高血压伴左心室肥厚患者ACE2350G/A及Chymase基因多态性与心房颤动的关系

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶基因2350G→A单核苷酸多态性（ACE2350G/A）及胃促胰酶（Chymase）基因多态性在高血压伴左心室肥厚（LVH）人群中心房颤动（房颤）及非房颤患者中的分布,探讨高血压伴LVH患者房颤发生的分子遗传学机制,为房颤的防治提供临床和实验依据.方法 2010年8月至2013年6月泰州市人民医院收治的408例高血压伴LVH住院患者,根据有无房颤分为LVH-房颤组和LVH组,利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及限制性酶切技术进行检测ACE2350G/A及Chymase基因的CMA/B多态性.结果 LVH-房颤组ACE2350基因G、A等位基因的频率明显高于LVH组（x2=5.503,P=0.019）.ACE2350基因多态性与高血压伴LVH患者房颤相关.CMA/B基因在房颤组与LVH组G、A等位基因频率差异无统计学意义（x2=0.933,P=0.334）,CMA/B基因与高血压伴LVH患者房颤发生无显著相关.与正常人相比,各类型LVH患者的CMA/B基因的GG,AA及G、A等位基因频率差异均有统计学意义.结论 ACE2350基因多态性与高血压伴LVH患者房颤发生相关,AA基因型增加房颤的发生风险,A等位基因为房颤发生的危险基因.CMA/B基因与高血压伴LVH患者房颤发生无显著相关.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因和糜酶抑制剂基因多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的相关性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性和Chymase(CMA)基因A/B多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的关系.方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片断长度多态性方法(RFLP)检测了1042例原发性高血压患者ACE基因I/D多态性以及CMA基因A/B多态性;同时超声心动测量左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT).结果①ACE基因II、ID、DD基因型及I、D等位基因频率在原发性高血压合并左室肥厚组(LVH)与无左室肥厚组(NLVH)间的分布差异无统计学意义;②CMA基因AA、AB、BB基因型及A、B等位基因频率在LVH组与NLVH组间的分布差异无统计学意义;③ACE和CMA基因型间年龄、体质指数(BMI)、脉搏、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、LVDd、IVST、LVPWT、LVM以及LVMI差异均无统计学意义;④ACE和CMA基因型与左室肥厚(LVH)不相关;⑤ACE基因中各基因型与CMA基因中各基因型间不存在交互作用.结论 ACE基因I/D多态性及CMA基因A/B多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚不相关.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因和糜酶抑制剂基因多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入／缺失(I／D)多态性和Chyrnase(CMA)基因A／B多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片断长度多态性方法(RFLP)检测了：1042例原发性高血压患者ACE基因I／D多态性以及CMA基因A／B多态性；同时超声心动测量左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)。结果 ①ACE基因II、ID、DD基因型及I、D等位基因频率在原发性高血压合并左室肥厚组(LVH)与无左室肥厚组(NLVH)间的分布差异无统计学意义；②CMA基因AA、AB、BB基因型及A、B等位基因频率在LVH组与NLVH组间的分布差异无统计学意义；③ACE和CMA基因型间年龄、体质指数(BMI)、脉搏、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、LVDd、IVST、LVPWT、LVM以及LVMI差异均无统计学意义；④ACE和CMA基因型与左室肥厚(LVH)不相关；⑤ACE基因中各基因型与CMA基因中各基因型间不存在交互作用。结论 ACE基因I／D多态性及CMA基因A／B多态性与原发性高血压患者左室肥厚不相关。     

血管紧张素转换酶2基因A9570G多态性与高血压合并左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2基因(ACE2)A9570G多态性与高血压合并左心室肥厚的关系。方法选择高血压合并左心室肥厚(LVH)患者172例(LVH组)、高血压未合并LVH患者153例(NLVH组)以及对照组80例,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测入选者ACE2基因A9570G多态性,按性别分别比较不同组别中基因型分布及等位基因频率的差异。结果在女性,3组间等位基因频率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.007),基因型分布差异也有统计学意义(P=0.034),其中LVH组GG基因型及G等位基因频率分别为30.0%和61.0%,高于NLVH组(18.7%和44.8%)及对照组(15.0%和40.0%)。在男性,3组间等位基因/基因型频率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),其中LVH组G基因型/等位基因频率为69.0%,高于NLVH组(47.6%)及对照组(40.0%)。结论 ACE2基因A9570G多态性与高血压患者左心室肥厚相关。     

