血液病患者细菌L型培养

目的：研究血液病并发细菌感染患者细菌Ｌ型培养的阳性率，细菌Ｌ型与抗生素应用的关系，菌种分布及药物敏感试验。方法：取病人痰或咽拭子标本进行普通细菌培养及细菌Ｌ型培养，光镜及电镜下观察细菌菌落及细胞壁，返祖培养鉴定细菌Ｌ型菌种。结果：４７例病人普通细菌培养阳性率为２９．７％，细菌Ｌ型培养阳性率为８０．８％。应用抗生素种类越多，细菌Ｌ型阳性率越高。共分离出７２个菌种，Ｇ－杆菌６７．８％，Ｇ＋球菌３０．６％。结论：细菌Ｌ型为细胞壁受损的致病菌，普通培养基不生长，药物敏感性与普通菌不同，Ｌ型培养可指导临床合理应用抗生素。     

L’exilé du corps

The meeting with the patient with a serious and non-curative illness makes us think about the indivisible link between the psyche and the body. The progress of the cancer, the invasive, mutilating treatment and the appropriation of the sick body by the medical profession throw the patient somewhere else that he/she does not know yet. The attacks of the unconscious image of the body send back to this untranslatable notion of S. Freud: Unheimliche. The patient lives as a foreigner in his own body, where he undergoes a travel from a place to another one while staying on the same territory. He is at the boundary or between two states.     

L’épreuve du corps

A philosophical approach to the body sheds light on how certain aspects of modern medicine can contribute to destabilizing our relationship with our body and our bodily relation to the world and to others. We consider this destabilization, as well as some concrete remedial measures, in light of the concept of “buoyancy” [portance]. Buoyancy includes the structuring supports that we can find in other bodies, in an enduring relationship to matter and nature, and in communal action.     

淋巴细胞L845白血病及其L845—89细胞系的细胞动力学研究

小鼠可移植性胸腹水型淋巴细胞白血病及经体外培养传代而建立的细胞系,我们采用了~3H-TdR单次脉冲标记的方法,通过标记有丝分裂的百分率来测定体内外细胞的动力学特性,结果表明两者动力学参数较一致,体外结果Tc12.8小时,Ts5.6时,TG_1 1.678小时,TG_2 4.478小时,Tm1.044小时,Li 21.6％,Mi7.1％,LMi13％,GF49.37％;体内结果Tc10.9小时,Ts4.8小时、TG_1 2.43小时、TG_2 3.45小时,Tm 0.301小时、Li 26.25％、Mi 6.35％、LMi 12％,GF 50.60％。     

L615小鼠白血病脾脏中存在抗肿瘤的L3T4~ T细胞

L615细胞是一株表型为L3T4~ 的体外培养的能表达一定程度肿瘤特异性移植排斥抗原的T淋巴细胞系.但它在移植的同系宿主体内并不能激发有效的抗肿瘤反应.本研究试图阐明L615细胞移植后患鼠体内是否存在着抗肿瘤的T细胞及其特性,L615小鼠预先经照射灭活的L615细胞接种,然后再攻击具有可供选择性杀灭标志的L615细胞(L615HPRT~-).于活瘤细胞攻击后7天左右取脾,制成单细胞悬液,经含低浓度HAT培养液的选择性培养,再给以照射灭活的L615细胞和正常的L615鼠脾细胞致敏.得到体外可长期培养的细胞系.分析其细胞表型并测定细胞毒性,探     

CD40-CD40L与肿瘤

CD40和其配体CD40L(又称CD154)是体内特异性免疫反应系统重要的一对共刺激分子,分别属于TNF受体和TNF超家族成员。CD40／CD40L参与细胞免疫及体液免疫,在炎症反应,自身免疫性疾病,心血管疾病中起重要作用。不仅如此,CD40还表达于多种肿瘤细胞表面,可利用CD40L与其结合用于肿瘤治疗。我们就CD40-CD40L在肿瘤中的应用进行了综述。     

