双环己酮草酰二腙诱导精神分裂症小鼠模型胼胝体有髓神经纤维脱髓鞘的定量观测

目的 进一步研究双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone,CPZ)诱导精神分裂症动物模型胼胝体内有髓神经纤维的改变及与行为学改变之间的关系.方法 19只雄性C57BL/6小鼠被分为2组,空白对照组(n=10)和CPZ处理组(n=9),分别给予正常鼠饲料和混有0.2％(质量分数)CPZ的鼠饲料6周,运用旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验、Morris水迷宫实验、探孔实验和转棒实验检测小鼠的行为学改变,运用免疫组化、透射电镜、体视学方法研究小鼠的胼胝体和其内有髓神经纤维的改变.结果 CPZ处理组小鼠在行为学实验中表现为:旷场实验中央区活动增多,高架十字迷宫开臂内活动增加(P＜0.05),提示CPZ处理小鼠的焦虑行为减少;学习记忆能力、运动能力和基本探索行为并未受到影响(P＞0.05).透射电镜研究发现CPZ模型小鼠胼胝体存在有髓神经纤维脱髓鞘改变.透射电镜和体视学研究发现,CPZ模型小鼠胼胝体体积[(12.66±1.07)mm3]较空白对照组[(13.53 ±2.79)mm3]无显著性下降(P＞0.05),但CPZ模型小鼠胼胝体有髓神经纤维长度密度和总长度[(0.70±0.17) km/mm3和(9.06±2.56)km]均较空白对照组[(1.47±0.17) km/mm3和(19.75 ±3.70)km]显著下降(P＜0.05).结论 CPZ模型可以出现类似精神分裂症样症状且胼胝体内有髓神经纤维存在脱髓鞘改变.     

大麻素WIN55,212-2对双环己酮草酰二腙诱导的脱髓鞘模型髓鞘修复作用的研究

目的 探讨大麻素WIN55,212-2对双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone,CPZ)诱导C57BL/6小鼠脱髓鞘模型的治疗作用.方法 取6周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠,分为正常组、第2周WIN55,212-2给药组与DMSO对照组、第4周WIN55,212-2给药组及DMSO对照组,每组10只.正常组每天喂养普通饲料,CPZ模型持续喂养含有0.25％ CPZ的混合饲料,在第2周和第4周时进行WIN55,212-2注射,DMSO对照组则在相同条件下注射10％的DMSO,继续喂养CPZ混合饲料.于第3、5周末通过体质量变化观察整体状态;旋转棒实验观察小鼠运动功能,利用LFB和MBP免疫组化技术染色观察胼胝体区域髓鞘,GFAP染色观察星形胶质细胞.结果 与DMSO对照组相比,WIN55,212-2给药组模型体质量下降趋势明显减缓(P＜0.05);旋转棒实验中,WIN55,212-2给药组小鼠运动功能仍弱于正常小鼠,但是与DMSO对照组相比,WIN55,212-2给药组运动功能明显改善(P＜0.01);LFB染色结果显示DMSO对照组髓鞘脱失明显,WIN55,212-2给药组介于正常与DMSO对照组之间,MBP染色进一步证实了这一结果;GFAP免疫组化实验结果显示DMSO对照组CPZ模型小鼠胼胝体区域GFAP阳性细胞广泛表达,而经过WIN55,212-2治疗的小鼠GFAP表达量明显低于DMSO对照组(P＜0.05).结论 大麻素WIN55,212-2可通过降低髓鞘的脱失和星形胶质细胞的活化,对脱髓鞘病变具有一定缓解的作用.     

Activation of intracerebral astrocytes in a demyelination model of mice at different ages

目的 观察星形胶质细胞在不同年龄(青壮年及中老年)cuprizone(CPZ)脱髓鞘小鼠模型中的激活特点,探讨星形胶质细胞激活与髓鞘脱失可能存在的内在联系.方法 选取6周龄(青壮年)及9月龄(中老年)雄性C57 BL/6小鼠建立CPZ导致的急性脱髓鞘动物模型,经0.2％ CPZ处理6周后,通过体质量测量及卢卡斯快蓝(luxol fast blue,LFB)染色观察模型建立是否成功,利用免疫组织化学染色检测实验组(CPZ)和对照组(CTL)小鼠胼胝体(corpus callosum,CC)及皮层( cortex,CTX)区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)和髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)表达变化,并通过Western blot方法进一步检测GFAP及MBP蛋白表达差异.结果 0.2％ CPZ处理6周后,青壮年CPZ小鼠于胼胝体及皮层区GFAP阳性细胞数显著增多(P＜0.01),同时伴有显著的MBP表达下降(P＜0.01);中老年小鼠于胼胝体区GFAP阳性细胞数增多较明显(P＜0.05),并伴有MBP表达明显下降(P＜0.05);GFAP阳性细胞数的增多和MBP表达下降均表现为青壮年组更加明显(P＜0.01).结论 星形胶质细胞的激活于青壮年小鼠更加明显,并与髓鞘损伤呈现出一定的正相关性,星形胶质细胞激活可能是参与髓鞘损伤的重要原因.     