扩张型心肌病与血管紧张素转换酶基因、chymase基因多态性的研究

目的 :探讨血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性及chymase(CMA)基因B种A/G多态性是否是扩张型心肌病 (DCM )的易感性标志。 方法 :采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和限制性片段长度多态性方法 (RFLP)检测 4 3例DCM患者和 6 3例健康者中ACE基因I/D多态性和CMA/B基因A/G多态性的频率分布 ,同时超声心动图测量左心室内径 (LVDd、LVDs)大小 ,计算射血分数 (EF)值 ,测量心胸比、血压和心率等临床指标。结果 :①ACE基因II、ID、DD基因型及I、D等位基因频率在DCM组与对照组的分布差异无显著性意义。②CMA基因AA、AG、GG基因型及A、G等位基因频率在DCM组与对照组的分布差异无显著性意义。③ACE、CMA基因型间年龄、患病史、NYHA心功能分级、LVDd、LVDs、EF值、心胸比、心率、收缩压、舒张压差异无显著性意义。④ACE、CMA基因型与LVDd、LVDs、EF值不相关。结论 :ACE基因I/D多态性及CMA/B基因A/G多态性与DCM患者心脏大小及收缩功能不相关。     

ADRB1和ACE基因多态性与左心室肥厚的相关性研究

目的 探讨原发性高血压(EH)左心室肥厚(LVH)患者中β₁肾上腺素受体(ADRB1)、血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性的作用。方法 根据《中国高血压防治指南》(2018年修订版)选取EH住院患者80例，对EH患者进行心脏超声检查，分为LVH(LVH+)组33例和非LVH(LVH-)组47例。收集两组患者临床资料，取外周血使用基因芯片技术检测各自的基因多态性位点，比较两组患者性别、年龄、体重指数、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂以及基因型和等位基因频率。结果 两组间性别、年龄、体重指数、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肝功能及血压等比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。LVH+组ADRB1 CC基因型及C等位基因频率高于LVH-组(P<0.05),LVH+组ACE ID基因型频率及D等位基因频率高于LVH-组(P<0.05)。ADRB1与ACE敏感基因型联合分析，联合基因型分布频率在LVH+组与LVH-组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 ADRB1 C/G多态性与LVH发病相关，CC基因型及C等位基因携带可能是LVH发病危险因素；ACE I/D多态性...     

醛固酮合成酶基因多态性与高血压及左室肥厚的关系

目的：本研究旨在观察血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因I／D多态性和醛固酮合成酶（CYP11B2）基因－344C／T多态性与高血压（EH）及左室肥厚（LVH）的相关性。方法：将136例原发性高血压病患者分为LVH组72例,无LVH组64例;应用多聚酶链式反应（PCR）、限制性内切酶方法检测ACE和CYP11B2基因的多态性。结果：（1）无LVH组LVH组ACE基因I／D多态性基因型和等位基因分布差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）,LVH组Ⅱ基因型和Ⅰ等位基因频率显著高于无LVH组。（2）无LVH组与LVH组CYP11B2基因－344C／T多态性基因型和等位基因分布差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）,LVH组CT基因型和C等位基因频率显著高无LVH组。（3）LVH组中的CT＋Ⅱ联合基因型频率高于无LVH组（P＜0．05）。结论：（1）ACE型I／D和CYP11B2基因－344C／T多态性与高血压发生无相关性。（2）ACE基因Ⅱ多态性与LVH相关。(3）CYP11B2基因－344CT基因型与LVH相关。（4）CYP11B2基因－344CT基因型和ACE基因Ⅱ基因型共存对LVH的发病具有协同作用。     

醛固酮合成酶基因-344C/T多态性与高血压左室肥厚相关性研究

目的观察醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)基因-344C/T多态性与高血压左室肥厚(LVH)的相关性。方法按心脏超声特点将314例原发性高血压患者分为左室肥厚[LVH(+)]组157例,无左室肥大[LVH(-)]组157例。使用常规方法提取白细胞DNA,采用多聚酶链式反应(PCR),限制性内切酶方法测定CYP11B2基因多态性。结果CYP11B2基因-344C/T多态性显示在LVH(+)组与LVH(-)组之间各基因型分布及等位基因频率显著不同,其中LVH(+)组TT基因型频率显著高于LVH(-)组(分别为0.66、0.51,P<0.01),而在CT基因型频率LVH(+)组显著低于LVH(-)组(分别为0.27、0.41,P<0.01);T等位基因频率LVH(+)组显著高于LVH(-)组(分别为0.79、0.72,P<0.05)。结论CYP11B2基因-344C/T多态性与高血压LVH密切相关,TT基因型频率和T等位基因频率可能是高血压LVH发生的机制之一。     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与血压盐敏感性及左室肥厚的相关性

