晚期氧化蛋白产物调节人肾小管上皮细胞自噬的研究

目的 探讨晚期氧化蛋白产物(AOPPs)对人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)自噬的影响.方法 AOPPs刺激HK-2细胞,采用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin1和p62的表达;Western blot检测p38 MAPK通路的激活;加入p38 MAPK抑制剂(SB203580)与AOPPs共处理,观察自噬的改变,加入自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素与AOPPs共处理,并用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测细胞周期抑制蛋白p27的表达,用BCA法检测细胞总蛋白,观察细胞肥大的改变.结果 AOPPs下调LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin1,上调p62的表达,并激活p38 MAPK通路;与AOPPs单独处理组相比,SB203580与AOPPs共处理组LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ和Beclin升高而p62降低;雷帕霉素与AOPPs共处理组p27的表达和细胞总蛋白下调.结论 AOPPs通过激活p38 MAPK通路抑制HK-2细胞自噬,自噬抑制参与HK-2细胞肥大.     

自噬在电离辐射诱导的小鼠精母细胞GC-2凋亡过程中的作用

目的 探讨自噬在电离辐射诱导小鼠精母细胞GC-2凋亡过程中的作用.方法 将小鼠精母细胞GC-2分为空白对照组和不同剂量(2、4和8 Gy)60Co辐射处理组.采用原位末端转移酶标记法(TUNEL法)和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,通过蛋白质印迹实验观察自噬相关蛋白LC3(LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ)和Beclin1表达水平的改变,使用荧光显微镜观察C,C-2细胞内自噬小体的变化.用5mmol/L自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)处理GC-2细胞2h再给予60Co辐射处理,观察自噬抑制剂联合电离辐射对细胞凋亡率的影响以及自噬相关蛋白表达水平的改变.结果 与空白对照组相比,GC-2细胞经60Co辐射处理后细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05),荧光显微镜下可见细胞自噬体明显增多,自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ以及Beclin1蛋白表达水平增加(P＜0.05).预先用5mmol/L 3-MA处理GC-2细胞2h再给予60Co辐射处理,自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ以及Beclin1蛋白表达水平与未经3-MA处理组相比降低(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率升高(P＜0.05).结论 电离辐射可以诱导精母细胞发生自噬,抑制细胞自噬后可增强电离辐射对精母细胞的杀伤作用.     

内质网应激-自噬反应在顺铂诱导宫颈癌HeLa细胞死亡中的作用

目的研究内质网应激-自噬反应在顺铂诱导宫颈癌HeLa细胞死亡中的作用,以及自噬基因Beclin 1对HeLa细胞顺铂敏感性的影响。方法不同浓度顺铂作用HeLa细胞后,丹磺酰戊二胺染色法观察细胞中自噬体的形成,Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin 1和LC3的表达及内质网应激相关蛋白IRE1、PERK和ATF6的表达。将自噬基因Beclin 1的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-Beclin1转染HeLa细胞,Western blot检测Beclin 1在HeLa细胞中的蛋白表达,噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测顺铂对HeLa细胞半数抑制浓度(IC50)的变化,流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞的百分率。结果顺铂作用HeLa细胞后,细胞内自噬体形成增加,自噬蛋白Beclin 1和LC3表达增加,且均呈现时间依赖性(P<0.05),内质网应激相关蛋白IRE1、PERK和ATF6的表达增强。pcDNA3.1(+)-Beclin1转染HeLa后,Beclin 1蛋白表达增加(P<0.05);MTT检测IC50由转染前的1.0μg/ml下降到0.5μg/ml;凋亡细胞百分率升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内质网应激-自噬反应参与了顺铂对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的细胞毒性作用,自噬基因Beclin 1过表达能够增加HeLa细胞对顺铂的敏感性。     

银杏内酯K调节AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路对乳腺癌细胞自噬和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨银杏内酯K（GK）调节AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路对乳腺癌细胞自噬和凋亡的影响。方法 取对数生长期的MCF-7细胞,设置分组为对照组、GK低浓度（GK-L,12.5 μg/mL）组、GK中浓度（GK-M,25 μg/mL）组、GK高浓度（GK-H,50 μg/mL）组、GK-H+AMPK抑制剂（Compound C,50 μg/mL GK+50 μmol/L Compound C）组。观察各组细胞形态以及细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬状况并分析自噬相关基因LC3、P62、Beclin1 mRNA表达以及AMPK、p-mTOR、mTOR、p-ULK1、ULK1、LC3、P62、Beclin1表达。结果 与对照组相比,GK-L、GK-M、GK-H组细胞自噬泡数量增多,增殖率、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-ULK1/ULK1、p62表达显著下降,凋亡率、LC3、Beclin1表达、AMPK蛋白表达显著增加（P＜0.05）;与GK-H组相比,GK-H+Compound C组细胞自噬泡数量减少,增殖率、p-mTOR/mTOR、p-ULK1/ULK1、p62显著增加,凋亡率、LC3、Beclin1表达、AMPK蛋白表达显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 GK可以诱导乳腺癌细胞自噬和凋亡、抑制其增殖,可能与激活AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路有关     

