干扰PTEN基因表达对人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa细胞周期的影响及相关机制研究

目的：研究干扰PTEN表达对HeLa细胞细胞周期分布的影响并探索其相关机制。方法：以人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa为实验对象,利用慢病毒转染技术导入PTEN?特异性短发卡RNA（short hairpin RNA,shRNA）干扰PTEN表达,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot技术检测转染前后PTEN及细胞周期蛋白Cyclin B1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布变化,蛋白酶体抑制剂MG?132处理细胞后利用Western blot检测Cyclin B1蛋白稳定性变化。结果：PTEN shRNA作用HeLa细胞后,PTEN mRNA及蛋白表达水平较对照组显著降低;下调PTEN表达后,细胞周期中G2/M期细胞比例与对照组相比明显增加,Cyclin B1蛋白表达水平下降,但Cyclin B1 mRNA水平与对照组相比无明显差异。MG?132处理细胞后,PTEN干扰组中Cyclin B1蛋白表达与未处理组相比明显增加。结论：在HeLa细胞中干扰PTEN表达会导致细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期,这可能与细胞周期相关蛋白Cyclin B1表达水平降低有关。     

肝细胞肝癌组织中PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc的表达及相关性研究

目的:通过检测PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc蛋白在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的表达,了解其与HCC发生和发展的关系.方法:采用EnVisionTM plus免疫组织化学方法检测PTEN、Cyclin D1及C-myc蛋白在52例HCC及癌旁肝组织中的表达情况.结果:52例HCC中PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc蛋白染色阳性表达率分别为42.3％(22/52)、48.1％(25/52)及53.8％(28/52),癌旁肝组织的阳性表达率为92.3％(48/52)、25.0％(13/52)及32.7％(17/52),PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc在HCC及癌旁肝组织两者间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在HCC中,PTEN与CyclinD1、C-myc的阳性表达均呈负相关(r=-0.3631,P=0.0197;r=-0.3697,P=0.0172);PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc在人HCC组织中的阳性表达率与肝外转移、术后复发及肿瘤分化程度有关(P＜0.05).CyclinD1和PTEN的阳性表达率与门静脉癌栓有关(P＜0.05).结论:PTEN、CyclinD1及C-myc蛋白在HCC中过表达.PTEN与CyclinD1及C-myc阳性表达呈负相关,与HCC转移复发及肿瘤细胞分化有明显相关性.     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子基因mRNA的表达

目的 探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中核干细胞因子(NS)基因mRNA的表达水平.方法 应用实时定量PCR检测62例食管鳞状细胞癌组织及其配对正常食管黏膜组织(62例)中NS基因mRNA表达水平,分析核干细胞因子mRNA表达水平与食管鳞状细胞癌患者临床病理参数间的关系.结果 62例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中NS基因mRNA表达水平(4.5 ±2.1)高于其配对正常食管黏膜组织(2.1±1.3)表达水平(t=-5.045,P=0.000).NS基因mRNA表达水平与病理分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移等临床参数有关(均P＜0.05),与性别、年龄、病理类型等参数无关(均P＞0.05).多元线型回归分析显示,临床病理参数在NS基因mRNA表达中起重要作用(P=0.000),NS基因mRNA的表达主要受浸润深度和淋巴结转移的影响(P＜0.05).结论 食管鳞状细胞癌的发生发展和增殖过程中NS基因mRNA起重要作用.     

苦参碱对单核细胞源性泡沫细胞形成及PPAR-γ,caveolin-1表达的影响

目的:观察苦参碱对ox-LDL诱导的单核细胞源性泡沫细胞内胆固醇脂和PPAR-γ,小凹蛋白-1表达的影响.方法:用荧光分光光度法测定胆固醇浓度;采用TBARS法检测细胞内脂质过氧化产物;用油红O染色法检测泡沫细胞的形成;用荧光RT-PCR和Western Blot检测PPARγ,caveolin-1的表达.结果:单核细胞经PMA及oxLDL共同孵育后,细胞内形成大量脂滴,胆固醇酯(CE)和细胞内脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量由(3.4±0.6) mg/L,(0.43±0.07) nmol/L升至(64.8±6.8) mg/L,(8.50±1.23) nmol/L (P＜0.05),泡沫细胞由(4.7±2.2)%升至(77.8±7.0)% (P＜0.05),而PPAR-γ mRNA和PPAR-γ,小凹蛋白-1蛋白表达由(4.4±0.8),(0.5±0.09),(0.6±0.09)降至(1.6±0.4),(0.33±0.09),(0.33±0.09)(P＜0.05),苦参碱低、中、高干预组细胞内积聚的CE和MDA含量分别为 (29.7±4.9) mg/L,(1.92±0.46) nmol/L,(5.8±1.3) mg/L,(0.6±0.08) nmol/L,(3.4±0.6) mg/L,(0.43±0.07) nmol/L;泡沫细胞为(46.2±5.8)%,(16.3±3.4)%,(4.8±1.5)%,PPAR-γ mRNA和PPAR-γ,小凹蛋白-1蛋白表达为(6.4±2.2),(0.6±0.08),(0.5±0.09),(7.4±2.2),(0.6±0.08),(0.6±0.07),(8.6±2.7),(0.6±0.06),(0.7±0.06),与ox-LDL PMA组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:苦参碱减少ox-LDL诱导的单核细胞源性泡沫细胞的形成及细胞内胆固醇聚集,增加泡沫细胞内PPAR-γ,小凹蛋白-1的表达.     