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与血压盐敏感性(SS)和左室肥厚(LVH)的相关性。方法选择壮族高血压患者120例,按照患者是否存在SS分为盐敏感组与盐不敏感组各60例,按照患者是否存在LVH分为LVH组81例、无LVH组39例。采用超声心动图测量和计算左室重量指数(LVMI),聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测ACE基因的I/D多态性,比较不同组基因型频率和等位基因频率等。结果盐敏感组与盐不敏感组间基因频数分布差异无统计学意义(P0.05);LVH组与无LVH组间基因频数分布差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论壮族高血压患者ACE基因I/D多态性与血压SS无明确相关性,与LVH存在相关性。     

原发性高血压患者ACE2基因G8790A多态性与心房颤动的相关性研究

目的:探讨中国河南豫北地区原发性高血压人群血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)基因G8790A多态性与心房颤动(Af)的关系。方法:运用病例-对照法,选择953例原发性高血压患者,运用PCR-RFLP对其中475例伴Af(Af组)和478例窦性心律者(非Af组)的ACE2基因G8790A多态性进行基因分型及分析。结果:ACE2基因G8790A等位基因G在男性中的频率:Af组157例(72.0%),非Af组100例(59.5%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在女性中的频率:Af组291例(56.6%),非Af组280例(45.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。携带等位基因G的高血压男、女患者发生Af的危险性均增加(OR:1.82,95%CI:1.15～3.07;OR:1.99,95%CI:1.29～5.01,P<0.05)。基因型AA、AG和GG在Af组女性的频率分别为47例(18.3%)、130例(50.6%)和80例(31.1%),在非Af组分别为98例(31.6%)、136例(43.9%)、76例(24.5%),两组基因型分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与AA基因型相比,携带GG基因型的女性原发性高血压患者发生Af危险性增加(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.390～3.403),男性携带G等位基因和女性携带GG基因型的高血压并发Af患者左心房内径明显增大(P<0.05),女性携带GG基因型者左心室射血分数明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:ACE2基因G8790A多态性与原发性高血压患者Af的发生存在相关性,男女性携带G等位基因和女性携带GG基因型可能使原发性高血压发生Af的危险性增加。     

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene 2350 G/A polymorphism is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy but not essential hypertension.

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (ACE) is one of the most studied candidate genes related to essential hypertension (EH) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). ACE rs4343 synonymous coding polymorphism (2350 G/A) is known among the polymorphisms of this gene to have the most significant effect on plasma ACE concentrations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of this polymorphism with EH and LVH in 440 subjects (246 EH patients and 194 controls) from a Chinese Han population. In this study, 2350 G/A genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion in all study participants, and left ventricular mass was assessed by 2-mode echocardiography in 178 untreated EH patients. There was no significant difference in either genotype distribution (p=0.3659) or allele frequency (p=0.1453) between EH and control groups. In addition, the 2350 G/A polymorphism had no effect on blood pressure in either controls or untreated EH patients. The distribution of genotypes differed significantly when patients with LVH were examined, i.e., 14.71% GG, 54.41% GA, and 30.88% AA patients had this complication, and 36.36% GG, 42.73% GA, and 20.91% AA patients did not (p=0.0070). The LVH patients had a higher A allele frequency (58.09%) than patients without LVH (42.27%) (p=0.0037). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the association between the A allele and LVH was independent of age, blood pressure, and body mass index. The relative risk of LVH in patients bearing the A allele (GA+AA group) compared with that of GG hypertensive patients was 3.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43 to 7.68). These findings suggest an association between LVH and the 2350A allele in hypertensive patients.     

