火箭军某部军人运用积极情绪上调方式的调查

目的 调查火箭军某部军人运用积极情绪上调方式的特点.方法 采用积极情绪上调(促进)方式量表对火箭军某部1 420名军人进行测试,对测试结果进行年龄、人员类别、学历层次及适应状况上的组间比较,并比较测验总体采用不同积极情绪上调方式的频率,分析很适应和不适应部队生活的军人采用积极情绪上调方式的偏好差异.结果 ①不同年龄段的军人在积极投入和即刻满足上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),20 ～＜25岁组积极投入分最高,之后随着年龄增长有降低的趋势,即刻满足分随着年龄增长具有下降的趋势.②不同职别的军人在积极投入、自我完善和即刻满足上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在积极投入与自我完善上军官得分最高,而即刻满足士兵得分最高.③不同文化层次的军人在积极投入和即刻满足分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);本科及以上学历的军人积极投入和自我完善分最高,即刻满足分最低.④不同适应状况的军人在即刻满足分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不适应部队生活的军人积极投入和即刻满足分最高、自我完善分最低,很适应部队生活的军人自我完善分最高、即刻满足分最低;很适应和不适应部队生活的火箭军军人采用积极情绪上调方式的偏好差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 火箭军军人运用积极情绪上调方式具有年龄、职别、文化层次及适应状况上的特征,在火箭军部队开展军人积极情绪上调训练,制定有效的积极情绪上调方案时应考虑上述因素,分层次组织实施.     

高原军人情绪调节方式特征研究

目的 探讨高原军人情绪调节方式的特征.方法 采用军人情绪调节方式量表(emotion regulation questionnaire for armymen,AERTQ)对4 631名高原军人进行问卷调查.结果 ①军人情绪调节方式使用频率由高到低依次为自我安慰(15.60±4.29),情感求助(13.82 ±4.22),行为抑制(13.45±4.32),认知重视(11.16 ±3.98).②年龄与认知重视(r=0.14,P＜0.01)、情感求助(r=0.07,P＜0.01)、行为抑制(r=0.06,P＜0.01)和自我安慰(r=0.04,P＜0.05)得分呈显著正相关.③军龄与认知重视(r =0.13,P＜0.01)、情感求助(r=0.06,P＜0.01)、行为抑制(r=0.30,P＜0.05)得分呈显著正相关.④军官在情绪调节方式得分均显著高于士兵和士官(P＜0.01).在认知重视和情感求助因子上,士官得分显著高于士兵(P＜0.01).⑤对高原环境很不适应军人的认知重视得分显著高于适应者(P＜0.01),而情感求助和自我安慰得分显著低于适应者(P＜0.01).⑥低海拔军人在情感求助、行为抑制、自我安慰得分上显著高于高海拔军人(P＜0.01).结论 高原军人情绪调节方式在职别、适应水平及海拔高度上差异显著,具有高原军人独特的情绪调节特点.     

某部新兵集训期心理状况与情绪调节方式及认知偏向的关系

目的 研究某部新兵集训2个月时应激水平、情绪体验特点与情绪调节方式和认知偏向的关系.方法 采用心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)、正性负性情感量表(positive and negative affect scale,PANAS)、情绪调节方式问卷(emotion regulation scale,ERS)和正性负性认知偏向量表(attention to positive and negative inventory scale,APNIS)对某部集训期新兵1 600人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①某部新兵心理应激T分为(50.04±10.00).不同文化程度新兵心理应激水平差异有统计学意义(F =3.25,P＜0.05).②心理应激高分组在负性情绪、负性认知偏向和表达抑制上均显著高于心理应激低分组(P＜0.01),在正性情绪、正性认知偏向和认知重评上显著低于低分组(P＜0.01).③总体心理应激水平与正性情绪、正性认知偏向和认知重评呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.49、-0.32、-0.21,P＜0.01);与负性情绪、负性认知偏向和表达抑制呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.48、0.34、0.12,P＜0.01).④正性情绪、负性情绪、负性认知偏向和正性认知偏向可有效预测心理应激水平,总解释率为37.6％.⑤认知重评在正性情绪与心理应激水平之间起调节作用.结论 新兵的心理应激水平与情绪体验特点、情绪调节方式之间密切相关.     