L’imagerie en radiothérapie

The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver a high-dose of radiation to the tumour or target region to improve local control of disease and a low-dose to normal soft tissues to limit side effects. Conformal radiation therapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery have been developed to achieve the desired dose distribution. They require precise imaging of internal anatomy so that it is well adapted to the tumour and organs at risk. Indeed, morphological imaging such as computed tomography is already recommended for radiotherapy planning. But radiation oncologists are also considering other imaging modalities for treatment planning and imaging tools capable of controlling patient motion during treatment. The aim of this article is to present and illustrate the place of imaging during treatment planning and delivery via techniques such as: 4D computed tomography, morphological and functional MRI, positron emission tomography, and imaging devices mounted on accelerators.     

In memoriam–Edward L. Gillette

Recent studies indicate that differences in membrane fluidity may account for differences of thermal sensitivity. This possibility was studied by using lanthanum, a trivalent cation which is known to displace calcium in a number of biological systems, to modify the structural framework of cell membranes and consequently their biological properties.

With Ehrlich ascites cells trypan blue exclusion uptake of ⁸⁶Rb, ⁴²K and ⁴⁵Ca, indicate an increase of plasma cell permeability by La³⁺. The reduction of ⁸⁶Rb and ⁴²K uptake by tumour cells with La³⁺ appears to be independent of temperature. The increase of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ influx in the presence of lanthanum plus hyperthermia seems related to an important loss of cell viability. The enhancement of hyperthermia lethality by concentrations of lanthanum over 0.5 mM after 2 h at 44°C has been demonstrated using HeLa S3 cells using a standard cloning technique. In vivo experiments have been performed on C3H mice bearing rhabdomyosarcoma using ultrasound heating at 44-46°C. The results show a remarkable inhibition of tumour growth and a significant increase of the survival time after only one hyperthermia session of 30 min combined with one intratumoural injection of 1 mM lanthanum chloride.     

不同白血病细胞对同器官侵袭能力的比较观察

Using patho-morphological method and transplantation bio-assay, the in vivo invasiveness of leukemia cells in three transplantable mouse T cell leukemia models was comparatively studied. The results showed that the invasion to the liver was consistent, but that to other organs was obviously different. L615 and L7212 leukemia cells preferred bone marrow and spleen to peritoneum but L7811 leukemia cells were just the opposite. Transplantation bio-assay demonstrated that leukemia cells were present in the bone marrow of L615 mice as early as 6 hours after leukemic cell inoculation, but no leukemia cells were detected in the bone marrow of L7811 mice 2 days after inoculation. In the terminal phase, L615 mice bone marrow became filled with leukemia cells, but L7811 mice bone marrow contained only a few leukemia cells. The difference in invasiveness of leukemia cells into organs is probably related to "homing" receptor. The same type of leukemia cells may possess multiple "homing" receptors.     

Surface localization of virus production on a glucocorticoid-stimulated oncornavirus-producing mouse mammary tumor cell line by scanning electron microscopy.

A chronically infected continuous mouse mammary tumor cell line containing virus particles of type B morphology, free of contaminating type C virions, has been grown in tissue culture. These cells were treated with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, a potent stimulator of mouse mammary tumor virus expression. Surfaces of untreated and dexamethasone-treated cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Untreated cells demonstrated a moderate expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (80 particles/cell) distributed diffusely over the cell surface. However, virions on dexamethasone-treated cells were localized in clusters of 100 to greater than 2000 virus particles, often with more than one cluster per cell. Dexamethasone-treated cells typically showed a 10-fold increase in cell-associated virus over untreated cells. Concentrated extracellular fluids from untreated and dexamethasone-treated cultures were quantitated for free virus. Dexamethasone-treated culture fluids demonstrated a similar 10-fold increase of extracellular particles, in contrast to untreated cultures. This increase in virus particles on the cell surfaces as well as in the extracellular fluids supports the theory that dexamethasone has a stimulatory effect on viral replication, not just on the release of budding particles. The ultrastructure of budding mouse mammary tumor virus during dexamethasone stimulation, determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the significance of such an in vitro system for viral immunodiagnosis are discussed.     