ACE I/D and G2350A Polymorphisms in Pakistani Hypertensive Population of Punjab

Several studies in different populations have shown mixed association of hypertension with ACE I/D and G2350A polymorphisms. To assess the link of these two polymorphisms with hypertension in population of Punjab—most populated province of Pakistan—we carried out this retrospective case control study in a mixed sample of 344 hypertensive and normotensive controls. Genotype of the ACE I/D was determined by nested PCR and G2350A. polymorphism was determined by amplification of a small fragment containing SNP and digesting it with the restriction enzyme. Statistical analysis revealed that I/D polymorphism is not associated with hypertension in the Punjabi population χ² (df = 2) = 5.611, P ≤ 0.10. Overall, D allele frequency was 0.43 and I allele frequency was 0.57. The G2350A polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with hypertension χ² (2df, χ² = 28.4, P ≤ 0.001). The G allele frequency (0.77) in our population was higher than previously reported. A combination of the AA and DD genotype seems to be linked with higher than average blood pressure level both in hypertensive and control groups. Our data suggests that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated with hypertension but the G2350A polymorphism is associated with hypertension in the Punjabi population.     

Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of rheumatic heart disease

Scarring and collagen deposition in the valves and destruction of myocytes may result from the combined effects of a smoldering rheumatic process and a constant trauma to the mitral valve or aortic valve by the turbulent flow in rheumatic heart disease (RHD). It has been suggested that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) may be responsible for the increased valvular fibrosis and calcification in the pathogenesis of RHD. However, the role of ACE genetic variant in RHD has not been studied among the Chinese population in Taiwan. Hence, a case-controlled study was carried out to investigate the possible relationship between the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) and G2350A polymorphisms and RHD. A group of 115 patients with RHD documented by echocardiography and 100 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were studied. ACE gene I/D and G2350A polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. There was a significant difference in the distribution of ACE I/D genotypes (P = 0.02) and allelic frequencies (P = 0.04) between RHD cases and normal controls. An odds ratio for the risk of RHD associated with the ACE I/D II genotype was 2.12 (95% CI, 1.21-3.71). An odds ratio for the risk of RHD associated with the ACE I allele was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.02-2.21). The ACE G2350A polymorphism showed no association with RHD (P = 0.90). Further categorization of RHD patients into mitral valve disease and combined valve disease subgroups revealed no statistical difference in these gene polymorphisms when compared between the two subgroups. This study shows that patients with RHD have a higher frequency of ACE II genotype and I allele, which supports a role for ACE I/D gene polymorphisms in determining the risk of RHD in Taiwan Chinese.     

Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphisms with left ventricular hypertrophy.

The angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) is of much interest as a candidate gene conferring an individual's genetic susceptibility to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH has long been thought to be an end point of essential hypertension (EH), rather than a separate entity, though it is influenced by a unique set of hormonal, vascular and genetic factors. In this study, we attempted to determine whether two representative polymorphisms of the ACE gene, ACE I/D and 2350 G>A, known to be associated with EH and to have a highly significant influence on plasma ACE levels, could implicate ACE as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for LVH. We carried out a retrospective, case-control study of the two ACE polymorphisms amongst 180 nationals (50 LVH patients and 130 controls) from the United Arab Emirates (Emirati)--an ethnic group characterized by an absence of alcohol intake and cigarette smoking--for putative correlations with LVH. Clinical diagnoses of LVH were based on echocardiographic and ECG criteria. ACE I/D and 2350 G>A genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction digestion. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed an association between ACE polymorphisms and LVH. Haplotype analysis further supported this finding. The ACE I/D and ACE 2350 G>A polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium and were independently associated with LVH, suggesting that ACE is likely to be a QTL for LVH. In conclusion, This is the first association study of the ACE 2350 G>A polymorphism with LVH; the results showed that this polymorphism, along with ACE I/D, is associated with LVH.     

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphisms and fibrinolytic activity in patients with essential hypertension and dyslipidemia