少突胶质细胞前体细胞在双环己酮草酰二腙诱导的脱髓鞘模型中的变化特点

目的观察神经胶质细胞在双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone,CPZ)诱导的脱髓鞘模型中的变化特点,探讨其与髓鞘再生的内在联系。方法选8周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠,分为正常组、急性脱髓鞘组及髓鞘再生组。正常组每天饲养正常鼠粮;模型组小鼠饲养含有0.2%CPZ的混合鼠粮,连续饲养6周;髓鞘再生组在连续喂养6周CPZ鼠粮后,换用正常鼠粮2周。实验过程中通过卢卡斯快蓝染色及透射电镜技术判断脑组织胼胝体区髓鞘脱失及恢复程度,通过免疫组化及免疫荧光技术检测脑内NG2,Olig2和GFAP的表达来评估少突胶质细胞前体细胞及星形胶质细胞的变化特点。结果与正常组相比,急性脱髓鞘组胼胝体髓鞘脱失明显,Olig2、GFAP表达明显升高(P<0.05),侧脑室旁外侧隔核(LSD)NG2升高水平较胼胝体区(CC)更为明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);髓鞘再生组髓鞘有所修复,Olig2、GFAP表达仍高于正常组,但较急性脱髓鞘组有一定程度降低(P<0.05)。结论髓鞘损伤期少突胶质细胞前体细胞不能有效迁移至受损部位,修复期Olig2表达降低,星形胶质细胞持续高水平表达可能是髓鞘修复障碍的影响因素。     

Effect of cuprizone-induced demyelination on callosal oligodendrocytes and motor function in mice

目的 研究Cuprizone (CPZ)诱导C57BL/6小鼠脱髓鞘对胼胝体少突胶质细胞变化情况,并探讨对小鼠运动能力的调控特点.方法 以正常饲料喂食的6周龄雄性小鼠作为对照,实验组用含0.2％ Cuprizone的混合饲料持续喂食6周龄雄性小鼠6周,诱导中枢神经系统脱髓鞘.用LFB组化和MBP免疫组化技术鉴定脑胼胝体区的脱髓鞘改变,确认模型的稳定可靠性.结合MBP和CC-1免疫荧光双标技术,观察脱髓鞘的胼胝体区少突胶质细胞变化情况.并通过体质量监测观察小鼠的整体功能状态变化,进一步采用行为学实验技术(旋转棒测试和旷场实验)观察对小鼠运动能力的调控效果和特点.结果 与正常组相比,Cuprizone诱导脱髓鞘6周后,脑胼胝体区的髓鞘缺失明显,髓鞘结构蛋白MBP含量明显减少[ (0.395±0.019)vs (0.242±0.016);P＜O.01];应用图像分析和统计学分析发现,成熟少突胶质细胞的胞体(CC-1+)和(MBP+)呈平行性减少[(42.62±2.48)vs (25.04±3.68)/100 μm2;P ＜0.05];在实验监测过程中,正常小鼠体质量呈上升增加,而CPZ组小鼠体质量先急剧下降,后趋于平稳并稍有恢复;同时行为学实验结果表明,小鼠的运动协调能力、自发活动能力都有明显减弱[( 156.17±22.17)vs(78.50±7.80);(240.91±29.52)vs(163.31±21.05);P＜0.05],但是对小鼠的探索习性并无明显影响(3.7％/5.4％ vs3.6％/5.3％;P＞O.05).结论 利用Cuprizone诱导小鼠脱髓鞘改变与少突胶质细胞减少有关,其主要影响小鼠的运动协调能力和自发活动而不影响探索习性等高级功能.     

