电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的临床分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）治疗胸膜孤立性纤维瘤（SFTP）的价值,总结微刨治疗经验。方法1999年2月至2010年10月VATS治疗SFFP患者19例,其中全胸腔镜手术14例,胸腔镜辅助小切口（6～8cm）手术3例,胸腔镜联合后外侧大切口（15cm）手术2例。结果全组均完整切除肿瘤,手术顺利,无并发症及围手术期死亡。术中证实13例肿瘤起源于脏层胸膜有蒂,5例起源于壁层胸膜无蒂宽基底,1例起源于纵隔胸膜有蒂。主要诊断依据免疫组化分析,19例患者的Vimentin和CD34均阳性表达;病理诊断良性17例,恶性2例。平均住院时间6d（4-11d）。术后平均随访51个月,无复发和转移。结论VATS创伤小,可作为治疗SFTP的首选方法,值得推荐。     

Solitäre fibröse Pleuratumoren

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTP) are very rare neoplasms. The majority of these tumors are benign, but about 10-20 % fulfill the criteria of malignancy. The clinical presentation varies according to the size and intrathoracic localization. In early stages, often asymptomatic, the tumors may grow to an enormous size and then cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain and dyspnea, but also paraneoplastic syndromes such as hypoglycemia or digital clubbing. Between 1981 and June 1998 we treated in our institution 16 SFTP in 14 patients (4 M, 10 F, average age at first operation 58 years). Eight patients showed symptoms, whereas in the other cases the tumors were found on routine chest X-rays. The usually pedunculated SFTP were completely resected without complications. Two patients developed malignant recurrences, which infiltrated the right upper lung lobe and the diaphragm respectively. In these cases the tumor was resected together with the adjacent structures. Since late recurrences are more often malignant than primary SFTPs long-term follow-up is mandatory even in benign lesions.     

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with a minute malignant component and diaphragmatic vascular supply: Report of a case

We resected a fist-sized, solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) with a minute malignant component, following percutaneous embolization of its feeding artery. The tumor had macroscopic characteristics of a benign SFTP, and most parts of it were microscopically benign. However, further careful pathological examination revealed a minute malignant component in its periphery. We report this case to show that large and mostly benign SFTPs may contain malignant components, which can be overlooked. Thus, large SFTPs should be resected in consideration of this possibility.     

Efficacy and safety of single-trocar technique for minimally invasive surgery of the chest in the treatment of noncomplex pleural disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and the safety of a single-trocar technique for minimally invasive surgery of the chest in the management of multiple noncomplex thoracic diseases, a prospective study was performed and the results are presented. METHODS: Between October 1998 and December 2001, 100 patients underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery through a single trocar. The patients were divided into 4 groups as follows: (1) benign, (2) malignant, (3) pleural effusion, and (4) empyema. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percentage of the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, type of anesthesia, anesthesia time, surgery time, intraoperative complications, morbidity, chest tube removal, hospital stay, and follow-up. RESULTS: The patient population consisted of 64 men and 36 women with a mean age of 62 years (range 31-92 years). General anesthesia was used in 53 patients (25 double-lumen and 28 single-lumen tube) and local anesthesia and sedation in 47 patients. Talc pleurodesis was performed in 55 patients. Mean operative time was 65 +/- 37 minutes, 48 +/- 18 minutes for simple and 67 +/- 37 minutes (P =.004) for complex pleural effusion. Mean anesthesia time was 102 +/- 85 minutes. Chest tubes were removed after 5 +/- 2 days. Mean overall hospital stay was 6 +/- 3 days, 5 +/- 2 days for benign diseases, 7 +/- 3 days for malignant diseases, and 8 +/- 3 for empyema. Morbidity was present in 19 patients. Two patients had intraoperative bleeding; 1 required a mini-thoracotomy to control it. There was no hospital mortality. Three patients had wound infection, and no patient with malignant diseases had port site metastasis. CONCLUSION: Video-assisted thoracic surgery through a single trocar is simple, effective, and beneficial for all patients in the diagnosis and treatment of noncomplex diseases of the chest. Furthermore, with this newest type of technologically advanced instrumentation it is possible to carry out simple intrathoracic procedures without using additional ports.     

胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的诊治

目的 探讨胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年至2007年10例胸膜孤立性纤维瘤病人的临床和病理资料.10例中男3例,女7例.术前行超声引导下粗针穿刺活检明确诊断2例.全组均行手术治疗,其中3例行胸腔镜手术切除.结果 组织病理学报告,良性和恶性肿瘤各5例;恶性肿瘤CD34表达阳性率较低(3/5例),其中CD34阴性者nestin表达均阳性.失访1例,其余9例随访6～35个月,平均17.3个月,复发1例,死于脑转移1例.结论 超声引导下粗针穿刺结合免疫组化检查是术前明确诊断的一种较好方法.对于较小带蒂的肿瘤,胸腔镜手术是最佳手术方法.CD34阴性,同时nestin表达阳性可能是胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的一个恶性指标.     

Resection of a giant, invasive malignant solitary fibrous tumor of pleura

Solitary fibrous tumor of pleura (SFTP) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm that most commonly involves the pleura, is probably derived from fibroblasts, and has no relationship to malignant mesothelioma. Here, we report a case of complete resection of a giant malignant SFTP. A 61-year-old woman developed fever and left flank pain. Computed tomography revealed the tumor to be 13?cm in size and located in the left thoracic cavity, directly invading the left lower lobe of the lung. The patient underwent radical resection and left lower lobectomy. Immunohistochemical examination revealed a dense proliferation of spindle-shaped cells with ovoid nuclei and collagen fibers hyperplasia. The cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, and were negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, calretinin, S-100 and smooth muscle ??-actin. SFTPs have malignant potential, as 20?C30?% of resected SFTPs reportedly contain malignant components. Careful long-term clinical follow-up is therefore required for all cases of SFTP.     

电视胸腔镜与小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病的比较

目的比较电视胸腔镜手术与小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病的临床效果和适应证。方法1995年1月至2007年1月我院胸外科应用微创手术治疗食管良性疾病患者52例。其中贲门失弛缓17例,食管平滑肌瘤24例,食管憩室7例,食管脂肪瘤1例,食管囊肿1例,贲门失弛缓合并食管憩室1例,贲门失弛缓球囊扩张食管破裂1例。根据手术方式分为电视胸腔镜手术组25例,小切口开胸手术组27例。结果两组患者手术治疗效果均良好,无术后并发症,无手术死亡。电视胸腔镜手术组有2例因胸腔内广泛粘连和食管黏膜损伤中转开胸。两组患者手术时间、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、胃肠减压时间以及术后住院时间均无明显差异。结论电视胸腔镜手术和小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病安全有效,术后恢复快。电视胸腔镜手术切口符合美观要求,可作为治疗食管良性疾病的常规术式。小切口开胸手术更适合于病情较复杂的患者。     

Thoracoscopic resection of posterior neurogenic tumors

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may be used for resection of posterior mediastinal tumors to avoid thoracotomy and shorten hospital stay. Between October 1990 and June 1998, 23 patients had VATS resection of posterior neurogenic tumors. The 14 females and 9 males ranged in age from 14 months to 70 years, with a median of 35 years. Operation time ranged from 30 to 120 minutes (median, 83), and intraoperative complications were limited to minor problems as well as conversion to thoracotomy to enhance complete tumor resection in four cases. Tumor pathology included nerve sheath origin (20) and autonomic ganglia (3). There was only one malignant schwannoma. Tumor size ranged from 0.7 to 13 cm in diameter. Median chest tube days was 1 day (range, 1-4), and hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1-9). Postoperative complications included transient paresthesia (three cases), ileus (two cases), pleural effusion (one case), and transient intercostal pain (one case). Posterior neurogenic tumors may be resected safely using video-assisted techniques. Conversion to thoracotomy to enhance complete resection is both possible and encouraged. The use of VATS seems to decrease hospital stay and minimize postoperative complications. In posterior neurogenic tumors without tumor extension to the spinal canal, VATS has become our preferred method for resection.     

