高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的病因与特征

目的 了解高原汽车驾驶员高发腰痛的原因，并对疼痛的性质和特征进行分析。方法 通过对1132名高原汽车驾驶员的问卷调查和91名驾驶员的体格检查，分析各种造成腰痛的原因和相关因素。结果 高原缺氧反应可导致驾驶员发生腰痛，并具有一定的相关性；职业行为和不良工作体位与腰痛有关；腰痛性质以酸痛为主；半数以上驾驶员腰背部有压痛点，而与腰痛肌有关的压痛点占45．61％。结论 高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的病因较为复杂，但他们的腰痛与职业有关。     

汽车驾驶员腰椎保护带的研制和防治腰痛的初步效果观察

目的　自行设计汽车驾驶员专用腰椎保护带 (腰带 ) ,并初步观察其对驾驶员腰痛的防护疗效。方法　对 434名男性高原汽车驾驶员 (平均年龄 2 5 7岁 ) ,在佩带腰带和不佩带腰带长途驾驶后腰痛状况进行问卷式调查。自身对照后行统计学处理。结果　统计结果表明 ,佩带腰带后腰痛程度明显减轻 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　驾驶员专用腰椎保护带从改变脊柱的生物力学特性和振动特性两方面起到了缓解腰痛的作用 ,但对驾驶员腰椎疾患的防护作用尚须长期观察     

应用肌电中值频率对高原汽车驾驶员腰背肌疲劳的监测研究

目的　研究高原汽车驾驶员腰痛高发的原因 ,为腰痛防护措施的制定提供客观依据。方法　在野外工作现场对 2 6名驾驶员连续数日作业过程中腰部肌肉疲劳的发展过程与肌电功率谱中值频率的衰减进行了研究。结果　第 1～ 5个工作日后驾驶员腰部肌肉肌电中值频率的衰减率(% /s)分别为 :- 0 .2 58± 0 .0 87、- 0 .2 4 8± 0 .0 70 ,- 0 .2 56± 0 .0 97、- 0 .2 67± 0 .0 93、- 0 .2 74± 0 .0 81 ,与基础值 (- 0 .1 75± 0 .1 1 4 )比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,且中值频率的衰减随工作时间的延长而增大 (r=- 0 .80 9,P <0 .0 5)。结论　高原汽车驾驶员腰痛高发是由于连续长途驾驶造成腰背肌疲劳累积 ,又得不到及时恢复 ,腰背肌耐力下降 ,易疲劳性增加 ,致使腰背肌功能紊乱     

劳动卫生

花岗石板材加工业工人职业健康现状调查，玻璃制品业高温作业对工人生理功能的影响，汞作业者肾脏损害早期指标研究，飞行员吸烟量对血脂异常的影响，高原汽车部队驾驶员腰椎的保护和腰痛的防治.     

高原某部汽车驾驶员慢性前列腺炎情况调查

慢性前列腺炎是一种常见疾病.据报道,男性人群中慢性前列腺炎者占10％.为了解高原部队汽车驾驶员慢性前列腺炎的患病情况,我们对高原某部汽车驾驶员进行了慢性前列腺炎情况调查.现将调查结果报告如下.     

济南市部分汽车驾驶员腰腿痛情况调查

[目的]了解济南市汽车驾驶员腰腿痛发病情况及其原因,为改善其健康状况提供理论依据。[方法]对732名济南市汽车驾驶员进行腰腿痛问卷调查,结合查体及辅助检查结果进行分析。[结果]驾龄与患病率之间存在较强的正相关,男性驾驶员的发病率比女性高,轿车驾驶员发病率明显高于其他车型。[结论]济南市汽车驾驶员,特别是轿车驾驶员腰腿痛患病率较高,应采取积极的防治措施。     

模拟汽车驾驶所致腰部肌肉疲劳的肌电图功率谱分析

目的：对汽车驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳的肌电图进行分析，评估汽车驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳状况，以预防驾驶员腰背部疾病。方法：实验对象36名，分别在1．8、4．0、6．0Hz 3种竖直振动频率下模拟驾驶90min。同时，实时记录驾驶员模拟驾驶时腰部肌肉肌电图变化趋势。结果：驾驶员在3种振动频率下模拟驾驶时，腰部肌肉肌电图功率谱中值频率均呈指数下降趋势；其中4．0Hz振动频率下肌电图功率谱中值频率下降趋势最明显。结论：模拟驾驶条件下，4.0Hz振动频率对驾驶员腰部肌肉疲劳的影响最大。     