不同双环己酮草酰二腙剂量诱导小鼠行为学改变及海马CA1区和DG区内有髓神经纤维改变

目的 探讨双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone,CPZ)喂养动物模型作为精神分裂症动物模型的合适剂量和CPZ剂量、海马脱髓鞘改变和行为学改变间的关系.方法 使用0.2％、0.3％、0.4％(质量分数)3种剂量CPZ喂养C57BL/6鼠6周,与控制组比较体质量、生存时间和行为学的改变情况,运用免疫组化和光密度比较各组小鼠海马CA1区和DG区内髓鞘改变情况,使用体视学方法研究0.2％ CPZ组小鼠海马分区内有髓神经纤维改变情况.结果 0.4％ CPZ组小鼠生存时间显著性低于控制组(P＜0.01),控制组、0.2％ CPZ组和0.3％ CPZ组的生存时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).CPZ喂养组小鼠体质量显著性低于控制组(P＜0.05),且剂量越高,体质量丢失越严重.0.2％ CPZ组小鼠旷场实验在中央区域的活动显著性增高(P＜0.05).0.2％ CPZ组和0.3％ CPZ组小鼠海马CA1区MBP染色的平均光密度值显著性低于控制组(P＜0.01),0.2％ CPZ组小鼠海马DG区MBP染色的平均光密度值显著性低于控制组和0.3％ CPZ组(P＜0.01).控制组和0.2％ CPZ组海马CA1区和DG区体积无显著性差异(P＞0.05).0.2％ CPZ组海马CA1区和DG区内有髓神经纤维长度密度和总长度显著性低于控制组(P＜0.05).结论0.2％ CPZ为用于诱导精神分裂症动物模型的适合CPZ剂量,0.2％ CPZ喂养6周可导致小鼠海马CA1和DG区内有髓神经纤维脱髓鞘.     

Cuprizone致小鼠脱髓鞘对胼胝体少突胶质细胞数及动物运动能力的影响

目的研究Cuprizone(CPZ)诱导C57BL/6小鼠脱髓鞘对胼胝体少突胶质细胞变化情况,并探讨对小鼠运动能力的调控特点。方法以正常饲料喂食的6周龄雄性小鼠作为对照,实验组用含0.2%Cuprizone的混合饲料持续喂食6周龄雄性小鼠6周,诱导中枢神经系统脱髓鞘。用LFB组化和MBP免疫组化技术鉴定脑胼胝体区的脱髓鞘改变,确认模型的稳定可靠性。结合MBP和CC-1免疫荧光双标技术,观察脱髓鞘的胼胝体区少突胶质细胞变化情况。并通过体质量监测观察小鼠的整体功能状态变化,进一步采用行为学实验技术(旋转棒测试和旷场实验)观察对小鼠运动能力的调控效果和特点。结果与正常组相比,Cuprizone诱导脱髓鞘6周后,脑胼胝体区的髓鞘缺失明显,髓鞘结构蛋白MBP含量明显减少[(0.395±0.019)vs(0.242±0.016);P<0.01];应用图像分析和统计学分析发现,成熟少突胶质细胞的胞体(CC-1+)和(MBP+)呈平行性减少[(42.62±2.48)vs(25.04±3.68)/100μm2;P<0.05];在实验监测过程中,正常小鼠体质量呈上升增加,而CPZ组小鼠体质量先急剧下降,后趋于平稳并稍有恢复;同时行为学实验结果表明,小鼠的运动协调能力、自发活动能力都有明显减弱[(156.17±22.17)vs(78.50±7.80);(240.91±29.52)vs(163.31±21.05);P<0.05],但是对小鼠的探索习性并无明显影响(3.7%/5.4%vs 3.6%/5.3%;P>0.05)。结论利用Cuprizone诱导小鼠脱髓鞘改变与少突胶质细胞减少有关,其主要影响小鼠的运动协调能力和自发活动而不影响探索习性等高级功能。     