Giant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura (SFTPs) associated with paraneoplastic Doege Potter Syndrome

SFTPs are uncommon spindle cell mesenchymal tumors. These tumors arise in pleural as well as in extra pleural sites like liver, orbit, lung, nasal passages, meninges, respiratory tract, thyroid, soft tissues, major salivary glands, kidney, periosteum and spinal cord. SFTPs of thorax are interesting in that they can present with mass effect and paraneoplastic syndrome. Doege Potter Syndrome that is Giant SFTP presenting as hypoglycemic coma is an exceptional presentation of SFTPs. SFTPs are often mistaken for epithelial mesotheliomas. Positivity for vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells, negativity for cytoplasmic keratin which is positive in mesotheliomas and expression of Clusters of Differentiation (CD) 34 antigens can confirm the presence of a SFTP. Ultra structural studies further support the fibroblastic nature of these tumors. We hereby report an exceptional case of a 50-year-old lady with giant SFTP presenting with hypoglycemic coma. A diagnostic as well as therapeutic thoracotomy with complete surgical resection of the tumor was performed with complete relief of symptoms.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical indications and the results of a series of 107 patients treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. METHODS: From January 1991 to December 1997, 107 patients (86 male and 21 female patients) mean age 28 years (range 14-78), underwent VATS for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients had primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and thirty-two patients had secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). Bullous area was not seen in 26 patients with PSP. Ninety-nine patients were treated with wedge stapled resection of the bullous area or of the apex (when no bullous area was seen) and some form of pleurodesis, whereas 8 patients with PSP were treated only with pleurodesis. Among these 8 patients, two presented recurrence. Two patients with PSP and 8 patients with SSP were treated by apical pleurectomy: no one developed recurrence. The other 97 were treated with electrocoagulation of the parietal pleura. Conversion to a thoracotomy was necessary in 4 patients (12.5%) because of massive pleural adhesions. There were no postoperative deaths. A complication developed in 3 patients (4%) with PSP and in 5 patients (17.8%) with SSP, whose procedure was ended by VATS. The duration of systematic postoperative drainage was 3.8 +/- 0.9 (range 3-15 days) for the group of patients with PSP and 6 +/- 2.1 (range 4-23 days) for the group of patients with SSP. The duration of the hospital stay was 5.6 +/- 1.4 (range 4-15) and 8.4 +/- 2.3 (range 6-18) in patients with PSP and SSP respectively. Follow-up analysis revealed 2 (2.66%) ipsilateral recurrent pneumothorax in 75 patients treated for PSP. Among 26 patients with SSP, whose procedure was completed by VATS, 2 recurrences (7.7%) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment by VATS is a valid alternative to open thoracotomy in patients with PSP and will be the treatment of choice because, with increased experience of surgeons, it will yield the same results as standard operative therapy but with the advantages of the minimally invasive operation. The usefulness of VATS in patients with SSP remains to be defined.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis

HYPOTHESIS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy is efficacious for patients with hyperhidrosis. DESIGN: An experience with patients undergoing bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy was reviewed to evaluate the operative technique and to determine morbidity and outcomes. SETTING: Academic health center. PATIENTS: The cohort included 31 patients (22 women and 9 men). All but 2 patients were of Asian descent, and the average age was 24.9 years. All patients had palmar hyperhidrosis. Two patients also had craniofacial hyperhidrosis, and another 2 had pedal hyperhidrosis. INTERVENTIONS: Bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy with resection of the second and third ganglia was performed in all patients. Small chest tubes were removed on the first postoperative day. In 30 patients, the procedures were simultaneous; and in 1, it was staged to accommodate lumbar sympathectomy for pedal disease. RESULTS: Perioperatively, no patients died. The only hospital complication was an intraoperative injury to an intercostal artery that required conversion to an open thoracotomy. The average hospital length of stay was 1.2 days (range, 1-3 days). No patient developed Horner syndrome. Long-term follow-up was 2.6 years (range, 3 months to 7 years). Both hands in all patients were warm and dry at the last follow-up, as were the face and scalp in the 2 with craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Ten patients (32%) experienced compensatory sweating, which improved within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this experience, palmar hyperhidrosis is predominantly a disease of young Asian women. Simultaneous bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy is effective and can be accomplished with minimal morbidity and a short hospitalization. Compensatory sweating occurs in a third of patients, but is generally self-limiting.     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is finding an ever-increasing role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of thoracic disorders that previously required sternotomy or open thoracotomy. The potential advantages of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery include less postoperative pain, fewer operative complications, shortened hospital stay and reduced costs. The following review examines the surgical and anesthetic considerations of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with an emphasis on recently published articles.     

