老年性高血压脑出血进行积极降压对早期血肿增长的影响

【摘要】目的:比较脑出血急性期积极降压治疗与对照组控制血压对早期血肿增长的影响。 方法：采用前瞻性随机对照研究设计，收集2012年10月到2014年5月于永康市中医院连续入院的脑出血患者共64例，分为积极降压组(n=33)和对照组(n=31)，分别予以早期积极降压治疗(入组后立即降压，目标收缩压≤140 mmHg)和普通降压治疗(收缩压≥180mmHg才开始降压治疗)，24 h后复查头颅CT测量血肿体积。 结果：两组24h内收缩压下降的百分比分别为22.4%,10.2%，24 h血肿扩大比例积极降压组为16.1％，对照组为42.5％。24 h平均血肿扩大体积两组比较差异具有统计学意义(3.3mL，7.9mL，P=0．037) 结论：脑出血早期进行积极降压可以减缓早期血肿扩大。     

高血压脑出血早期强化降压的临床研究

目的探讨早期强化降压治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将68例高血压脑出血患者分为强化对照组(32例)和强化降压组(36例),对照组血压维持至150-170㎜Hg,强化降压组在短时间内将血压降至120-130㎜Hg,对两组血肿体积、水肿体积、血肿增大率等指标进行比较。结果与强化降压组相比,对照组血肿体积、水肿体积增大,血肿增大率及24h心电图变异率较高,差异有统计学(P0.05)。结论早期强化降压有助于控制高血压脑出血血肿体积及周围水肿体积。     

脑出血超早期强化降压对患者血肿扩大及神经功能的影响

目的 探讨脑出血4h内强化降压对基底节区脑出血血肿扩大、血肿周围脑组织水肿、早期神经功能及治疗后90 d生活自理能力的影响.方法 整群选取2014年3月—2016年2月发病4 h内的脑出血患者143例,随机分为观察组72例和对照组71例,观察组患者在发病1 h内将收缩压控制在130~140 mmHg,对照组患者在发病1 h内将收缩压控制在160~180 mmHg,分别于治疗前、治疗后24 h、治疗后5 d时查头颅CT,计算治疗24 h后两组患者脑出血血肿量及治疗5 d后两组患者脑组织水肿量,评价两组患者治疗前、治疗后24 h、治疗后14 d神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分,随访两组患者治疗后3个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,评价两组患者的生活自理能力.结果 强化降压治疗后24 h观察组患者血肿量明显低于对照组[(12.2±4.7)vs(14.7±4.9)]mL(P<0.05),治疗5 d后观察组患者脑组织水肿量明显小于对照组[(5.0±1.5)vs(7.3±2.1)]mL(P<0.05),治疗后24 h观察组患者NIHSS评分中位数与对照组比较[10.0(8.0,12.8)vs10.5(8.0,14.0)]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后14 g观察组患者NIHSS评分中位数明显低于对照组[5.5(3.0,10.0)vs8.0(5.0,12.0)](P<0.05),治疗后3个月观察组患者mRS评分为3~6分的比例显著低于对照组(22.2%vs39.4%)(P<0.05).结论 脑出血4 h内强化降压治疗可缓解基底节区脑出血患者24 h内血肿扩大,减轻患者发病5 d内血肿周围脑组织水肿,改善患者早期神经功能及治疗后3个月生活自理能力.     

早期强化降压治疗脑出血对血肿周围水肿的影响观察

目的观察早期强化降压治疗脑出血(ICH)对血肿周围水肿的影响。方法 ICH患者121例随机分为早期强化降压组(强化组62例)和指南指导降压组(指南组59例),2组均采用常规治疗,强化组在发病后6h内收缩期血压≥150 mmHg时,即予以硝普钠25 mg+生理盐水250 ml缓慢静脉滴注,使收缩压在1h内达到目标值≤140mmHg,维持静脉滴注24h,而后视血压情况进行处理。指南组在发病后收缩期血压≥180 mmHg时,予以硝普钠静脉滴注,方法同上。2组均于发病后24h、72h、7d、14d时复查头颅CT,以了解血肿周围水肿变化情况,并进行疗效对比。结果发病后24h指南组血肿周围水肿体积较强化组增大,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。72h时2组血肿周围水肿体积均明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);7d时2组血肿周围水肿体积增大最为明显,14d时2组血肿周围水肿体积均较7d时缩小,强化组较指南组减少明显,2组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。90d时强化组总有效率明显高于指南组(91.9%vs 78.0%P<0.05)。结论早期强化降压治疗减少血肿周围水肿体积,减轻脑水肿,患者生活质量明显提高。     

高血压脑出血早期控制血压对血肿扩大的影响?

