甲醛与噪声对神经行为功能影响的联合作用探讨

目的：为探讨甲醛、噪声以及甲醛与噪声联合作用对作业工人神经行为功能的影响。方法：本文使用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为功能核心测试组合检测项目（ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ）,分别对从事接触甲醛作业（５５名）、噪声作业（６８名）、甲醛加噪声作用（９６名）工人及对照组（７８名）进行神经行为功能的测试,并进行统计分析。结果：甲醛和噪声对神经行为功能均有影响。在甲醛与噪声联合作用中对神经行为功能的影响有增强作用。结论：     

噪声作业职工脑电图与心理状态分析

为了解长时间在噪声环境中人体心理状态的变化,我们对某机械加工车间131名噪声作业职工进行了健康体检,并对作业场所进行了卫生学监测评价,结果报告如下。1 对象与方法1.1 对象 采取整体抽样方式,选择接触噪声因素的131名职工为观察对象。其中男285名,平均年龄36.62±5.22岁;平均工龄16.66±4.84年;女工46名,平均年龄38.24±6.46岁,平均工龄18.43±6.74年。1.2 方法 使用衡阳JS—1型精密声级计对作业场所噪声监     

高海拔下纺织噪声对女工生殖系统的影响

为进一步了解及探讨高海拔环境中纺织行业机器噪声对女工生殖系统的损害状况，我们对海拔高度为2300～2700m地区的纺织行业噪声进行调查，并对接触噪声作业的纺织女工进行健康检查，现将结果报告如下：     

某油田公司职业卫生现状调查

目的了解某油田公司职业卫生现状。方法现场调查该公司各分厂生产工艺流程、有害作业岗位、职业病危害因素分布、接触人数、职业病危害防护设施、个人使用的职业病防护用品、建设项目职业病危害预评价与控制效果评价的情况。对有害作业岗位作业环境进行职业病危害因素监测,对全公司从事有毒有害职工进行职业性健康检查。结果该公司存在有毒有害因素分厂的8家企业,检测噪声强度315个点,合格率95.2％;化学毒物524个点,合格率96.7％;粉尘浓度26个点,合格率100％;职业病检出率为0,但1426人接触噪声人员中,检出听力损失医学观察对象85人,异常检出率5.96％。体检项目：电测听异常率最高为21.3％,其次B超异常检出率为18.3％。结论该油田公司职业病危害因素主要为噪声、苯系物、粉尘及职业危害因素的联合作用,噪声危害应成为职业卫生工作的防治重点。虽然该公司各有害因素检测合格率较高,但应加强超标点个人防护用品有效使用和监督管理。     

噪声作业工人血压状况的调查分析

本文报告了在超时间暴露在严重超标的噪声环境,作业工人血压状况的调查。选择在我市某玻璃厂生产车间工人１２６名与该厂无接触噪声的行政后勤人员１０５名作比较。调查结果表明：噪声作业工人其血压水平及高血压患病率均高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,且随着工龄的增长,血压水平及高血压患病率有明显增高的趋势（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结果提示：在长时间、超时暴露在严重超标噪声环境下的作业工人,其血压水平及高血压患病率有较大的影     

职业性噪声对工人听力的影响

目的：了解职业性噪声对工人听力的影响。方法：选择500名噪声作业工人及对其工作环境进行劳动卫生学调查，另将500名非噪声作业的人员设为对照组，分析2组研究对象听力水平的差异。结果：接触组的听损检出率为（22．4％），与对照组（4．2％）差异有显著性（x^2=71．81，P〈O．01）；听损检出率与噪声暴露水平和接噪工龄有关。结论：听损检出率随噪声暴露水平和接噪工龄的增加而增高。     

某热电厂新建工程职业病危害控制效果评价

目的了解某热电厂新建工程职业病危害控制效果。方法采用职业卫生学调查方法,对作业环境中职业性有害物质的浓(强)度进行监测,并对监测结果进行评价和分析。结果对32个工作点的噪声监测显示,只有碎煤机处和3处球磨机处样本超过国家标准,但经佩戴耳塞等个人防护用具后可达到国家标准,其余各点均符合国家标准要求;18个监测点的108份粉尘样本和2个监测点的12份有害物质样本均符合国家标准;各作业场所的气象条件均符合国家卫生标准要求。项目的噪声、粉尘和有毒物质的防护措施齐备,生活卫生设施符合工业企业设计卫生标准的要求。结论该热电厂新建工程项目的作业场所有害物质浓(强)度、卫生防护设施和生活卫生设施符合相关法规和标准规范的要求。     

噪声作业人员心电图的观察

噪声作业人员心电图的观察广东省职业病防治院（广州市怡乐路，５１０２６０）陈朝东对电筒厂和印刷厂的噪声作业点进行监测及对作业人员进行心电图检查，结果整理分析如下。对象和方法一、观察对象：噪声组选取印刷行业和电筒制造行业从事噪声作业人员共１７６例（男１３...     

