破解《水浒传》的人体之谜

著名科普作家隋国庆经多年研究．搜集整理资料后．认为四大名著也是具有一定科学含量的作品。我们就从《水辫传》为例．从中选出了3个经典情节．剖析其中的人体科学内容．以飨读者。[编者按]     

细品“红楼”话饮茶

古典文学名著《红楼梦》博大精深,集各种文化之大成,其中涉及茶文化的章节颇多。全书不时提到饮茶,有时浓墨重彩,对情节发展、人物塑造起到重要作用;有时一笔带过,却画龙点睛,为文章增色添彩。同时,也告诉读者不少有关茶的保健知识。     

凯鲁亚克笔下的女性形象解读

美国作家杰克·凯鲁亚克(Jack Kerouac,1922—1967)与埃伦·金斯堡、威廉·巴勒斯等人是"垮掉的一代"(Beat Generation)的代表人物。他们所兴起的垮掉派运动轰动一时,成为美国历史上一个颇为著名的时代现象。"垮掉的一代"文学和爵士乐一样,是美国土生土长的文化现象,共同的时代背景使它们在精神上彼此相通。在凯鲁亚克不算长的一生中,他共计创作了18部小说和游记,如《在路上》(On the Road,1957)、《达摩流浪者》(The Dharma Bums,     

LEGU别把男人当肋骨

别把男人当肋骨，话似乎不是这样说的。《圣经》里耶和华制造了男人，然后用男人的肋骨制造了女人，女人才是男人的肋骨。     

运用角色扮演提高《中医筋伤学》教学质量

《中医筋伤学》是学生在进入专业分化后所学习的一门课程。它是在《中医伤科学》的基础上,对《中医伤科学》中的"筋伤"的内容加以系统的详述。所以中医筋伤学中的部分内容跟中医伤科学中的部分内容有所重复。大部分内容,学生都似曾     

1000亿的源泉2013～2014年度中国药店价值榜解析

“困难比预料的多,结果比预想的好。”借用国务院总理李克强今年“两会”上所做《政府工作报告》中的这句话,来描述“2013～2014年度中国药店价值榜”所反映出的药品零售业年度特征,可以说是最恰当不过了。     

2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》编制大纲

2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)编制大纲是以十七大精神为指导,根据《国家食品药品安全"十一五"规划》提出的奋斗目标和任务,按照《中华人民共和国药品管理法》和相关的法规进行制定。主要阐明2010年版《中国药典》编制的指导思想、基本原则、发展目标和主要任务,是2010年版《中国药典》及相关工作的重要依据。     

催眠大揭秘

在一部名为《双雄》的影片里有这样一个情节，小偷对某个人说几句话，结果他受催眠变成大盗。类似这种被神化的演绎。总让人对催眠术产生又好奇又害怕的心理。那么，真实的催眠术又是怎么回事呢？     

禁食与诱惑

《圣经》有这么一则关于禁食的故事：耶稣由圣神引领到荒野,守斋并接受魔鬼的试探。在荒野禁食40天后。耶稣饥饿难耐,魔鬼见有机可乘,便诱惑他利用天主之子的能力。变石为饼充饥：“你若是天主之子．就命这块石头变成饼吧!”耶稣清楚地知道,天父是不会同意他用天主之子的能力来解决自己的需求的。于是。他用天主圣言来抵制诱惑：“人生活不只靠饼。”     

“FDA华人系列”专栏和马太效应

马太效应（Matthew Effect），相信大家都不陌生。这个名字来自于《圣经》中马太福音的一则寓言。1968年，美国科学史研究者Robert K．Merton定义了在科学界的马太效应这个术语。后来扩展到社会更广范围的通俗说法就是优势的积累导致强者越强，弱者越弱。在《中国处方药》杂志（JCPD）的本期推出“FDA华人系列”这一专栏时，我又联想到了这个词。     

The effect of tetrabutylammonium ion on chicken brain acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro.

The effect of tetrabutylammonium ion on chicken brain acetylcholinesterase activity was investigated. Tetrabutylammonium ion (1-4mM) reversibly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity of chicken brain (34-73%) in a concentration dependent manner, the IC50 being about 1.1mM. A Lineweaver-Burk plot, as well as a Dixon plot, indicated that the nature of inhibition is noncompetitive with a Km value of 0.134mM and a Ki value of 1.58mM at 37 degrees C. An Arrhenius plot showed that the transition temperature is significantly reduced in the presence of tetrabutylammonium ion.     

山药与广东山药鉴别

目的：建立山药与广东山药的鉴别方法。方法：对山药与广东山药性状及显微特征进行鉴别。结果：两种药材性状及显微特征有较明显差异。结论：该方法简便、可靠，为有效地区别两种药材提供了科学依据。     

“小儿三伏灸”初探

"三伏灸"基于《内经》中"春夏养阳"的原则,主要用于预防和治疗以冬季好发的虚寒性疾病。针对小儿科临床实际需要,确定了"温补脾肺,寒热并用"的治疗原则,并遵从了治疗规程,结合治疗用药和治疗方式方面的改进,在保证疗效的基础上最大程度减轻了治疗过程中小儿的不适感,深受广大患儿的欢迎。     

Stereoselectivity in N-dealkylation of disopyramide enantiomers in mouse hepatic microsomes]