LED光源照射及PI3K抑制剂对人视网膜色素上皮细胞自噬和凋亡的影响

目的探讨LED光源照射对人视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞自噬和凋亡的影响,以及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）抑制剂LY294002在光照下对RPE细胞自噬和凋亡的影响。方法体外培养人ARPE-19细胞,随机分为6h对照组、6h模型组、6hLY294002组,12h对照组、12h模型组、12hLY294002组,24h对照组、24h模型组、24hLY294002组,分别给于设定时间的LED冷光照射或加入LY294002后的光照。采用噻唑蓝法检测各组细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率;透射电子显微镜观察各组细胞超微结构;构建稳定表达红色荧光蛋白-绿色荧光蛋白-微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）的RPE细胞株,激光共聚焦合倒置荧光显微镜分析细胞自噬流变化;Westernblot法检测苄氯素1（Beclin1）、LC3和p62自噬相关蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较,6、12、24h模型组细胞存活率均下降（均P＜0.05）,12、24hLY294002组细胞存活率均下降（均P＜0.01）;与模型组比较,12、24hLY294002组细胞存活率均升高（均P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,6、12、24h模型组和LY294002组细胞凋亡率均升高（均P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,6、12hLY294002组细胞凋亡率均下降（均P＜0.05）。模型组RPE细胞在光照24h后,胞内可见较多的自噬泡,LY294002干预后也可见聚集性分布的自噬囊泡。观察自噬流发现,对照组少见红色亮点,模型组红色亮点荧光随光照时间延长数量逐渐增多,Merge图中黄色亮点数量增多明显,LY294002干预后,红色亮点与黄色亮点呈增多趋势。与对照组比较,6、12、24h模型组和LY294002组细胞中Beclin1、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白表达水平均升高,p62蛋白表达水平均下降,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,6、12、24hLY294002组细胞中Beclin1、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白表达均升高,12、24hLY294002组细胞中p62蛋白表达水平均下降,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论LED光源照射可刺激ARPE-19细胞发生自噬,增加细胞凋亡率;PI3K抑制剂LY294002能上调细胞的自噬活性,减缓凋亡。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1对宫颈癌细胞化学治疗敏感性的影响及其机制

目的：探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1,HMGB1)对宫颈癌细胞化学治疗敏感性 的影响及其机制。方法：采用Western印迹法检测宫颈癌细胞HeLa和CaSki经不同药物浓度顺铂处理后LC3, Beclin1及P62的表达水平,检测使用自噬抑制剂和/或顺铂处理后宫颈癌细胞HeLa和CaSki中LC3,Beclin1及P62 的表达水平;采用细胞计数试剂盒8(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)检测细胞增殖水平。构建HeLa-shHMGB1,CaSki- shHMGB1,HeLa-CTR及CaSki-CTR的稳定细胞系。以CCK-8检测上述细胞系顺铂半数抑制浓度(half maximum inhibitory concentration,IC50)水平;Western印迹法检测上述细胞系中HMGB1, LC3,Beclin1及P62的表达水 平。结果：在一定浓度范围内,随着顺铂药物浓度的增加,宫颈癌细胞HeLa和CaSki中LC3及Beclin1的表达 增加,P62表达降低。与单用顺铂组相比,顺铂联合自噬抑制剂组细胞存活率更低(P<0.05)。在宫颈癌细胞 中,HMGB1的表达与顺铂药物敏感性有关(P<0.05),与LC3,Beclin1表达呈正相关,与P62表达呈负相关。 结论：HMGB1可能通过调控宫颈癌细胞内自噬的水平,影响其对顺铂的敏感性。铂类药物结合自噬抑制剂可能成为 宫颈癌治疗的新策略。HMGB1可能成为预测化学治疗药物敏感性的分子标志物。     

Adropin对脂肪细胞自噬及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶通路的影响

目的探讨Adropin对脂肪细胞自噬及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/AKT)通路的影响。方法将小鼠胚胎成纤维前脂肪细胞3T3-L1诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞,随机分为对照组、Adropin组、自噬激动剂组、Adropin+自噬激动剂组。对照组细胞不予特殊处理,Adropin组细胞加入Adropin (终浓度为1 000 nmol·L-1),自噬激动剂组加入西罗莫司(终浓度为100 nmol·L-1),Adropin+自噬激动剂组细胞加入Adropin(终浓度为1 000 nmol·L-1)和西罗莫司(终浓度为100 nmol·L-1),继续培养2 h;采用单丹磺酰尸胺染色检测各组细胞中自噬空泡情况,细胞免疫荧光染色法检测各组细胞微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)表达,采用Western blot法检测各组细胞自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ、p62及PI3K/AKT通路蛋白PI3K、磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、AKT、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)的表达。结果与对照组比较,Adropin组细胞中自噬空泡相对含量、LC3阳性细胞比例及LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P <0. 05),p62、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P <0. 05)。与对照组比较,自噬激动剂组细胞中自噬空泡相对含量、LC3阳性细胞比例及LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P <0. 05),p62、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P <0. 05)。Adropin+自噬激动剂组与对照组细胞中自噬空泡相对含量、LC3阳性细胞比例及LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1、p62、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。与Adropin组比较,自噬激动剂组、Adropin+自噬激动剂组细胞中自噬空泡相对含量、LC3阳性细胞比例及LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P <0. 05),p62、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P <0. 05)。与自噬激动剂组比较,Adropin+自噬激动剂组细胞中自噬空泡相对含量、LC3阳性细胞比例及LC3-Ⅱ、Beclin-1蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P <0. 05),p62、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P <0. 05)。4组细胞中PI3K、AKT蛋白相对表达量两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 Adropin可抑制脂肪细胞自噬,其机制可能是通过激活PI3K/AKT通路而实现。     