基层官兵特质正念与情绪健康的关系及注意控制和认知重评的中介作用

目的 探讨基层官兵特质正念与情绪健康之间的关系,以及注意控制与认知重评在其中的作用.方法 采用五因素正念量表、注意控制量表、情绪调节量表、流调中心用抑郁量表和状态焦虑量表对某部1 325名基层官兵进行心理测评.结果 ①正念水平高分组与低分组在情绪调节方式、注意控制、抑郁和焦虑水平上差异均存在统计学意义(P＜0.01).②正念水平与注意控制、认知重评显著正相关(r值分别为0.71、0.62,P＜0.01),与表达抑制、抑郁、焦虑显著负相关(r值分别为-0.51、-0.43、-0.66,P＜0.01).③注意控制能力的提升和表达抑制情绪调节策略的减少在正念与抑郁、焦虑的负性关联中起部分中介作用,认知重评情绪调节策略的增加在正念与焦虑的负性关联中起部分中介作用.结论 基层部队官兵特质正念水平与其情绪健康密切相关,正念水平的提升有助于增强个体的注意控制能力,培养合理的情绪调节方式(更多地采用认知重评、更少地使用表达抑制),从而改善情绪健康.     

高原某部官兵负性认知加工偏向特征与抑郁情绪间关系分析

目的 从高原官兵负性认知加工特征着手,探讨高原官兵心理健康状况,以及负性认知加工偏向与抑郁情绪间关系.方法 选择负性认知加工偏向问卷和流行抑郁量表,采用整群抽样,对4 635名高原某部留驻官兵进行心理测评.结果 ①在注意偏向方面,年龄(F=10.38,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=7.66,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F =4.17,P＜0.05)和职别(F=11.49,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;②在记忆偏向方面,年龄(F=3.72,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=4.11,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=13.27,P＜0.01)和职别(F=9.57,P＜0.01)差异存在统计学意义;③在解释偏向方面,年龄(F=15.05,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=11.20,P＜0.01)、文化程度(F=19.31,P＜0.01)和职别(F=24.76,P＜0.01)差异均存在统计学意义;④在沉思偏向方面,只有年龄(F=5.98,P＜0.01)、军龄(F=6.93,P＜0.01)和职别(F =6.96,P＜0.01)方面差异存在统计学意义;⑤负性认知加工偏向的4个因子与抑郁检出之间均存在相关性(r注意=0.43,r记忆=0.47,r解释=0.46,r沉思=0.58,P＜0.01).结论 负性认知加工偏向是抑郁易感者和抑郁患者的重要特征.     

青少年抑郁、生活事件与情绪调节的关系?

目的：探讨青少年抑郁、生活事件与情绪调节三者的关系。方法应用贝克抑郁量表、情绪调节问卷、青少年自评生活事件量表对383名大学生进行测量。结果1)贝克抑郁量表分数与青少年自评生活事件量表总分及6个维度呈正相关(r=0.22~0.42,P <0.01);贝克抑郁量表分数与情绪调节问卷的认知重评维度呈负相关(r=-0.27,P <0.01),与情绪调节问卷的表达抑制维度相关,但差异无统计学意义(P >0.05);2)无抑郁组、轻度抑郁组、中重度抑郁组在认知重评、生活事件及生活事件6个因子上,差异具有统计学意义;在表达抑制维度方面,差异无统计学意义;3)AMOS 模型表明情绪调节的认知重评对抑郁既有直接作用,也是调节生活事件与抑郁的因素。结论认知重评策略对生活事件与抑郁具有调节作用,应重视其在减轻抑郁中的作用。     

