房颤患者心脏结构变化与C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值和白细胞计数相关性研究

目的:探讨房颤患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和白细胞计数(WBC)与心脏结构变化和房颤发生的关系。方法:选取房颤患者114例作为研究组和同期入院的未发生房颤患者232例作为对照组,观察比较两组外周静脉血CRP、NLR和WBC检测水平,并运用多元Logistic回归分析以上三种炎性因子与患者心脏结构变化与房颤发生的相关性。结果:研究组CRP、NIR水平明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组WBC水平比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组左室内径(LVD)、左房内径(LAD)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、右室内径(RVD)与右房心径(RAD)等心脏指标均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过多元Logistic回归分析发现,房颤发生与CRP、NIR水平具有明显相关性,与WBC水平不具有相关性;心脏结构变化与以上三种炎性因子均不具有相关性。结论:高水平外周血CRP、NLR与心脏病房颤发生具有明显相关性,可能是房颤发生的独立危险因素,通过检测以上炎性因子水平,可为诊断和预测房颤发生提供临床依据。     

二尖瓣关闭不全患者血尿酸浓度与心房颤动及心功能的相关性

目的: 探讨血尿酸浓度与二尖瓣关闭不全患者心房颤动、心功能的相关性。方法: 回顾性分析150例轻、中度二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料。根据是否合并心房颤动分为3组：阵发性心房颤动组（阵发房颤组,n=30）,持续性心房颤动组（持续房颤组,n=42）和无心房颤动组（非房颤组,n=78）。收集并比较3组患者的一般临床资料、生化指标和超声心动图检查结果。采用Pearson相关性分析各指标与血尿酸浓度的相关性,采用逐步Logistic回归模型分析房颤发生的危险因素。结果： 与非房颤组比较,阵发房颤组和持续房颤组血尿酸浓度显著升高（P均＜0.05）,且持续房颤组高于阵发房颤组（P＜0.05）。与非房颤组比较,阵发房颤组和持续房颤组左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）和左心房内径(LAD)均显著增加（P均＜0.05）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）显著减小（P＜0.05）;而且持续房颤组LVEDD和LAD均明显大于阵发房颤组（P均＜0.05）,LVEF小于阵发房颤组（P＜0.05）。血尿酸（OR=2.214, 95% CI 1.609～5.917, P＜0.05）,LAD（OR=3.617, 95% CI 2.015～6.374, P＜0.05）和LVEF（OR=2.885,95%CI 1.876～6.017, P＜0.05）是发生心房颤动的独立危险因素。血尿酸浓度与LAD呈正相关（r=0.603,P＜0.05）,与LVEF呈负相关（r=-0.584,P＜0.05）。 结论： 二尖瓣关闭不全心房颤动患者心房扩张、重构,心功能降低,可能与患者血尿酸浓度显著升高有关。     

高血压患者合并阵发性房颤心脏超声指标的变化及其与房颤发生的关系

目的 研究高血压合并阵发性房颤患者左右心房内径、室间隔厚度、左心室内径和左室射血分数的变化及与高血压患者房颤发生的关系.方法 高血压合并阵发性房颤患者41例和单纯性高血压患者45例.经胸心脏超声测量两组患者收缩期左房前后径(Lad)和右房上下径(Rad)、舒张期左室内径(LVIDd)和室间隔厚度(IVSd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)与有无明显的二尖瓣返流(MR),所有房颤患者在窭性心律下做超声测量.结果 单纯性高血压患者相比,高血压合并阵发性房颤患者Lad(mm)和IVSd(mm)显著增大(Lad:36.1±5.8 vs 31.0±3.9,P<0.00l;IVSd:10.7±1.3 vs 9.9±1.5,P=0.001),MR发生率显著增高(52.5% vs 11.1%,P<0.001).两组Rad、LVIDd和LVEF差异均无显著性,其中两组Rad(mm)为46.4±7.1 vs 44.0±4.0(P=0.065).Logistic回归分析显示,Lad、IVSd和MR发生率均与高血压患者房颤发生有显著性关联[OR(95% CI):Lad,1.375(1.135～1.665);IVSd,1.98(1.183～3.313);MR,4.708(1.126～19.685)].结论 高血压合并阵发性房颤患者较单纯性高血压患者左心房显著扩大、室间隔显著增厚和二尖瓣返流发生率显著增高,这三者是高血压患者发生房颤的预测因素.     