p27和Cyclin E在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨p27和Cyclin E蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法采用免疫组化方法(S-P法)检测45例膀胱移行细胞癌组织和8例正常膀胱组织石蜡切片中p27和Cyclin E蛋白的表达.结果膀胱移行细胞癌组织中p27阳性表达率明显低于正常膀胱组织(P＜0.01);膀胱移行细胞癌组织中Cyclin E阳性表达率明显高于正常膀胱组织(P＜0.05).p27与Cyclin E呈负相关(r=-0.207,P＜0.05).结论提示p27和Cyclin E可以作为判别膀胱癌分化程度的标志物,并作为判断预后的指标.     

PTEN对食管癌细胞增殖的影响及机制

目的 探讨PTEN对食管癌细胞增殖的影响及作用机制.方法 将食管鳞状细胞癌细胞株TE1和TE13分为对照组、空载体组和转染组3个处理组.对照组仅常规培养细胞,而空载体组和转染组常规培养细胞后,分别转染空载体质粒、PTEN/sh-AKT质粒后备用.采用细胞计数法检测细胞浓度,MTT方法检测细胞增殖能力,RT-PCR方法检测细胞PTEN、AKT基因的表达,Western blot方法检测细胞PTEN、p-AKT蛋白的表达.结果 转染PTEN质粒后,转染组两种细胞浓度均较其余两组明显下降(P＜0.05).转染PTEN质粒后,转染组两种细胞的增殖能力(OD值)均较其余两组明显下降(P＜0.05).转染PTEN质粒后,转染组两种细胞PTEN基因表达量均明显高于其余两组(P＜0.05),而AKT基因无明显变化(P＞0.05);转染sh-AKT质粒后,各组间两种细胞PTEN、AKT基因表达量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).转染PTEN质粒后,转染组两种细胞PTEN蛋白表达量均明显高于其余两组(P＜0.05),而p-AKT蛋白表达量均明显低于其余两组(P＜0.05);转染sh-AKT质粒后,各组间两种细胞PTEN蛋白表达量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而转染组两种细胞p-AKT蛋白表达量均明显低于其余两组(P＜0.05).结论 基因水平上调PTEN的表达可抑制AKT的活化,进而达到抑制食管癌细胞增殖的作用.     

NGF参与支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症的发生及作用机制

目的 探讨神经生长因子(nerve growth factor, NGF)对支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响及作用机制.方法 24只雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘组(B组)和抗NGF组(C组),每组8只.测定各组支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)总细胞及细胞分类计数;HE染色观察气道病理改变;RT-PCR和ELISA法检测各组大鼠白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、NGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结果 B组与A组比较,BALF中细胞总数及细胞分类计数增多(P＜0.05);IL-4、NGF mRNA和蛋白表达增加(P＜0.01);而IFN-γ mRNA和蛋白表达减少(P＜0.01).C组与B组比较,BALF中细胞总数及细胞分类计数减少(P＜0.05);IL-4、NGF mRNA和蛋白表达减弱(P＜0.01);而IFN-γ mRNA和蛋白表达水平无显著差异.B组BALF中NGF含量与细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞呈正相关(r=0.833、0.944、0.949,P＜0.05);与IL-4含量呈正相关(r=0.944,P＜0.01),与IFN-γ含量不相关(r=0.122,P＞0.05);与肺组织中IL-4 mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.848,P＜0.05),与IFN-γ mRNA表达不相关(r=0.611,P＞0.05).结论 NGF与哮喘大鼠气道炎症密切相关,它可以通过使Th2型细胞因子分泌亢进参与哮喘的发生.     