Essential arterial hypertension often predisposes patients to prothrombotic state and increased risk of vascular and organ complications. Vital role in regulation of hemostatic processes is played by genetic factors, renin-angiotensin system and disorders of lipid metabolism. Prime genetic factors involved in the process are 4G/5G polymorphism of promoter region coding tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and I/D polymorphism for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene. The aim of work was the evaluation of alterations within fibrinolysis system (estimation of t-PA and PAI-1 levels), fibrinogen concentration (Fb) and ACE activity with regard to co-existent dyslipidemia and features of left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH). Moreover the analysis of influence of 4G/5G PAI and I/D ACE gene polymorphism on intensification of aforementioned alterations among hypertensive patients was performed. Research was carried out in 170 subjects under 40 years old, in two study groups, HT-- hypertensive group--125 patients with previously untreated hypertension without clinical features of ischaemic heart disease and NT--45 normotensive, healthy subjects. HT group has been further divided into four subgroups: DLP (dyslipidemic, n = 51), NLP (normolipidemic n = 74), LVH+ (with features of left ventricle hypertrophy, n = 35), LVH (-) (without features of left ventricle hypertrophy, n = 90). In a whole HT group significantly higher levels of PAI-1, t-PA and Fb were noted in comparison to NT group, considerably more pronounced within DLP rather than NLP subgroups. Moreover, pronounced increase in ACE activity was recorded in DLP and LVH+ subgroups. It has been proved that 4G/4G homozygous subjects of 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphism from HT group tend to present higher levels of PAI-1 and t-PA if contrasted to 4G/4G genotype of NT group, with more distinct effect within DLP subgroup. Carriers of D allele (genotypes I/D, D/D) of I/D ACE gene polymorphism from HT group characterise with significantly higher activity of ACE in contrast to I/I genotype of HT group, with particularly marked effect in DLP and LVH+ subgroups. Basing on above mentioned results it may be concluded that essential hypertension (especially if complicated with dyslipidemia) impairs fibrinolysis, what might be related to renin-angiotensin system activation in lipid metabolism disorders. Deletion alleles of 4G/5G polymorphism (4G allele) and I/D polymorphism (D allele) in patients with hypertension independently modify fibrinolysis towards prothrombotic state with more distinct effect in dyslipidemia. Increased activity of ACE in D allele carriers may predispose to left ventricle hypertrophy.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与高血压左室肥厚的关系

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）基因多态性与高血压左室肥厚的关系。方法对１０４例高血压病患者，采用二维引导下的Ｍ型超声心动图检测有无左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ），同时作２４小时动态血压监测，采血检测ＡＣＥ基因多态性（ＰＣＲ方法）。１１３例正常人作基因频率检测。结果（１）高血压ＬＶＨ（＋）与ＬＶＨ（－）两组动态血压指标除夜间平均ＳＢＰ、平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）差异有显著性外，２４小时及白天平均ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ和夜间平均ＤＢＰ两组间差异均无显著性。（２）ＬＶＨ（＋）组Ｉ基因频率明显高于ＬＶＨ（－）组，ＬＶＨ（＋）组Ｉ基因型明显高于ＬＶＨ（－）组。（３）１１３例正常人基因型频率分布：Ｉ为０．５８，Ｄ为０．４２。结论本研究提示，ＡＣＥ基因多态性与左室肥厚明显相关，Ｉ基因型者似更易发生左室肥厚。ＡＣＥ基因型频率分布东方人与西方人不同。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与原发性高血压左心室肥厚关系的探讨

目的　探讨肾素 血管紧张素系统 (RAS)基因多态性与原发性高血压左心室肥厚 (EH LVH)的相关性以及在EH LVH产生中的多基因协同作用。方法　对 10 9例原发性高血压病 (EH)患者 ,采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)以及聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性方法检测血液白细胞染色体DNA中血管紧张素转换酶 [ACE(I D) ]、血管紧张素原 [AGT(M2 35T) ]和血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体 [AT1 R(A116 6C) ]基因多态性 ;利用超声心动图检测左心室质量 (LVM)并计算左心室质量指数 (LVMI)。结果　ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因频率在EH LVH组中明显增高 (χ2 =4 .6 9,P=0 .0 30 ) ,男性EH患者中 ,ACE(I D)基因型构成比与LVH有关联 (χ2 =9.5 5 ,P =0 .0 0 8)。协同存在AGT TT型时 ,ACE(I D)基因多态性与EH LVH有关 (χ2 =6 .2 2 ,P =0 .0 4 4 ) ,且D等位基因在EH LVH明显增高 (χ2 =6 .91,P =0 .0 0 9) ,该类EH患者发生LVH的相对危险度增高 (OR :2 .5 0 ,95 %CI:1.2 5～ 5 .0 0 )。结论　ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因可能是LVH的独立危险因子。ACE基因多态性与AGT基因多态性之间的协同效应表明 ,同时携带AGT TT型时 ,具有ACE(I D)基因多态性D等位基因的EH患者更易发生LVH。