腰椎保护带对模拟驾驶人员腰部疲劳的预防作用

目的观察模拟驾驶前后驾驶员腰部疲劳情况,研究腰带对驾驶员腰部疲劳的预防作用.方法通过表面肌电图(surface electromyogram,SEMG)检测、问卷调查及体格检查观察12例受试对象在无腰带模拟驾驶前后以及佩戴腰带驾驶前后驾驶员相关指标的变化情况.结果受试对象不佩戴腰带驾驶前、后及佩戴腰带驾驶前、后表面肌电中值频谱(median frequency,MF)分别为(47.35±6.07)、(39.26±5.79)、(47.21±6.02)、(43.44±6.26)Hz,平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)分别为(69.86±7.08)、(59.12±7.19)、(69.86±7.08)、(63.88±7.49)Hz,无腰带驾驶前与佩戴腰带驾驶前比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);无腰带驾驶前与无腰带驾驶后比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);佩戴腰带驾驶前与佩戴腰带驾驶后比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);无腰带驾驶后与佩戴腰带驾驶后比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).受试对象不佩戴腰带驾驶前、后及佩戴腰带驾驶前、后闪烁融合频率[(35.64±2.82)、(42.31±4.68)、(35.96±3.05)、(39.79±3.36)Hz]和明视持久度(65.77%±3.94%、56.83%±5.60%、65.88%±3.92%、62.27%±2.91%)等指标也有一定程度的变化.结论模拟驾驶一定时间后可以引起腰部肌肉的疲劳,腰带对模拟驾驶造成的腰部疲劳有一定的预防作用.     

大连市2000年交通事故流行病学分析

目的 探讨大连市交通事故意外伤害的高危人群、高危车种和高发时间，以揭示大连市车祸发生的主要影响因素。方法 用描述性研究对大连市2000年交通事故发生情况进行统计分析。结果 全年共发生交通事故4368例，死亡率为11．80／10万，伤残率为17．16／10万；高发年龄是21－50岁的青壮年，男性车祸死亡率是女性的3．23倍；汽车是造成交通事故的高危车种；驾驶员自身因素为肇事的主要原因。结论 预防和控制车祸的主要措施是进一步加强群众性交通安全教育，提高的安全行车意识和完善道路交通设施，改善道路交通条件，确保良好的交通环境。     

高原汽车兵心理健康调查

为了解军队高原汽车兵心理健康状况，本文采用症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）为工具，选取我区某汽车部队驾驶员１００名进行了测试。对结果进行了统计分析并与军人及中国成人常模进行了比较。结果表明：高原汽车兵总分、总均分、阳性项目数、和各因子分均高于中国成人常模。阳性项目、躯体化因子、偏执因子、忧郁因子、敌对因子、焦虑因子精神病性因子高于军人常模。各因子≥３分在１．０８－１８．２８％之间，影响高原汽车兵心理健康的主要症状因子是：躯体化、其它、偏执     

Self-reported back pain in tractor drivers exposed to whole-body vibration

Summary A postal questionnaire on symptoms of ill health and exposure to whole-body vibration was completed by 577 workers (response rate 79%) who were employed in certain functions by two companies 11 years before. The relation between the occupational history of driving vibrating vehicles (mainly agricultural tractors) and back pain has been analyzed. The prevalence of reported back pain is approximately 10% higher in the tractor drivers than in workers not exposed to vibration. The increase is mainly due to more pain in the lower back and more pain lasting at least several days. A vibration dose was calculated by assigning each vehicle driven a vibration magnitude, estimated on the base of vibration measurements. The prevalence of back pain increases with the vibration dose. The highest prevalence odds ratios are found for the more severe types of back pain. These prevalence odds ratios do not increase with the vibration dose. This might be due to health-related selection which is more pronounced for severe back pain than for back pain in general. The two components of the vibration dose, duration of exposure and estimated mean vibration magnitude, have also been considered separately. Back pain increases with duration of exposure but it does not increase with the estimated mean magnitude of vibration. This is probably due to the inaccuracy of this estimate. The higher prevalence of back pain in tractor drivers might be (partly) caused by whole-body vibration, but prolonged sitting and posture might also be of influence.     

Upper body quadrant pain in bus drivers

The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of upper body quadrant pain among Israeli professional urban bus drivers and to evaluate the association between individual, ergonomic, and psychosocial risk factors and occurrence of neck pain. Three hundred and eighty-four male urban bus drivers were consecutively enrolled in the study. Data pertaining to work-related ergonomic and psychosocial stress factors were collected. The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was 21.2%, followed by shoulder: 14.7%, upper back: 8.3%, elbow: 3.0%, and wrist: 3.0% pain. Prevalence of neck pain was associated with uncomfortable seats (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval; CI]: 2.2 [1.2-4.3], back support (2.3 [1.2-4.2]), and steering wheel (2.2 [1.1-4.5]). Drivers with neck pain reported significantly higher prevalence of pain in the upper back (OR [95% CI]: 5.9 [2.7-12.9]), shoulders (8.1 [4.3-15.3]), and wrists (7.0 [2.0-21.8]) compared to drivers without neck pain. Work-related organizational stress factors were not associated with neck pain prevalence.     