GSK-3β、PTEN 、PLK1在儿童急性髓系白血病中的表达及意义

目的探讨糖原合酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)、与张力蛋白同源的位于第10号染色体磷酸酶基因(PTEN)、Polo样激酶1(PLK1)在儿童急性髓系白血病(AML)中的表达及意义。方法 RT-PCR方法检测实验组(33例初诊AML患儿的骨髓)和对照组(10例正常骨髓)骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)中GSK-3βmRNA、PTEN mRNA、PLK1mRNA的表达,ELISA方法检测GSK-3β蛋白及P-GSK-3β的表达。结果实验组中GSK-3βmRNA、GSK-3β蛋白、PLK1mRNA的表达量高于对照组(P=0.012;P=0.014;P=0.040);PTEN mRNA、P-GSK-3β的表达量低于对照组(P=0.012;P=0.002)。GSK3β蛋白与PTEN mRNA的表达呈负相关(r=-0.415,P=0.016);GSK-3βmRNA、GSK3β蛋白与PLK1mRNA的表达成呈正相关(r=0.388,P=0.026;r=0.427,P=0.013)。外周血白细胞计数增高者GSK-3β蛋白表达增高;临床危险度高者GSK-3βmRNA、GSK-3β蛋白的表达增高,P-GSK-3β的表达降低。结论在儿童AML中,GSK-3β和PLK1可能起癌基因的作用,PTEN可能起抑癌基因的作用。     

Tmub1沉默提高Akt蛋白活性促进肝细胞增殖

目的 探讨Tmub1沉默对Akt磷酸化和肝细胞增殖及生长能力的影响.方法 应用RNAi技术对BRL-3A细胞株Tmub1基因进行沉默,采用qRT-PCR和Western blot分别检测Tmub1、Akt、p-Akt、Cyclin D1、c-myc等基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;采用平板集落形成实验和CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期.结果 与对照组相比,Tmub1基因沉默后,Cyclin D1和c-myc基因mRNA表达增强(P＜0.05),p-Akt磷酸化水平以及Cyclin D1和c-myc蛋白的表达增高(P＜0.05);BRL-3A细胞的增殖及生长能力增强(P＜0.05);且处于细胞周期S+G2/M期的细胞比例明显增加(P＜0.05).通过MK2206抑制Akt磷酸化后,可显著抑制上述基因的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平,细胞的增殖及生长能力明显降低(P＜0.05),且处于S+ G2/M期的细胞比例下降(P＜0.05).结论 Tmub1沉默通过增加Akt蛋白的磷酸化及Cyclin D1、c-myc的表达水平从而促进BRL-3A细胞的增殖和生长.     

sEHi对急性冠脉综合征患者单个核细胞脂肪酸合酶表达及炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨可溶性环氧化物水解酶抑制剂(sEHi)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血单个核细胞脂肪酸合酶(FASN)表达的影响.方法 入选ACS患者35例为ACS组,体检健康者30名为对照组.于入院后24h内分别测定血脂谱、空腹血糖、心肌酶谱和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP).同时分离培养外周血单个核细胞,以不同浓度可溶性环氧化物水解酶抑制剂(t-AUCB)干预,用实时荧光定量PCR、蛋白印迹法分别测定FASN及IL-6的mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 (1)ACS组血清hs-CRP浓度为(5.6±4.1)mg/L,与对照组(1.3±0.9 )mg/L比较显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与对照组比较,ACS组单个核细胞内FASN、IL-6 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平均显著升高(相对表达量:FASN mRNA:1比1.709±0.272,FASN蛋白:0.407±0.065比1.298±0.087;IL-6mRNA:1比2.302±0.200,IL-6蛋白:0.715±0.058比1.146±0.083,P＜0.05),且FASN、IL-6 mRNA表达量分别与血清hs-CRP浓度呈正相关(r=0.714,P＜0.01;r=0.685,P＜0.01).(2) t-AUCB可呈剂量依赖性抑制ACS组单个核细胞的FASN和IL-6 mRNA与蛋白表达,t-AUCB干预组与空白对照组(t-AUCB)比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)(其中t-AUCB 0、10、50、100 μmol/L组中,FASNmRNA相对表达量分别为:1,0.813±0.038,0.564±0.100,0.293±0.043;FASN分别为:0.957±0.280,0.935±0.275,0.855±0.253,0.685±0.206.结论 ACS患者体内有较高的炎症水平,其外周血单个核细胞中FASN的表达水平与体内炎症反应密切相关,t-AUCB抑制单个核细胞内的FASN表达及炎症反应,可能起到稳定斑块的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.