淫羊藿苷对cuprizone诱导精神分裂症样小鼠模型行为学变化、髓鞘脱失及神经炎性反应的影响

目的 应用双环己酮草酰二腙(cuprizone)诱导的精神分裂症样小鼠模型,研究淫羊藿苷(icariin,ICA)对模型小鼠行为学变化、髓鞘脱失及神经炎性反应的影响。方法 用含0.2%(质量分数) cuprizone的饲料饲喂C57BL/6小鼠5周,制备脱髓鞘模型。造模同时灌胃给予ICA(25、50 mg/kg),持续5周。用Y迷宫和旷场试验进行行为学检测,油红O染色检测髓鞘脱失,免疫组织化学法检测髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein, MBP)表达、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化。结果 与对照组相比,cuprizone模型组小鼠在Y迷宫试验中的自发性交替反应率减低(空间工作记忆能力下降),在旷场试验中的自发活动总路程延长(高活动性阳性症状);胼胝体部位髓鞘脱失,MBP表达减少;小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞数量增多。ICA灌胃给药5周明显改善模型小鼠的空间工作记忆能力和高活动性阳性症状,减轻胼胝体部位髓鞘脱失,增高MBP的表达,抑制小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的活化。结论 ICA能够改善cuprizone模型小鼠的认知功能障碍和高活动性阳性症状,其机制与减轻脑白质髓鞘脱失和拮抗神经炎症有关,提示ICA具有治疗精神分裂症的潜能。     

不同年龄小鼠脱髓鞘动物模型中脑内星形胶质细胞激活情况的观察

目的观察星形胶质细胞在不同年龄(青壮年及中老年)cuprizone(CPZ)脱髓鞘小鼠模型中的激活特点,探讨星形胶质细胞激活与髓鞘脱失可能存在的内在联系。方法选取6周龄(青壮年)及9月龄(中老年)雄性C57BL/6小鼠建立CPZ导致的急性脱髓鞘动物模型,经0.2%CPZ处理6周后,通过体质量测量及卢卡斯快蓝(luxol fast blue,LFB)染色观察模型建立是否成功,利用免疫组织化学染色检测实验组(CPZ)和对照组(CTL)小鼠胼胝体(corpus callosum,CC)及皮层(cortex,CTX)区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)和髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)表达变化,并通过Western blot方法进一步检测GFAP及MBP蛋白表达差异。结果 0.2%CPZ处理6周后,青壮年CPZ小鼠于胼胝体及皮层区GFAP阳性细胞数显著增多(P<0.01),同时伴有显著的MBP表达下降(P<0.01);中老年小鼠于胼胝体区GFAP阳性细胞数增多较明显(P<0.05),并伴有MBP表达明显下降(P<0.05);GFAP阳性细胞数的增多和MBP表达下降均表现为青壮年组更加明显(P<0.01)。结论星形胶质细胞的激活于青壮年小鼠更加明显,并与髓鞘损伤呈现出一定的正相关性,星形胶质细胞激活可能是参与髓鞘损伤的重要原因。     

CPZ诱导精神分裂症样模型小鼠海马脱髓鞘改变与行为学变化及其相关性的研究

目的：研究双环己酮草酰二腙（cuprizone,CPZ）诱导 C57BL/6小鼠建立的精神分裂症样模型小鼠海马内有髓神经纤维体积改变及其与行为学改变之间的关系。方法：19只雄性 6 周龄小鼠,随机分为实验组（9只）和对照组（10只）,实验组用含 0.2%（质量分数百分比,w/w）CPZ的混合鼠饲料饲喂 6 周,建立精神分裂症样小鼠模型;对照组用标准鼠饲料饲喂 6 周。运用旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验、Morris水迷宫实验、转棒实验和探孔实验测试行为学改变;髓鞘碱性蛋白（myelin basic protein,MBP）免疫组化染色及透射电镜定性观察髓鞘结构变化;体视学方法测量并计算海马总体积及海马内有髓神经纤维体积;统计学方法分析行为学改变与海马内有髓神经纤维体积改变之间的关系。结果：与对照组相比,实验组小鼠体质量下降,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;行为学实验结果表明：实验组小鼠存在异常的焦虑行为（P=0.018）及空间认知能力障碍（P=0.037）,但运动能力（P=0.443）、探索习性（P=0.306）及学习记忆能力未见受损（P=0.462）;MBP免疫组化染色发现海马区域免疫阳性染色变浅;透射电镜定性观察发现海马内有髓神经纤维存在脱髓鞘改变;体视学定量测定发现,实验组小鼠海马总体积未发生显著性改变（P=0.955）,而海马内有髓神经纤维体积减小（P=0.009）;统计学相关分析发现,闭臂路程百分比和海马内有髓神经纤维体积呈正相关（rs=0.83,P=0.003）,开臂路程百分比和海马内有髓神经纤维体积呈负相关（rs=-0.65,P=0.043）。结论：进一步证实 CPZ模型小鼠可以出现类似精神分裂症样症状的行为学改变及海马内有髓神经纤维存在脱髓鞘改变,并且发现海马内有髓神经纤维体积和行为学表现间具有一定的相关性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.