2015年株洲市噪声作业人员体检及诊断情况浅析

目的：了解株洲市噪声作业职业健康监护及噪声聋诊断情况,为噪声聋的预防、诊断提供依据。方法运用回顾性调查方法,对株洲市2015年开展的噪声作业职业健康检查及噪声聋诊断情况进行综合分析。结果已开展噪声作业职业健康体检的企业127家,覆盖率为59.07%,体检率为64.04%,检出职业禁忌症、疑似职业病221例,检出率为2.91%,无噪声聋诊断病例。结论株洲市噪声作业健康监护状况和噪声聋诊断情况不容乐观,应继续扩大职业病防治法的宣传,加大职业卫生执法力度,提高职业健康检查的覆盖面。     

某钢铁企业生产环境噪声强度分级的调查

为全面了解某钢铁企业噪声作业的职业危害,并指导企业有计划、有步骤地对不同危害程度的作业环境进行有效治理,我们对某钢铁企业噪声作业状况进行了分级调查研究,现将调查结果报告如下.     

粉尘、噪声职业卫生检测结果不确定度分析

目的分析粉尘、噪声的测量不确定度,保证检测数据质量可靠。方法按照《实验室资质认定工作指南》和《测量不确定度评定与表示》（JJF1059-1999）的方法,对总粉尘、呼吸性粉尘、噪声检测的不确定度进行分析,得出扩展不确定度。结果测量过程引入的不确定度主要来源有测量的重复性和仪器校准的不确定度,总粉尘、呼吸性粉尘及噪声的扩展不确定度为3.48%、5.78%和1.42dB（A）。结论在职业卫生报告测量结果时,应该同时使用测量不确定度定量地表述测量结果的质量,以便判定是否超标。粉尘测量过程引入的不确定度主要由采样器校准引起,应尽量购买系统误差较小的设备。噪声测量过程引入的不确定度主要由测量重复性引起,需要提高人员操作一致性能力,保证检测结果质量可靠。     

公共娱乐场所的噪声问题及其控制

本文通过对常德市区娱乐场所噪声的三年研究,对14个娱乐场所174个监测点的数据统计结果、8个娱乐场所的辐射噪声声级监测结果和市区噪声污染分布进行分析。通过主观试验进行了节目噪声的烦扰度调查,绘出了噪声污染分布图和辐射噪声对邻近居民工作和休息很干扰百分数的关系图。通过现场调查对降低娱乐场所噪声的可能方法提出了自己的意见,为噪声控制提供参考。     

浅谈食品经营单位实施量化分级管理制度

为贯彻实施卫生部制订的食品卫生监督量化分级管理制度,天津市卫生局公共卫生监督所于2003年对食品经营单位开展了初步的实施工作,取得明显的收效.同时,针对卫生监督实践工作中存在的问题,提出相应的建议.     

淄博市主要工业噪声危害状况的调查

目的摸清淄博市主要工业企业的噪声危害状况,探索噪声作业危害的分级方法.方法选择淄博市7个主要工业行业的22个工业企业为调查研究对象,测定生产性噪声强度和噪声作业人员的听力,按照等效连续A声级的大小对噪声作业岗位进行分级.结果淄博市主要工业企业噪声作业点以纺织、冶金、机械制造和水泥建材的噪声强度较高,Ⅱ级以上噪声作业岗位占46.1%.结论噪声作业可以用等效连续A声级来进行分级.     

2010—2015年深圳市宝安区某公立学校教学与生活环境卫生现状调查

目的 对2010—2015年深圳市某街道公立学校教学与生活环境卫生现状进行调查,为改善学校教学环境卫生提出一些依据。 方法 根据《中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规范》《学校卫生监督综合评价》《学校卫生综合评价》中所制定的标准监测及评价学校教学与生活环境。 结果 卫生学指标不合格的有:前、后排教室间距、外环境对教室产生的噪声、黑板面照度、教室后墙反射比、黑板下缘与讲台地面的距离、课椅分配符合率和课桌分配符合率。 结论 当前深圳市某街道公立学校的学校卫生环境突出问题是前、后排教室间距、外环境对教室产生的噪声、黑板面照度、教室后墙反射比、黑板下缘与讲台地面距离等,这些问题会直接影响学生的生长发育,教育部门应该加大投入,努力为学生提供合格的教学与生活环境。     

Assessment of sociodynamic parameters and critical life change events in functional epigastric syndromes within the scope of an epidemiologic study

In a rural district 187 patients with functional upper abdominal syndromes were examined in a neurological outpatient department by means of a clinical epidemiological questionnaire (46 parameters) and a modified life-event-inventory by Holmes and Rahe (56 items), expanded multidimensionally by subjective parameters of events. The epidemiological and stress-theoretical start of examination aimed at the result whether both methods in practice can help individually for a diagnostics fixed to therapy of psychosomatically sick persons. The representation of some results is limited to the sphere of work. One third of all patients mentioned conflicts in this field. Life-events belonging to the sphere of work with highly emotional filling by stress-experience were mentioned by the half of all patients. Both methods allow a more structured recording of the life-situation, of specific charges, of the individual kind of experience and a faster approach to the sphere of motivations, to problems of the development of such persons and their competencies to overcome these problems, as well as both methods allow an intelligibility of the genesis of this disease.     