The oxidative metabolism of disopyramide (DIS) enantiomers to mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide in mouse hepatic microsomes was studied in vitro. When (R-)-DIS was used as a substrate Lineweaver-Bulk plot was a single line with the apparent Km value of 0.23 mM and Vmax value of 1.05 nmol/mg protein/min. When S(+)-DIS was used as a substrate the plot was biphasic, and two apparent Km values (Km1 = 0.04 and Km2 = 0.77, mM) and two Vmax values (Vmax1 = 0.58 and Vmax2 = 1.53, nmol/mg protein/min) were obtained. When racemic DIS was used as a substrate the plot was also biphasic, while the plot observed at the lower concentration region was shifted to the upper region in comparison with that estimated from the sum of the individual N-dealkylase activities of each enantiomer. These results suggest that the N-dealkylation of R(-)-DIS is carried out by very limited cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s), but that of S(+)-DIS is carried out by multiple cytochrome P-450 isozymes; that is, N-dealkylations of R(-)- and S(+)-DIS are involved in the different cytochrome P-450 isozymes each other, particularly at relatively higher concentration of the substrates.     

小肽对Hoechst33258与DNA特异部位结合的竞争性作用

为了了解小肽如何识别ＤＮＡ特异的结合位点，我们研究了两个小肽ＹＲ和ＧＧＨ对ＤＮＡ与Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３２５８特异结合的竞争性抑制作用。对Ｌｉｎｅｗｅａｖｅｒ－Ｂｕｒｋ图的分析显示当Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ３３２５８的浓度在３．６６（１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（１．０９（１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内，这种作用是典型的竞争性抑制作用，ＹＲ结合在ＤＮＡ小沟区（ＡＴ富集区），结合常数为１．０２（１０８（ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－１，而ＧＧＨ的ＡＴ富集区结合特异性在浓度高时明显减弱，因为它也能与ＧＣ碱基结合     

减变量图残差图在回归诊断中的应用

在评价一个正态线性棋型的准确性时,偏残差图、增加变量图和构造变量图是三个有用的过程。本文在变量选择问题的基础上,提出了一种新的图示棋型——减变量图残差图。通过减变量残差图,不但可以容易地考察一个变量在模型中的作用,而且可以诊断样本点对模型和变量的影响大小。     

Pharmacological characterization of the β-adrenoceptor that mediates the relaxant response to noradrenaline in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle

Pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenoceptors (beta-ARs) mediating noradrenaline-induced relaxation were investigated in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. The inhibitory effects of several types of beta-AR antagonists on noradrenaline-induced relaxation against histamine contraction were scrutinized with Schild plot analysis. The concentration-response curve for noradrenaline obtained in the absence of phentolamine and uptake inhibitors was competitively antagonized by all of the beta-AR antagonists used in this study (propranolol, bupranolol, atenolol, butoxamine and ICI-118,551). However, their pA2 values were markedly less than the expected values for beta1-AR and beta2-AR. On the other hand, pA2 values of ICI-118,551 (6.85) determined in the presence of phentolamine suggested a contribution of a beta1 -AR rather than beta2 -AR. In the presence of phentolamine and uptake inhibitors (desipramine and deoxycorticosterone), the Schild plot for atenolol was a better fit, with two distinct straight lines. The pA2 values of atenolol provided by the regression were: approximately 7.0, which corresponds to the expected beta1-AR value, and approximately 6.5, which was 3 times less than the expected value for beta1 -AR, and thus the possible presence of two classes of beta1 -AR (beta1(Low) and beta1(High)) was suggested. This view was also supported by Schild plot analysis for propranolol, which fit two straight lines each with a slope of 1.0. The present findings indicate that beta1 -ARs contributing to noradrenaline-elicited relaxation in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle exhibit diverse pharmacological characteristics and may be subdivided into at least two classes with distinct affinities for atenolol. Under physiological conditions, beta1(Low) rather than beta1(High) seems to play a more significant role in noradrenaline-regulated airway smooth muscle tone.     

高龄胃底贲门癌患者术后并发症的临床特点

目的 分析高龄胃底贲门癌患者术后并发症发生的临床特点,寻找减少该病并发症发生的因素.方法 对2002年1月至2006年12月收治的高龄胃底贲门癌患者86例手术的临床特点和并发症处理进行回顾性分析.结果 86例患者中患有高血压、心脏病、肺部疾患、糖尿病等老年人常见病66例(76.74%).66例术后发生并发症者36例,发生率54.55%;术前无合并病20例术后发生并发症4例,发生率为20.00%;2组术后并发症比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对高龄胃底贲门癌手术患者加强围手术期处理,可减少手术风险性和减少并发症的发生.     

COMPASS PLOTS: A COMBINATION OF STAR PLOT AND ANALYSIS OF MEANS TO VISUALIZE SIGNIFICANT INTERACTIONS IN COMPLEX TOXICOLOGY STUDIES

The Compass Plot, a new graphical methodthat combines the advantages of the star plot andthe analysis of means (ANOM), has beenintroducedfordisplaying the results of experiments. Incontrast to the star plot, this plot allows statistical inferences to be made for treatment and for factor effects. In contrast to ANOM, this plot is good for comparison in multiresponse experiments, a scenario becoming more commonplace in toxicology with the advent of increasing numbers of chemical mixture studies. An example of a 2 3 factorial chemical exposure experiment is considered here.     

儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘126例临床分析

目的：探讨儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的临床特点及诊断要点。方法：对126例CVA患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：126例确诊为CVA后,按支气管哮喘的治疗原则规范治疗,于1～8周后症状消失,咳嗽停止。结论：CVA临床表现不典型,对可疑儿童慢性咳嗽病例,应详细了解病史及准确掌握诊断标准,以减少误诊或诊断过度。