Recent advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic approach to posterior mediastinal tumours

Minimal invasive video-assisted thoracic surgery can be a safe alternative technique in the assessment, diagnosis and surgical resection of posterior mediastinal tumours. Video-assisted thoracic surgery may be particularly suited for the management of posterior mediastinal tumours as most are benign. Surgical technique continues to evolve from the classic 3-port access in order to tackle more complex tumours positioned at the apical and inferior recesses of the posterior mediastinum. The preoperative identification of dumbbell tumours is important to facilitate arrangements for a single-stage combined resection for both the intra-thoracic and intraspinal tumour. Results from Video-assisted thoracic surgery posterior mediastinal tumour resection are comparable with conventional surgical techniques in terms of symptomatic improvement, recurrence and survival. Video-assisted thoracic surgery approach has been shown to result in less post-operative pain, improved cosmesis, shorter hospital stay, and more rapid recovery and return to normal activities. In over a decade, video-assisted thoracic surgery has gradually matured and is now a promising therapeutic alternative to open approach. In certain selected patients, video-assisted thoracic surgery may be considered the standard of care for conditions of the posterior mediastinum. Recent developments in robotic surgery for the management of mediastinal tumours are promising, however, long-term results are pending.     

„Fast-track-Rehabilitation“ in der Thoraxchirurgie

OBJECTIVES: "Fast-track" rehabilitation is a multimodal perioperative treatment concept for accelerating postoperative recovery which has been already used successfully in visceral surgery. Of its use in thoracic surgery however, almost no data exist and the relevance of this concept for pulmonary operations is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study we examined a new perioperative fast-track treatment concept for thoracic surgery and evaluated the results. This program employs detailed information of patients, intensive perioperative respiratory therapy, thoracic peridural analgesia, forced mobilization, and an early start of postoperative normal food intake. RESULTS: Fifty consecutive patients with benign or malignant diseases of the lung aged an average of 64 years (range 22-78) were operated on thoracoscopically (n=15) or with thoracotomy (n=35) and treated perioperatively using the fast-track program. All patients were mobilized beginning 4 h postoperatively and had normal food. The incidence of general postoperative complications was 0% in this study. Postoperative stay lasted 4.5 days (range 1.5-28.5). There was no increase in surgical complications, and 6% of the patients were readmitted. The patients' acceptance of this concept was high. CONCLUSION: Fast-track rehabilitation resulted in a decreased rate of general complications and accelerated rehabilitation in thoracic surgery.     

Successful diagnosis of diaphragmatic solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura by preoperative ultrasonography

The diaphragm is an uncommon site for solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs). Diaphragmatic SFTPs are usually found as pedunculated tumors with a clear margin with their surrounding structures. However, preoperative diagnosis of the tumor is difficult because their morphological features are not well detected on radiological images. We presented a case of diaphragmatic SFTP that was successfully diagnosed by ultrasonography (US). The US revealed a well-circumscribed mass with the feeding arteries leading from the diaphragm. Subsequently, this finding was confirmed histopathologically after resection. US can be less invasive and more sensitive than radiological examinations for diagnosing diaphragmatic SFTPs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a preoperative diagnosis of diaphragmatic SFTP by US.     

Fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodule localized with contrast media

BACKGROUND: The pulmonary nodules have become the major indication of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Recently, several preoperative or intraoperative techniques for identifying small or deeply seated pulmonary nodules have facilitated thoracoscopic resection. We describe the new technique for detecting difficult lesions. METHODS: Preoperatively, we marked the visceral pleura near the pulmonary nodules with dye, simultaneously injected contrast media (1 water-soluble Optiray [Mallinckrodt Medical Inc, Quebec, Canada], 18 barium sulfate, 11 Lipiodol [Laboratoire Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France]) into or around the nodule under computed tomography (CT) guidance. During VATS, we were able to easily and accurately detect and resect all the nodules localized with contrast media, of which the radiopacity was visualized on the portable fluoroscopic monitor. RESULTS: Between February 1996 and December 1998, we thoracoscopically resected 30 nodules in 28 patients (13 were women; age, 53 +/- 14 years). The resected nodules were 17 +/- 7.6 mm (range; 4 to 32 mm) in size, and 8.9 +/- 8 mm (range, 2 to 34 mm) in depth. The pathologic diagnosis of the nodules was benign in 20 and malignant in 10 (six primary cancers of lung and four metastatic cancers). There were only minor complications related CT localization. CONCLUSIONS: This new technique can help the surgeons detect and resect the difficult lesions with safety and rapidity by VATS without thoracotomy.     

电视胸腔镜技术在快速康复外科中的作用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术在快速康复外科中的作用。方法对308例患者行电视胸腔镜手术,选取手术时间、拔管时间、住院时间、手术切口长度、出血量等与280例开胸手术临床资料比较研究。结果308例患者中34例胸腔镜辅助小切口,4例中转开胸,共10例出现围手术期并发症,无死亡病例。结论胸腔镜手术与传统开胸手术相比,具有切口微创美观、出血量明显减少、痛苦轻、恢复快、手术时间短、手术并发症少、平均住院日短等优点,为胸内疾病开辟了新的诊疗方法。此项技术微创安全,同时符合快速康复外科的最新理念。     

Benign esophageal schwannoma compressing the trachea in pregnancy

A rare case of esophageal schwannoma compressing the trachea in pregnancy is presented. A 29-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized due to severe dyspnea. Imaging studies revealed a homogeneous tumor (8 cm in diameter) in the posterior mediastinum with compression of the lower trachea. After an uneventful cesarean section, the patient underwent a mini-axillary thoracotomy with video-assisted thoracic surgery. The tumor arose from within the muscular layers of the esophagus and was enucleated by gentle blunt dissection. Pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a benign esophageal schwannoma.     

Better pulmonary function and prognosis with video-assisted thoracic surgery than with thoracotomy

BACKGROUND: Data regarding pulmonary function and prognosis after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy are limited. METHODS: From September 1992 to April 2000, 204 video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomies were performed, and their preoperative and postoperative pulmonary function test results and prognoses were evaluated. RESULTS: The postoperative to preoperative ratio of pulmonary function tests (vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s) were better in video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy than in open thoracotomy (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate of pathologic stage I lung cancers after video-assisted thoracic surgery was 97.0%, whereas that after open thoracotomy was 78.5% (p = 0.0173; Mantel-Cox). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function and prognosis were far better after video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy than after open thoracotomy.     

Extrapleural pneumonectomy for relapsed solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura with pleural dissemination

We report a case of a 62-year-old female with a prior thoracotomy for solitary fibrous tumor of the diaphragmatic pleura. There was no clear evidence of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP). In the 19th postoperative month, she had a disseminated recurrence of SFTP in the left thoracic cavity. There was no evidence of metastasis from medical imaging. Accordingly, a left extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed a disseminated recurrence of malignant SFTP, showing a higher grade of malignancy, because the resected specimen was identical to the only section suspicious of malignancy in the previous tumor. She had no complaint and kept better performance status until the 7th postoperative month after the re-resection, when she had a recurrence in the left thoracic cavity and dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. She died of the recurrence 15 months after the re-resection and 34 months after the prior thoracotomy.