Identification of the virions in the in vitro L1210(V) leukemia cell lines by morphological, virological, and immunological techniques.

In vitro L1210 (V) cell lines contained abundant intracytoplasmic A-particles, numerous C-type particles, a small number of B-type particles, and occasional intracisternal A-particles. The intracytoplasmic A-particles were incorporated into both spiked (B-type) and smooth-surfaced (C-type) particles formed at the budding site.Both B-and C-type particles also developed by gradual accululation of neucleooid material. The particles, particularly the C-type, exhibited a wide range of densities. The cells showed strong surface immunofluoresence for both murine mammary tumor virus and Gross murine leukemia virus antigens and variable degrees of cytoplasmic immunoflurescence for the protein antigens (p1 to p6) of Rauscher leukemia virus. The cells, the culture supernatant, and the purified virus each gave positive reactions with murine mammary tumor virus and murine leukemia virus antisera by immunodiffusion. The viral particles failed to infect C57BL, C57BL/6 X DBA/2F1 (hereafter called BD2F1), BALB/c, Af,and RIIIf mice. Howver, the cells were highly tumorigenic in BD1F-1 mice, moderately tumorigenic in BALB/c mice, but not tumorigenic in C57BL, Af, and RIIIf mice.     

Electron microscopic studies of intracisternal virus particles in Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus-induced bone tumors of New Zealand Black rats.

Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-induced bone tumors of New Zealand Black rats carry two morphologically different types of virus particles, namely, extracellular type C and intracisternal virus particles, which have thus far not been reported. These two types of virus particles have also been observed in the tissue culture cells derived from normal prostate tissues of A/Dm and BALB/c/Dm mice after inoculation of cell-free extracts of these bone tumors. The intracisternal virus particles, 90 to 120 nm in diameter, have always been found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum; they have two inner concentric layers with a relatively electron-lucent center, frequently showing cylindrical, chain-like, or multipolar budding forms. Type C virus particles produced by Soehner-Dmochowski murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)-infected prostate tissue culture cells from A/Dm and BALB/c/Dm mice belong to the murine sarcoma-murine leukemia virus group, as revealed by the fixed immunofluorescence test and by immunoelectron microscopy. The morphological and immunological relationship of intracisternal virus particles and other types of virus particles (such as type C, type H, and intracisternal type A virus particles) and intracisternal virus particles in guinea pig leukemia are defined by routine electron microscopy observations and by immunoelectron microscopy studies.     

Ultrastructural characterization of the retrovirus particles (Sm-MTV) liberated from the mammary tumor cell line (Sm-MT) of a house musk shrew, Suncus murinus (Insectivora)

Detailed ultrastructure of a new type of retrovirus (Sm-MTV) released by cultured cells (Sm-MT) of a spontaneous mammary tumor from a house musk shrew Suncus murinus, Insectivora, is described. The virus particles were revealed as three forms: intracellular; budding; and extracellular. The intracellular type A particles were similar in profile to those associated with mouse mammary tumor cells and tended to form a small cluster of several particles in the cytoplasm. In addition, horseshoe-shaped particles as well as smaller particles in clusters, with doughnut-shaped morphology similar in structure to type A particles, were identified near the clusters of type A particles, although in smaller numbers. The budding particles contained a doughnut-shaped nucleoid, although the nucleoids decreased in size as compared with intracytoplasmic type A particles. The extracellular virions consisted of an envelope and a centrally located nucleoid. In routinely fixed specimens, the former was covered with irregularly distributed fuzzy materials in its surface, and the latter was further composed of a small electron dense core surrounded by an intermediate layer. Tannic acid treatment of cells resulted in the visualization of surface projections on the envelope of virions. Similar projections were also detected exclusively on the plasma membrane where virus budding took place, and not on the normal plasma membrane. The presence of surface projections on the viral envelope was further confirmed by the whole-cell-mounting technique. Together with our previous results of biochemical and immunological investigations, we concluded that Sm-MTV seemed to have closer phylogenetic relatedness with type D viruses of primates than with murine mammary tumor virus.     

