低分子右旋糖酐联合丹参治疗妊娠期高黏血症疗效观察

目的:探讨低分子右旋糖酐联合丹参治疗妊娠期高黏血症的疗效.方法:予治疗组58例孕30～38周高黏血症患者用低分子右旋糖酐联合丹参治疗,对照组43例孕28～39周高黏血症患者给予单纯低分子右旋糖酐治疗,治疗前后均进行血黏度检测观察全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、全血还原低切黏度、全血还原高切黏度的变化.结果:治疗组总有效率98.28%,对照组总有效率79.07%,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),治疗后治疗组血黏度水平明显降低(P＜0.01),且明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:低分子右旋糖酐联合丹参治疗妊娠期高黏血症疗效优于单纯低分子右旋糖酐.     

活血化瘀法中药汤剂对脑梗死患者认知功能以及血液动力学的意义分析

目的探讨活血化瘀法中药汤剂对脑梗死患者认知功能以及血液动力学的意义。方法60例脑梗死患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各30例。对照组患者接受常规治疗,试验组患者在对照组基础上采取活血化瘀方中药汤剂进行治疗。对比两组患者认知功能、神经功能、生活能力评分;治疗后血液动力学情况(血浆粘度、全血粘度高切、全血粘度低切、红细胞压积);血流动力学指标[最大血流速度(Vmax)、最小血流速度(Vmin)平均血流速度(Vmean)及平均血流量(Qmean)];临床治疗总有效率。结果试验组患者治疗后认识功能评分为(81.62±2.55)分、神经功能评分为(10.30±0.82)分、生活能力评分为(54.42±1.13)分均优于对照组的(74.66±2.58)、(15.35±0.81)、(41.48±1.20)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后血浆粘度、全血粘度高切、全血粘度低切及红细胞压积均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗后Vmax、Vmin、Vmean及Qmean均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者治疗总有效率86.67%高于对照组的63.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对脑梗死患者,采取活血化瘀法中药汤剂治疗的临床效果显著,可有效改善患者微循环,值得临床推广。     

依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死96例疗效观察

目的 观察依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及其对血液流变学的影响.方法 96例脑梗死患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各48例.对照组采用常规溶栓治疗,溶栓后给予丹参静脉滴注;观察组在溶栓治疗后给予依达拉奉静脉滴注.观察两组疗效、神经功能缺损程度评分以及检测全血还原黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞沉降率、纤维蛋白原等血液流变学指标.结果 两组均取得了较好的疗效（总有效率分别为91.7%和72.9%）,神经功能缺损程度评分以及全血还原黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原等血液流变学指标均较治疗前显著好转.但观察组改善更为显著,两组差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 依达拉奉可通过改善患者血液流变学状态而对脑梗死患者起到更好的治疗作用.     

针灸与通痹益脑汤治疗脑梗死后血管性痴呆30例疗效观察

目的:探讨针灸与通痹益脑汤治疗脑梗死后血管性痴呆(VD)的临床效果和安全性.方法:120例脑梗死后VD患者随机分为两组各60例.对照组口服吡拉西坦片治疗,观察组加用针灸与通痹益脑汤治疗.比较两组血液流变学指标、认知功能和日常生活能力,并记录不良反应情况.结果:观察组血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、红细胞压积低于对...     

高压氧治疗对脑梗死患者脑血流量、脑电图的影响

目的 分析高压氧治疗对脑梗死患者脑血流量、脑电图的影响。方法 选取2019年1～12月我院接受治疗的脑梗死患者61例,以随机数表法分组。其中,对照组30例患者行静脉滴注复方丹参治疗,在此基础上试验组31例患者加用高压氧治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后脑血流量及脑电图变化情况。结果 治疗后治疗有效率对比,试验组为83.33%,对照组为46.67%(P <0.05);试验组患者的脑血流量为（52.57±4.44）mL/（100 g·min）,对照组为（47.46±7.12）)mL/（100 g·min）,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;试验组患者的红细胞比容（55.41±4.25）%、血浆比黏度（1.69±0.24）mpa·s、全血比黏度高切（6.39±0.95）mpa·s以及全血比黏度低切（11.49±0.43）mpa·s显著低于对照组患者的红细胞比容（59.54±4.29）%、血浆比黏度（1.85±0.28）mpa·s、全血比黏度高切（7.09±0.98）mpa·s以及全血比黏度低切（12.22±0.56）mpa·s,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论...     

银杏达莫注射液联合拜阿司匹林治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察银杏达莫注射液联合拜阿司匹林治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 选取本院2012年收治的经脑CT或MRI确诊的脑梗死患者86例,随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组43例.治疗组运用银杏达莫注射液联合拜阿司匹林治疗,对照组单纯口服拜阿司匹林治疗,两组患者连续治疗14d,分别从疗效以及血流变学指标（全血黏度、血浆黏度、全血高切还原黏度、纤维蛋白原）等方面进行比较.结果 治疗组治疗效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗后两组患者全血黏度、血浆黏度、全血高切还原黏度、纤维蛋白原指标比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 银杏达莫注射液联合拜阿司匹林用于治疗脑梗死疗效显著,具有较好的临床推广价值.     

舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的：探讨舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2013年3月—2014年9月于北京市门头沟区医院急诊内科接受诊治的76例急性脑梗死患者,随机分成对照组和试验组,各38例。两组均给予常规保守治疗,对照组给予血塞通联合胞磷胆碱钠注射液治疗,试验组给予舒血宁治疗,比较两组患者的神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学指标以及临床疗效。结果试验组总有效率高于对照组,全血黏度高切、全血黏度低切、红细胞比容、血浆比黏度、纤维蛋白原水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。结论舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效显著,安全性好、不良反应少。     

通心络胶囊治疗高黏滞血症临床观察

目的 观察通心络胶囊治疗高黏滞血症的临床效果.方法 2011年9月-2012年7月门诊收治高黏滞血症患者48例,所有患者均予通心络胶囊治疗,疗程4周,观察用药前后全血黏度高切、全血黏度低切、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和总胆固醇、三酰甘油变化.结果 治疗后全血黏度高切、低切变率,血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数和总胆固醇等均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 通心络胶囊能有效改善患者的高黏滞血症,且无明显不良反应.     

马来酸桂哌齐特治疗高血压病合并脑梗死的疗效评价

目的:分析高血压病合并脑梗死患者应用马来酸桂哌齐特治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取某院2014年5月~2015年5月收治的高血压病合并脑梗死患者60例为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组给予丹参注射液治疗,观察组给予马来酸桂哌齐特治疗,比较治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为96.67%,明显高于对照组66.67%;治疗后观察组全血表现黏度高切、全血表现黏度低切、全血还原黏度高切、全血还原黏度低切、红细胞聚集指数均低于对照组。结论:高血压病合并脑梗死应用马来酸桂哌齐特治疗的效果明显,值得推广。     

100例脑梗死患者血液流变学检测的临床意义

目的观察脑梗死患者血液流变学指标检测的临床意义。方法 2008年6月～2011年6月,将笔者所在医院确诊的脑梗死患者100例纳入检测对象,设立为脑梗死组。另选择同期在笔者所在医院进行健康体检者100例作为健康对照组,所有入选对象分别采空腹静脉血,采用北京中科富邦医疗设备有限公司生产的LG-R-80C型半自动血流变测试仪检测血液流变学指标的变化,包括全血高切浓度、全血低切浓度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原。结果脑梗死组的血液流变学指标,包括全血高切浓度、全血低切浓度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液流变指标的检测在临床上对脑梗死患者的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要的参考价值,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.