收缩功能正常的心衰患者低密度脂蛋白水平与房颤发生率的相关性研究

目的研究低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与收缩功能正常的慢性心衰患者房颤发生率的相关性及相关机制的探讨。方法人选240例收缩功能正常的慢性心衰患者,入院后24h内记录患者病史,并行十二导心电图检查,根据是否并发房颤分为房颤组和窦律组,测定血清低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）;并行超声心动图检查,检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）,分析影响心衰患者发生房颤的相关因素。结果240例心衰患者中并发房颤153例（63．75％）,房颤组与窦律组的LDL水平[（1．96±0．77）mmol／Lvs（2．38±0．93）mmol/L,P=0．011]差异有统计学意义,LDL水平与LAD、年龄及FT3有一定相关性（r分别为-0．263、-0．225和r=0．295．P均〈0．01）;Logistic回归分析显示LDL〈2．57mmol／L对应着房颤发生率的增加有统计学意义（OR：0．302,95％CI：0．114～0．803,P=0．016）。结论过低的LDL水平可能增加收缩功能正常的慢性心力衰竭患者发生房颤的风险。     

血清Cys C浓度与2型糖尿病合并左心室肥厚患者心脏结构异常的关系

目的：探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys C)水平变化与2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并左心室肥厚患者心脏结构异常的关系。方法：回顾性分析140例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,按患者是否合并左心室肥厚分为左心室肥厚组34例和T2DM组106例;采集两组患者血清样本,测定血清Cys C水平,比较不同组别患者血清Cys C水平差异及心脏功能指标差异。结果：左心室肥厚组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、收缩末期内径(LVESD)、后壁厚度(LVPW)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)以及血清Cys C、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞的比值(PLR)水平高于T2DM组(P<0.05),左心室射血分数(LVEF)低于T2DM组(P<0.05)。采用Spearman相关性分析,血清Cys C与LVMI、LVEDD、LVESD、IVST、LVPW呈正相关性(P<0.05),与LVEF呈负相关性(P<0.05),与血清hs-CRP、NLR、PLR水平无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论：...     

Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and structure and function of heart in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸( Hcy)水平在维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心脏结构和功能评估中的应用价值.方法 69例透析龄≥6个月的MHD患者(MHD组)根据有无心血管疾病(CVD)事件发生分为MHD合并CVD组(MHD-CVD组,n=26)和MHD未合并CVD组(MHD-nCVD组,n=43).采用ELISA法检测透析前和透析后即刻(透后即刻)的血浆Hcy浓度;应用心脏彩超测定左心室舒张末期内径( LVEDD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)等指标,计算左心室质量(LVM);分析血浆Hcy水平与心脏彩超测定指标的相关性.以42名健康志愿者作为正常对照组.结果 MHD组透析前和透后即刻的血浆Hcy浓度均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);透析前,MHD-CVD组血浆Hcy浓度显著高于MHD-nCVD组(P＜0.05).相关性分析结果显示:MHD患者血浆Hcy水平与LVEDD、LVPW、LVM和LAD呈正相关(r=0.315,P =0.008;r =0.355,P=0.003;r=0.314,P=0.009;r=0.248,P=0.040),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.262,P=0.030).在透后即刻血浆Hcy浓度较透析前下降≥50％的MHD患者中,透后即刻血浆Hcy水平降低与LVPWD呈正相关(r=0.401,P =0.036),其中MHD-CVD组透后即刻血浆Hcy水平降低与LVEDD和LVESD呈负相关(r=-0.419,P=0.031; r=-0.534,P=0.008).结论 MHD患者(尤其是合并CVD的患者)普遍存在高同型半胱氨酸血症.血浆Hcy水平能反映LVM及左心室结构和功能的变化,对左心室肥厚和左心室功能的评估具有重要作用.     

血清NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnⅠ及超声心动图与心房颤动关系的临床研究

目的:探讨血清脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)及超声心动图与心房颤动的关系。方法:选取2018年7月～2019年11月芜湖市第二人民医院住院且确诊为房颤的患者268例,同时选取同期住院非房颤患者148例作为对照,分别检测NT-proBNP、CRP、cTnⅠ和超声心动图,比较两组不同指标的差异,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析房颤的危险因子,绘制ROC曲线,研究血清标志物对房颤的预测价值。结果:两组性别、高血压病史比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),房颤组的年龄大于非房颤组,心律不齐和冠心病病史两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),符合房颤的特征。NT-proBNP、cTnⅠ和CRP含量房颤组高于非房颤组(P<0.05);超声心动图检查结果显示房颤组左心室舒张期内径(LVDd)、左心室收缩期内径(LVDs)、左房内径(LAD)指标均高于非房颤组(P<0.05),而射血分数(EF)和左心室缩短分数(FS)非房颤组高于房颤组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥65岁(OR=3.395)、心律不齐(OR=36.688)、NT-proBNP异常(OR=21.566)和LAD(OR=4.197)是房颤发生的危险因素。结论:结合心律、年龄、检测NT-proBNP和检查超声心动图,多种技术联合评估,能准确评价房颤患者左心房功能,对患者的复律治疗、远期疗效评估及预后均有重要意义。     

