上海市5365例阴道分娩产后出血计量研究

目的研究阴道分娩产后24h内出血总量.方法在上海6所医院,用血盘收集和纱布称重法分阶段精确测量会阴切开、第3产程、产后、产后2h、产后4h、产后24h内失血总量.结果5365例阴道分娩的产妇产后24h平均出血总量为(394.70±185.95)ml.六所医院产后24h平均出血量在(261.43±75.91)ml～(554.24±273.10)ml,产后出血量与第3产程长短、总产程长短、新生儿体重和产钳产有关,并可能与子宫收缩剂用量不同等因素有关.产后出血超过800ml者主要与子宫收缩乏力有关.结论产后24h平均出血总量约为400ml,建议将产后出血的界线改为≥600ml.     

米索前列醇联合催产素预防剖宫产术后出血临床效果观察

目的对米索前列醇配合催产素用于预防剖宫产术后出血的效果进行比较.方法 168例剖宫产患者随机分为3组,A组：胎儿娩出后宫体肌注催产素20U,并静滴林格氏液500 ml＋催产素20U.B组胎儿娩出后宫体肌注催产素20U,术毕清理阴道血后直肠置米索前列醇600 μg.C组胎儿娩出后宫体肌注催产素20U,并静滴林格氏液500 ml＋催产素20U,术毕清理阴道血后直肠置米索前列醇600 μg.观察各组术中和术后2 h、术后2～24 h出血量,手术前后血红蛋白及血压的变化.结果三组术中失血量A、C组明显少于B组,且术中失血量〉500 ml者均发生在B组.术后2 h及2～24 h失血量,使用米索前列醇的B、C组明显少于A组,差异有显著性.结论米索前列醇与催产素联合使用可明显加强子宫收缩,减少剖宫产术后出血量.     

624例剖宫产术后出血及相关因素分析

目的研究剖宫产术后24h阴道出血情况,提高剖宫产术后医疗护理质量。方法对624例剖宫产病例进行前瞻性研究,剖宫产手术结束后立即开始收集阴道血至产后24h,称重法测量出血量。手术前及手术后1-2d测血常规,出血多病例随时进行相关检查及处理。结果术中出血量平均（265.14±160.42）ml,手术结束后至24h出血量（152.51±160.42）ml,24h总出血量（416.98±208.76）ml。以剖宫产术中出血≥400ml为产后出血诊断标准,产后出血率为6.89%;以产后24h出血量≥500ml为标准,产后出血率达14.90%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。剖宫产术后至24h有76.76%患者出血量≥100ml。子宫乏力为产后出血的首要原因。结论加强剖宫产术后病人管理,及时发现并减少产后出血发生。     

改良新式剖宫产术82例临床分析

目的 :探讨改良新式剖宫产术的临床价值。方法 :改良新式剖宫产 82例 ,与下腹横切口子宫下段剖宫产 6 5例的手术开始至胎儿娩出时间、手术时间、术中出血、术后排气时间、切口愈合进行比较。结果 :两组在手术开始至胎儿娩出 (分别为6 .5± 1.5min和 11± 3min)、手术时间 (30± 10min和 6 0± 2 0min)、术中出血 (140± 6 0ml和 2 2 5± 75ml)、术后排气时间(2 5± 9h和 38± 10h)差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;而切口愈合差异无显著性 (P =1.0 0 0 0 )。结论 :改良新式剖宫产术损伤小 ,出血少 ,术后恢复快 ,而且比新式剖宫产更简单 ,易于掌握。     

益母草注射液缩宫止血临床疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量益母草注射液对剖宫产缩宫止血效果的比较。方法245例行剖宫产分娩者按入院先后,根据不同治疗方案,分两组治疗,记录术中至术后72h各时点阴道出血量。结果至术后24h总出血量,1ml组为(397.71±159.10)ml,2ml组为(393.51±173.45)ml,两组失血量均低于全国及上海资料;手术24h后至72h各时段出血量,及术中因宫缩乏力追加益母草注射液者2ml组明显<1ml组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种剂量益母草注射液均可促进子宫收缩,明显减少产后出血,且2ml组对减少产后出血优于1ml组。     

产后出血55例临床分析

胎儿娩出后24h内出血量超过500ml者称产后出血。产后出血是产科最常见而严重的并发症，是我国孕产妇死亡的主要原因。按流血量又可分为三类：（1）轻度产后出血：失血量占体内血液总量的15％～20％，失血500—600ml；（2）中度产后出血：失血量占体内血液总量的20％-30％，失血600—900ml；（3）重度产后出血：失血量超过总血量的30％。     

米索前列醇直肠给药预防剖宫产术后出血的临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇直肠给药用于预防剖宫产术后出血的效果。方法:选择50例有发生产后出血高危因素的剖宫产者,随机分为试验组(米索前列醇组)和对照组各25例。试验组手术结束后即给予米索前列醇400μg,对照组无特殊处理。观察两组术中、术后2、24 h出血量的差异。结果:术中出血量两组差异无统计学意义,而术后2 h平均出血量试验组(126±51.9)ml,对照组为(182±53.6)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h平均出血量试验组(382±60.2)ml,对照组为(432±62.8)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:米索前列醇直肠给药促进子宫收缩作用明显,能很好的预防剖宫产术后出血,且用药安全、有效。     

剖宫产术中处理子宫肌瘤53例分析

目的:分析剖宫产过程中肌瘤手术的可行性及意义。方法:对我院8年来剖宫产术中处理子宫肌瘤53例患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果:手术失血量为(180±30)ml,手术时间为(49±7)min,术中、术后无严重并发症发生,无1例因出血过多而需行子宫切除者,术后近期复查子宫肌瘤未见明显复发。结论:病例合适﹑条件许可的情况下,剖宫产同时可行肌瘤剥除术,可减少近期再次手术。     

PFNA治疗粗隆间骨折隐性失血量的回顾性研究

目的:对PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折围手术期隐性失血进行量化研究。方法：回顾性研究我院自2013-1-1至2014-12-31符合纳入标准和排除标准的19例患者的病例资料,采用OSTHEO公式计算隐性失血量。结果：19例研究对象中,术中出血量平均110.53±84.42ml；出血总量平均896.78±309.99ml；隐性失血量平均769.41±284.80ml。结论：PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,患者围手术期隐性失血量达到769.41±284.80ml,占失血总量的85.80%,应引起高度重视并及时纠正贫血,减少并发症。     

新式剖宫产术与子宫下段及腹膜外剖宫产术临床对比观察

比较 1 2 5例新式剖宫产 (观察组 )与同期 50例子宫下段剖宫产 (对照 1组 )及30例腹膜外剖宫产 (对照 2组 )术中术后情况。结果 :观察组胎儿娩出的平均时间为 5.4± 1 .1 min,对照 1组 7.8± 2 .3min,对照 2组为 1 6.3± 5.2 min,P<0 .0 1 ;观察组术中出血量平均1 63± 72 ml,对照 1组 2 0 5± 83ml,对照 2组 1 99± 78ml,P<0 .0 5;观察组术后排气时间 2 1 .5± 6.2 h,对照 1组 36.9± 8.7h,P<0 .0 5;观察组术后留置导尿时间 2 0 .5± 5.1 h,对照 2组42 .5± 8.6h,P<0 .0 5;观察组术后无血尿发生 ,对照 2组有 5例。结论 :新式剖宫产手术时间及手术至胎儿娩出时间短 ,出血少 ,损伤小 ,恢复快     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.