高原军人心理健康与负性认知加工偏向、情绪调节方式的关系

目的 探索高原军人心理健康与负性认知加工偏向、情绪调节方式的关系.方法 采用90项症状清单(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、负性认知加工偏向问卷(negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire,NCPBQ)、军人情绪调节量表(armymen's emotion regulation types questionnaire,AERTQ)对高原某部4 631名官兵进行调查.结果 ①SCL-90高分组在负性认知加工偏向各因子、认知重视、行为抑制得分上均显著高于低分组(P＜0.01),而在情感求助和自我安慰上则显著较低(P＜0.01);②SCL-90总分与负性注意偏向、负性记忆偏向、负性解释偏向、负性沉思偏向、认知重视、行为抑制均呈显著正相关(r为0.210～0.551,P＜0.01),与情感求助、自我安慰显著负相关(r=-0.07、r=-0.11,P＜0.01);③负性认知加工偏向中负性沉思偏向、负性注意偏向、负性记忆偏向3个维度和军人情绪调节方式中认知重视、自我安慰、情感求助3种方式可有效预测高原军人的心理健康状况,解释率为38.5％.④多重中介效应模型显示,认知重视在负性认知加工偏向对军人心理健康的影响中起中介作用.结论 负性认知加工偏向、情绪调节方式与高原军人心理健康密切相关,应重点关注高负性认知加工偏向高原军人的心理健康水平,降低认知重视使用频率,有利于维护和提升高原军人心理健康.     

军人情绪调节方式特点研究

目的 探讨基层部队官兵情绪调节方式特点.方法 采用军人情绪调节方式量表(AERTQ)对1692名基层部队官兵进行测试.结果 (1)军人情绪调节方式使用由高到低依次为:情感求助(3.769±0.838)分、行为抑制(3.638±0.826)分、自我安慰(3.297±0.703)分、认知重视(2.605±0.816)分.(2)除自我安慰外,不同军龄军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=7.442～9.429,P<0.01).(3)不同职别军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=5.649～13.137,P<0.01).(4)不同教育程度军人情绪调节方式的使用差异有显著性(F=2.992～14.856,P<0.01).结论 军人情绪调节方式的使用同军人的职业发展阶段与教育程度可能存在密切联系.     

高原军人抑郁症状流行病学特征

目的 对高原军人进行抑郁症状的流行病学特征的调查研究.方法 采用流调中心抑郁自评量表(CES-D)中国修订版,整群抽取某部高原军人进行问卷调查,获得有效样本4 631例.数据采用SPSS 23统计软件进行录入与处理,用t检验和x2检验进行显著性检验.结果 ①高原军人抑郁发生率为31.6％ (95％CI=30.2 ～33.0),其中,轻、中、重度抑郁发生率分别为11.3％(95％ CI=10.4 ～12.2)、11.4％(95％ CI=10.5 ～ 12.3)、8.8％ (95％ CI=8.0 ～9.6).②高原军人的抑郁总分未发现性别差异(P＞0.05).③士官的抑郁总分显著高于列兵(P＜0.05).④驻地海拔越高,高原军人抑郁水平越高(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).⑤单亲家庭出身的高原军人的抑郁水平高于双亲家庭出身者(P＜0.01).⑥年龄30岁及以上的高原军人在抑郁总分和各因子的得分上都显著高于30岁以下者(P＜0.01),而30岁以下的各年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).⑦军龄13年及以上的高原军人的抑郁水平高于军龄不足13年者(P＜0.01).⑧抑郁水平与海拔高度、年龄、军龄显著相关(P＜0.01),与原生家庭结构相关(P＜0.05).结论 高原军人具有较高的抑郁发生率和抑郁水平,其CES-D评分与年龄、军龄、职别、原生家庭类型、海拔有关.     

军校医学生网络成瘾特点及其与情绪调节方式的关系

目的 研究军校医学生网络成瘾特点及其与情绪调节方式的关系.方法 利用分层整群抽样抽取400名军校医学生为被试,用中文网络成瘾量表(Chinese internet addiction scale,CIAS-R)和情绪调节问卷(ERQ-Huang&Guo)进行调查,进行组间比较与相关分析.结果 ①网络成瘾各因子得分和总分未发现显著的性别、专业和子女结构差异.②强迫症状、耐受症状、时间管理问题、人际和健康问题以及网络成瘾总分存在显著的年级差异(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),三年级量表得分均显著低于一、二年级(P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01),一年级强迫症状因子得分显著低于二年级(P＜0.01).③网瘾量表总分及各症状分与情绪抑制调节和情绪宣泄调节均存在显著相关(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).④不同程度情绪调节组之间在网瘾量表各因子分上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),高分组网瘾量表各症状因子分均高于低分组,且情绪抑制调节高分组与低分组差异更显著.结论 高频率使用宣泄或抑制情绪调节方式可能更加容易导致网络成瘾.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.