维持性血液透析患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与心脏结构和功能的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平在维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心脏结构和功能评估中的应用价值。方法 69例透析龄≥6个月的MHD患者(MHD组)根据有无心血管疾病(CVD)事件发生分为MHD合并CVD组(MHD-CVD组,n=26)和MHD未合并CVD组(MHD-nCVD组,n=43)。采用ELISA法检测透析前和透析后即刻(透后即刻)的血浆Hcy浓度;应用心脏彩超测定左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)等指标,计算左心室质量(LVM);分析血浆Hcy水平与心脏彩超测定指标的相关性。以42名健康志愿者作为正常对照组。结果 MHD组透析前和透后即刻的血浆Hcy浓度均显著高于正常对照组(P0.01);透析前,MHD-CVD组血浆Hcy浓度显著高于MHD-nCVD组(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示:MHD患者血浆Hcy水平与LVEDD、LVPW、LVM和LAD呈正相关(r=0.315,P=0.008;r=0.355,P=0.003;r=0.314,P=0.009;r=0.248,P=0.040),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.262,P=0.030)。在透后即刻血浆Hcy浓度较透析前下降≥50%的MHD患者中,透后即刻血浆Hcy水平降低与LVPWD呈正相关(r=0.401,P=0.036),其中MHD-CVD组透后即刻血浆Hcy水平降低与LVEDD和LVESD呈负相关(r=-0.419,P=0.031;r=-0.534,P=0.008)。结论 MHD患者(尤其是合并CVD的患者)普遍存在高同型半胱氨酸血症。血浆Hcy水平能反映LVM及左心室结构和功能的变化,对左心室肥厚和左心室功能的评估具有重要作用。     

IL-6 PCT WBC与CRP水平对儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的预测价值

目的 探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞计数(WBC)与C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的预测价值.方法 选取2019年3月至2020年5月就诊于皖西卫生职业学院附属医院儿科的呼吸道感染患儿421例,根据入院时有无并发脓毒血症,分为呼吸道感染组(C组,n=348)与呼吸道感染合并脓毒血症组(S组,n=73).收集患儿的病史,临床资料及入院时的IL-6、PCT、一般临床指标和生化指标,分析各指标在两组间的差异,评估儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的危险因素,探讨其联合检测对儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的预测价值.结果 S组患儿IL-6、PCT、WBC、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、CRP、总胆红素、直接胆红素、血小板数目、血小板压积高于C组,MPV低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且IL-6与PCT、WBC、NLR、CRP均呈正相关(r=0.288,P<0.001;r=0.309,P<0.001;r=0.273,P<0.001;r=0.377,P<0.001).logistic回归分析显示,IL-6(OR=1.014,95％CI:1.004～1.024)、PCT(OR=1.481,95％CI:1.127～1.946)、WBC(OR=1.246,95％CI:1.166～1.332)及CRP(OR=1.035,95％CI:1.022～1.047)是儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的危险因素(P<0.05).受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,IL-6、PCT、WBC、CRP单独及联合检测对儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症均有一定的预测价值,其中IL-6、PCT、WBC、CRP联合检测的预测价值最高,其ROC曲线下面积、敏感度和特异度分别为0.939、0.918和0.845.结论 IL-6、PCT、WBC及CRP是儿童呼吸道感染并发脓毒血症的独立预测因子,4项指标联合检测对其发生具有较高的预测价值.     

房颤与非房颤患者血脂水平的病例对照研究

目的 研究心房颤动与非心房颤动患者血脂水平的变化并探讨其意义.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2012年6月于重庆医科大学附属第二医院心内科住院符合纳入标准的598例房颤[包括295例阵发性房颤(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,PAF)亚组,303例非阵发性房颤(non paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,NPAF)亚组]患者的临床资料,对比其一般情况、血图分析、肝功、肾功、血脂、血糖、甲状腺功能、心电图、动态心电图、心脏彩超值等资料,符合纳入标准的596例非房颤患者作为对照,对比分析房颤组及亚组同对照组血脂水平的变化.结果 房颤组与对照组在年龄、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、白细胞计数(WBC)及中性粒细胞比例、左房内径(LAD)和左室射血分数(EF)有统计学差异(P＜0.05).多因素Logistc回归显示,WBC(OR=1.119,P＜0.05)和LAD(OR=1.147,P＜0.05)是房颤的危险因素;TG(OR=0.822,P＜0.05)、HDL(OR=0.401,P ＜0.05)、LDL(OR =0.736,P＜0.05)水平与房颤负相关.亚组分析显示HDL(OR=0.420,P＜0.05)、LDL(OR=0.695,P ＜0.05)与PAF负相关,而LAD(OR=1.078,P＜0.05)与PAF正相关;在NPAF亚组,HDL(OR =0.219,P＜0.05)、LDL(OR=0.638,P ＜0.05)、TG(OR=0.676,P＜0.05)三者一致地与NPAF负相关,是其保护因素,LAD(OR=1.247,P＜0.05)是NAPF的危险因素.结论 房颤患者血脂尤其是LDL、HDL水平明显低于非房颤患者,且随着PAF进展为慢性房颤而呈逐渐降低趋势.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.