Spontaneous appearance of cytopathology and rat C-type virus (WF-1) in a rat embryo cell line

An established line (WF-1) of Wistar/Furth rat embryo cells spontaneously developed cytopathology after about 2 years in vitro. The cellular changes appeared within 5–7 days after subculturing of the cultures and consisted of altered rounded and fusiform cells with dark, prominent nuclei. These changes increased after removal of bovine amniotic fluid from the culture nutrient but were not apparent if the cultures were subcultured at 3–4 day intervals. Most of the altered cells were viable, but they failed to multioly under the conditions employed. Electron microscopical examination of the WF-1 cells revealed numerous extracellular and budding C-type virus particles. The cells, when inoculated into rats, produced progressively growing fibrosarcomas which also contained C-type particles. Initially the WF-1 virus failed to produce visible effects in the REL line of Sprague-Dawley rat embryo cells. Several months later, upon concentration and banding at 1.16 g/cm³ in a sucrose gradient, low-titered infectious virus of about I TCID₅₀ per 10,000 virus particles was recovered. This produced foci of predominantly viable rounded cells in REL cultures similar to those induced by the C-type virus (RMTDV or BV-1) previously isolated from chemically induced rat mammary tumors. Immune BV-1 serum prevented the WF-1 virus from producing these cellular effects. Tests for properties characteristic of murine leukemia viruses (gs-1 antigen, gs-3 interspecies antigen, and the XC reaction) were negative indicating that the WF-1 virus was not a mouse virus. These observations suggested that upon prolonged cultivation in vitro the WF-1 rat embryo cells spontaneously liberated a rat C-type virus related to the BV-1. Whether the cell-altering and partially lethal effects produced by the WF-1 virus were due to some cytopathic C-type particles in a generally non-cytopathic population or reflected the concentration of only one biological type of particles needs further study.     

Oncornavirus-like particles in baboon type C virus-infected chimpanzee lung cells (SFRE:CL-1).

Intracytoplasmic type A particles were observed in a fetal chimpanzee lung culture (SFRE:CL-1) inoculated with type C virus-containing supernatants from a coculture of baboon placenta and SFRE:CL-1 cells. Budding, immature, and mature type C particles were also noted. In thin section, spike-like structures were rarely detected on budding intracytoplasmic type A particles but were occasionally observed on some immature and mature virus particles. Unlike mouse mammary tumor virus or Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, infected SFRE:CL-1 cells contained no eccentric or rodshaped nucleoids.     

六种小鼠肿瘤及白血病细胞株的细胞动力学研究

本文对L7811-85,L7212-85,L1210-86,P388-86 4个淋巴细胞白血病及S180-86和肝Ca-86肿瘤细胞株分别测定了细胞生长曲线、克隆形成效率和细胞DNA含量分布等参数。对其中L7811-85细胞株进行了较系统的细胞动力学研究,并应用~3H-TdR自杀试验微培养测定其克隆形成细胞的增殖时和合成时。结果表明:这6种细胞株均可在体外无刺激因子作用下良好生长。并可见随细胞传代数增加,细胞增殖加速,克隆形成率提高。用~3H-TdR自杀试验测出的克隆形成细胞增殖时与群体细胞倍增时相比,可反映其潜在倍增时。     

Virus-like particles in geometric tubuloreticular structures.

Tubuloreticular structures of the geometric type were observed in dog osteosarcoma cells (D17a) before and after cocultivation with human placenta cells and before and after passage of the cocultivated cells through NIH nude mice. After passage through NIH nude mice, the reestablished cultures regularly produced conventional murine type-C particles and displayed budding virus-like particles (VLP) within the tubuloreticular structures. VLP, tentatively considered an aberrant form of type-C particles, were presumably of murine origin since they were not observed in the osteosarcoma cells before passage through NIH nude mice.