Environmental and personal monitoring of exposure to urban noise and community response

Noise exposure of a population sample living in a city in northern Italy (Genoa) was assessed by measuring the noise in the area as well as with personal sound detectors. Sampling was conducted during a standard day and covered a period of time spent out-of-doors, at work (service sector) and at home. Ambient noise at home and at work was assessed with sound-level meters, personal exposure levels were assessed with personal sound-level/dosimeters. Information regarding each environment was obtained with an interview including also a subjective judgement on traffic intensity and noise levels. The mean individual equivalent continuous sound level (L_eq) of recorded noise was 74.5 dB(A) for 24 h and 63.9 dB(A) at night. A further distinction was made between noise exposure at home (L_eq 74.4), work (L_eq 74.0) and during city transfers (L_eq 79.3). L_eq values for individual hours, Leq daytime (L_{eq, d}), Leq nighttime (L_{eq, n}) and Leq day-night (L_dn) indices calculated in the different environments, i.e. at work, home and out-of-doors, are reported here. Individual noise levels have then been compared with environmental data and with subjective noise exposure judgement.     

Spatial Variation in Environmental Noise and Air Pollution in New York City

Exposure to environmental noise from traffic is common in urban areas and has been linked to increased risks of adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease. Because traffic sources also produce air pollutants that increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity, associations between traffic exposures and health outcomes may involve confounding and/or synergisms between air pollution and noise. While prior studies have characterized intraurban spatial variation in air pollution in New York City (NYC), limited data exists on the levels and spatial variation in noise levels. We measured 1-week equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (L_eq) at 56 sites during the fall of 2012 across NYC locations with varying traffic intensity and building density that are routinely monitored for combustion-related air pollutants. We evaluated correlations among several noise metrics used to characterize noise exposures, including L_eq during different time periods (night, day, weekday, weekend), L_dn (day-night noise), and measures of intermittent noise defined as the ratio of peak levels to median and background levels. We also examined correlations between sound pressure levels and co-located simultaneous measures of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and black carbon (BC) as well as estimates of traffic and building density around the monitoring sites. Noise levels varied widely across the 56 monitoring sites; 1-week L_eq varied by 21.6 dBA (range 59.1–80.7 dBA) with the highest levels observed during the weekday, daytime hours. Indices of average noise were well correlated with each other (r > 0.83), while indices of intermittent noise were not well correlated with average noise levels (r < 0.41). One-week L_eq correlated well with NO, NO₂, and EC levels (r = 0.61 to 0.68) and less so with PM_2.5 levels (r = 0.45). We observed associations between 1-week noise levels and traffic intensity within 100 m of the monitoring sites (r = 0.58). The high levels of noise observed in NYC often exceed recommended guidelines for outdoor and personal exposures, suggesting unhealthy levels in many locations. Associations between noise, traffic, and combustion air pollutants suggest the possibility for confounding and/or synergism in intraurban epidemiological studies of traffic-related health effects. The different spatial pattern of intermittent noise compared to average noise level may suggest different sources.     

研究型医院科技成果转化支撑服务体系建设思考与实践

目的 针对现阶段研究型医院普遍面临成果转化效率低下的突出问题,提出从建立技术转移服务机构、概念验证中心、医工交叉平台、协同创新平台四个方面,建立研究型医院成果转化全链条支撑服务体系.方法 通过对四川大学华西医院超过150位医院医务人员进行调查,综合分析其成果转化相关政策知晓度、成果情况、转化服务需求.结果 有42％的专...     

Occupational health and safety in the least developed countries--a simple case of neglect

In many of the least developed countries, working people are significantly exposed to a number of occupational problems that may result in a deterioration of their health, safety and well being. These work-related problems are untenable, not only because of the occupational problems itself but also because of the simultaneous exposure to heat, dusts, noise, organo-chemicals, and biological and environmental pollution. This situation has existed for a long time due to various socio economic,geographical, cultural and local factors. The deteriorating situation of health and safety in the workplace may perhaps exist due to the inadequate resource facilities, economic constraints and lack of opportunity to conduct research and studies on the assessment of exposure-diseases associations. Officials, who are employed by the state, are not able to implement work regulations and labour legislation easily. Generally, they are not professionally trained and expert in the occupational health, industrial hygiene and/or safety fields, and thus, successful application and implementation of control measures are lacking. Steps to control work exposure limits have been ineffective, since national policies have been rare, owing to the multiple obstacles in preventing occupational problems. However, the major focus is on practical solutions to differing workers' needs, consideration of which is very important, depending on the what the industrial entrepreneurs could reasonably to be expected to afford. Why there is a lack of motivation and effort regarding the development of health and safety-this paper explores some important issues, aiming to focus public attention on the legacy of national and international efforts. Examples are likewise given to show the real situation of health and safety in the least developed countries.