Most of the population lives in the city of Rijeka, the regional center. METHODS: During the 10-year period from 1986-1995, a total of 4,172 deaths were investigated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Rijeka. Official reports based on forensic autopsies performed on the corpses note 602 cases of suicide, which have been confirmed by police investigation and forensic examination. As the investigated 10-year period encompasses two distinctly specific intervals-the peacetime 1986-1990 interval and wartime 1991-1995-the differences in respective quantitative and qualitative features of suicides during these two intervals were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 262 suicides were committed in peacetime at the rate of 16.22/100,000 inhabitants, as opposed to 340 suicides in wartime at a rate of 19.61/100,000 inhabitants. This increase in the wartime suicide rate was primarily due to the 83% increase in the number of suicide victims <40 years of age. The number of suicides by firearms in wartime was almost fourfold the number in peacetime. CONCLUSIONS: Wartime conditions had a direct impact on the change of quantitative and qualitative features of suicides.     

深圳市住院流浪精神病患者的现状分析

目的:了解流浪精神病患者的现状。方法:用自编的调查表和CCMD-3对本院关爱病区2005年5月1日至2006年4月30日住院治疗的357例流浪精神病患者进行调查。结果:住院流浪精神病患者男性比例低于女性,未婚、离婚、邻近省市户籍、无工作者居多,公安部门送入者、既往有精神病史而精神病复发居多,精神分裂症为主,伤人毁物、脏臭流浪居多,大多伴躯体疾病,救助站和慢病院接出院居多。虽然家属接出院占33.6%例,但家属承担费用仅占14.8%,医院承担医疗费用66.1%。结论:流浪精神病患者生存状况差,影响了社会和谐,加强社区精神卫生服务是解决这一现象可行的方法,精神卫生立法是精神科目前迫切的工作。