3-甲基腺嘌呤诱发HeLa细胞自噬及抑制辐照细胞自噬的双重作用

目的了解PI,K抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）对电离辐射后细胞自噬的影响,初步探讨作用机制。方法细胞增殖-毒性试剂盒CCK-8检测不同浓度3-MA处理及60Coγ射线4Gy照射或联合3-MA作用的HeLa细胞细胞生长变化和毒性,Annexin V—FITC／PI双标记检测细胞凋亡,Westernblot检测自噬相关蛋白SQSTMl／p62表达,Lipofectamine2000介导转染GFP—LC3质粒,共聚焦显微镜检测自噬体形成。结果3mmol／L以上浓度3-MA作用24h对HeLa细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,作用更长时间产生致死毒性效应。无论是5mmol／L3-MA单独作用还是单独4Gy照射,均能诱发HeLa细胞自噬。但3-MA与（射线辐照联合作用时,HeLa细胞自噬受到抑制,细胞凋亡显著增加。结论PI3K抑制剂3-MA既诱发细胞自噬又能抑制电离辐射诱发细胞自噬,以在不同的条件下两种方式影响细胞存活。     

自噬基因Beclin 1在SKOV3细胞中的表达及其调控相关信号传导途径的研究

目的探讨自噬基因Beclin 1在人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞中过表达后自噬相关信号调控通路PI3K/PKB途径中ClassⅠPI3K（p110α）、p-PKB和ClassⅢPI3K（hvps34）的表达变化以及对肿瘤细胞的自噬活性的影响.方法将自噬基因Beclin 1的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染SKOV3细胞;分别用荧光定量RT-PCR和Western blot在mRNA和蛋白水平检测用流式细胞仪检测Beclin1、p110α、hvps34和p-PKB的表达;在电镜和荧光显微镜下观察自噬现象,用流式细胞仪检肿瘤细胞自噬情况.结果 pcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染后SKOV3细胞Beclin1表达在mRNA和蛋白质水平明显高于转染空质粒pcDNA3.1和未转染细胞;PcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染后hvps34表达上调,而p110α、p-PKB的表达下调.PcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染SKOV3细胞后在在电镜下可见大量自噬囊泡形成.在荧光显微镜下见pcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染后SKOV3细胞中MDC阳性细胞明显增加.流式细胞仪检测pcDNA3.1/Beclin1转染后SKOV3细胞MDC平均荧光强度高于pcDNA3.1转染组和未转染组.Beclin 1在SKOV3中的过表达后抑制肿瘤细胞在体外的生长,抑制率为58.68%.结论自噬基因Beclin1在人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3中过表达可使ClassⅢPI3K（hvps34）表达上调,ClassⅠPI3K（p110α）及其下游的p-PKB表达下调,诱导肿瘤细胞自噬活性增加,抑制SKOV3在体外的增殖.     

Tob1通过诱导自噬抑制肾上腺皮质癌细胞SW-13增殖促进细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的：探讨Tob1对肾上腺皮质癌细胞自噬的作用及其影响。方法：将体外培养的SW-13细胞分为对照组、空载质粒转染组以及pcDNA3.1-Tob1质粒转染组。实时荧光定量PCR检测各组细胞中Tob1的mRNA表达。Western blot检测Tob1以及自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、p62和Beclin 1的表达。LC3免疫荧光检测细胞自噬水平。随后在转染pcDNA3.1-Tob1质粒的SW-13细胞中加入自噬抑制剂3-MA处理,CCK-8检测细胞增殖,Tunel检测细胞凋亡。结果：pcDNA3.1-Tob1质粒转染显著上调SW-13细胞中Tob1的mRNA和蛋白表达,提升LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ和Beclin 1水平,降低p62蛋白表达,并显著提升细胞自噬水平(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,pcDNA3.1-Tob1组SW-13细胞增殖降低,细胞凋亡增加;与pcDNA3.1-Tob1组相比,pcDNA3.1-Tob1+3-MA组细胞增殖提升,细胞凋亡降低(P<0.05)。结论：Tob1能够通过激活细胞自噬降低人皮质癌细胞SW-13增殖并促进其凋亡。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.