The Association between risk factors and low back pain among commercial vehicle drivers in peninsular Malaysia: a preliminary result

To determine the risk factors associated with complain of low back pain. A cross sectional study was done from June 2004 until August 2005. Seven hundred and sixty commercial vehicle drivers from 11 bus companies in central, northern and eastern regions in Malaysia participated in this study. Modified Nordic questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of low back pain; Maestro human vibration meter was used to measure the personal R.M.S values of lateral, anterior-posterior and vertical axes. Modified Owas was used to assess the awkward posture of the driver torso namely, bending forward movement, leaning, sitting straight and twisting. Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to evaluate the mood states of bus drivers with complain of low back pain. A high prevalence of low back pain (60.4%) among Malaysian commercial vehicle drivers was found. Logistic regression analysis controlling for age, income, education level and non occupational activities revealed that the following factors were related to low back pain: Tension-anxiety [1.080, 95% CI 1.041-1.121], depression dejection [1.047, 95% CI 1.023-1.072], anger-hostility [1.053, 95% CI 1.027-1.081], fatigue [1.132, 95% CI 1.089-1.177] and confusion [1.114, 95% CI 1.061-1.169] of POMS, length of employment [1.001, 95% CI 1.0-1.003], steering wheel adjustment [1.521, 95% CI 1.101-2.101], perception of exposing to vibration [1.943, 95% CI 1.389-2.719]. In conclusion, combinations of risks lead to high increase of low back pain complain among Malaysian bus drivers.     

大客车女驾驶员下背痛工效学研究

为探究驾驶室空间设置与下背痛患病的关系。研究了合肥公交公司１３３名女驾驶员和４４７名女售票员下背痛患病情况。结果驾驶员下背痛患病率（６６．１７％）显著高于售票员（１２．０８％），驾驶组内低身材的患病率（８５．７１％）比高身材为高（４８．５７％）。对驾驶员体格和驾驶室空间测量结果表明，驾驶室空间尤其是座椅设置与人的体格不协调是驾驶员下背痛高发的重要因素之一。     

Effect of nursing assistance tools on preventing musculoskeletal pain among staff in schools for disabled children

Objective is to clarify whether nursing assistance tools (a mat with attached handles, a pair of trousers with knee pads and a waist holding belt) prevent musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain and upper arm pain, and depression, and improve the burden on the lower back and upper arm among staff in schools for disabled children. This study design was a non-randomized intervention trial. The subjects were 41 staff in two schools for disabled children in Japan. Nursing assistance tools were used with the intervention group to help with their nursing activities. We investigated the one-month prevalence of low back pain and the degree of burden on the lower back using a questionnaire at the baseline and at the end point 4 to 6 months later. The prevalence of low back pain did not change significantly in either group. In the intervention group, the prevalence of upper arm pain decreased from 47.6% at the baseline to 23.8% at the end point (p=0.063). The percentage of participants with a high level of burden on the lower back from excretory nursing activity decreased from 57.1% at the baseline to 33.3% at the end point (p=0.063) in the intervention group. These results suggest that nursing assistance tools may prevent upper arm pain and improve the burden on the lower back among staff in schools for disabled children; however, these tools did not significantly prevent low back pain and depression.     

Epidemiological study of low back pain and occupational risk factors among taxi drivers

A survey of taxi drivers was conducted to determine the actual situation of drivers' low back pain (LBP). The survey was carried out in October 2002, the target drivers were asked to complete a questionnaire which contains questions regarding physique of drivers, demographic features, working conditions, office environment, health conditions, the presence of low back pain, the level of low back pain based on Visual Analogue Scale and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score. As a result, the total number of valid responses was 1,334 and the response rate was 71 percent, and the 1-wk prevalence of LBP was 20.5 percent of respondents. Regarding 275 subjects with LBP, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) averaged 4.3. There was a positive weak correlation between VAS and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score (R=0.41). And Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LBP and occupational factors, the results suggested following items as risk factors; such as history of LBP, suffering from fatigue, diseases other than LBP and smoking habit.     

老年骨质疏松症疼痛86例中药配合推拿治疗的效果观察

目的：探讨老年性骨质疏松症疼痛患者行中药配合推拿治疗的临床疗效。方法：选取本院2011年7月-2013年7月期间收治的86例老年性骨质疏松症疼痛患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各43例,对照组采用传统中药内服外敷的方法进行治疗,观察组在对照组基础上辅助推拿进行治疗,观察比较两组的临床治疗效果和腰背疼痛改善情况。结果：经过治疗后,观察组疼痛评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,且观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：通过中药配合推拿治疗老年性骨质疏松症疼痛的疗效显著,能有效缓解患者的疼痛状态,值得临床推广应用。