目的：研究早期控制血压对高血压性脑出血患者血肿扩大的影响。方法对96例急性期高血压脑出血患者随机分为强化降压组(48例)和标准降压组(48例),分别予以强化降压及标准降压。两组入院时及入院24 h 查头颅 CT 及神经功能评分,然后对两组头颅 CT 血肿体积大小及神经缺损功能评分进行对比分析。结果入院后24 h 强化降压组较标准降压组神经功能评分明显降低(P <0.05),入院后24 h 复查头部 CT 发现,强化降压组和标准降压组入院24 h 血肿体积及血肿扩大发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论高血压脑出血早期控制血压可降低血肿扩大,减少神经功能缺损症状。     

超早期强化降压对脑出血血肿扩大、血浆基质金属蛋白酶-9及神经功能的影响

目的  探讨超早期强化降压治疗对基底节区脑出血血肿扩大、血浆基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-9、脑水肿和神经功能的影响。方法  前瞻性纳入发病4 h内的脑出血患者134例,随机分为两组,强化降压组（67例）完成3次颅脑CT检查的患者为60例,普通降压组（67例）完成3次颅脑CT检查的患者为62例。分别在开始治疗后的1 h内采用静脉点滴降压药物使收缩压控制在130～140 mmHg、160～180 mmHg,并维持24 h。于治疗前、后进行美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损（NIHSS）评分、改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、血浆MMP-9水平测定、颅脑CT检查,计算血肿量、血肿扩大例数和水肿量,进行组间比较。结果  治疗后14 d强化降压组NIHSS评分明显低于普通降压组（P <0.05）,治疗后90 d强化降压组评分为中重度残疾或死亡患者的比例明显低于普通降压组（P <0.05）。强化降压组治疗后24 h血肿量、血肿扩大患者比例明显小于普通降压组（均P <0.05）。强化降压组治疗后5 d水肿量、血浆MMP-9水平明显低于普通降压组（均P <0.05）。结论  基底节区脑出血患者超早期强化降压治疗能够减少血肿扩大、降低血浆MMP-9水平、减轻脑水肿,进而改善患者的神经功能。

     

高血压脑出血患者早期降压对血肿扩大的影响及护理措施

目的探讨高血压脑出血患者早期降压对血肿扩大的影响及护理措施。方法 2009年1月至2010年6月收治的符合入选标准的高血压脑出血患者168例,依据入院后2h内能否将收缩压降至170mmHg,分为早期降压良好组98例和早期降压差组70例,观察2组血肿扩大率并进行比较。结果 2组病例与入院24h或病情变化明显时进行CT检查,早期降压良好组98例血肿扩大78例,血肿扩大率79.59%,早期降压差组70例,血肿扩大21例,血肿扩大率30.00%,经统计学分析2组血肿扩大率比较P〈0.05有显著差异性。结论高血压脑出血患者进行早期降压是非常重要的,可以防止再次出血,防止血肿扩大,防止病情加重,护理应积极配合治疗,严密观察患者生命体征,特别是对血压的监测和病情变化。     

早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者血肿、炎症、神经功能的影响

目的 探讨早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者血肿、炎症及神经功能的影响。 方法 采用随机数字法将余杭区第一人民医院2014年1月—2016年6月间收治的168例高血压脑出血患者随机分为2组,每组84例。对照组仅给予常规降压,给予静滴硝酸甘油,维持收缩压在160~180 mm Hg。观察组给予早期强化降压,静脉泵入硝酸甘油,维持收缩压在130~140 mm Hg。通过CT结果统计2组血肿量,用Elisa法测定2组患者血清炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)水平,并采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价2组患者神经功能。对数据进行统计学分析,进而探讨早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者肿块、炎症、神经功能的影响。 结果 治疗1 d时,观察组血肿量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),血肿扩大比例为8.3%,显著低于对照组的20.8%(P<0.05)。治疗14 d时,2组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗14 d时,2组NIHSS显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组NIHSS明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 早期强化降压可有效改善脑出血患者血肿、炎症和神经功能,治疗效果满意。      

高血压脑出血术后48小时强化降压对预后的影响

【摘要】目的 对比高血压脑出血术后强化降压与常规降压的安全性与有效性。方法 采用随机对照临床试验方法, 纳入2014年5月至2016年1月收治的高血压脑出血术后患者的临床资料。随机分为常规治疗组（收缩压控制在160-140mmHg）和强化治疗组（收缩压控制在140-120mmHg），并对两组治疗结果进行比较。结果 共有111例患者完成试验, 其中常规治疗组57例, 强化治疗组54例, 常规治疗组和强化治疗组术后48h的血肿体积变化和再出血率无显著差异（P>0.05）。两组患者术后48h和术后3个月的GCS、NIHSS、改良MRS评分均无显著差异（各P>0.05）。结论 对于高血压脑出血术后患者, 采用标准降压和强化降压均是安全的, 两组疗法的近期效果和长期预后相似。     

早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者血肿变化的影响分析

目的:研究探讨早期强化降压对高血压脑出血患者血肿变化的影响。方法:将该院2014年9月至2015年9月收治的高血压脑出血患者78例为研究对象。按照随机数表法将所有患者分为例数均等的对照组和观察组。对照组患者采取标准降压方法进行治疗,观察组患者实行早期强化降压治疗,比较两组患者血肿变化情况。结果:治疗结果表明,所有患者治疗后舒张压与收缩压均有所降低,且观察组患者降低幅度显著于对照组(P0.05);与此同时,观察组患者治疗后的血肿体积变化明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在对高血压脑出血患者展开治疗的时候,相对比标准化的降压措施,早期强化降压治疗方法可降低患者的舒张压与收缩压,同时还能够控制患者血肿扩大,在临床中具有较高的应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.