呼吸训练对稳定期COPD患者疲乏的作用

目的探讨呼吸训练对稳定期COPD患者疲乏状况的改善。方法将60例稳定期COPD患者随机分为干预组和对照组,对照组进行常规治疗及护理,干预组执行制定的呼吸训练计划运动,在干预前及干预后12周采用疲乏量表-14(Fatigue Scale-14,FS-14)、6min步行距离(6minute walk distance,6MWD)及圣.乔治呼吸问卷(St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire,SGRQ)进行评估。结果两组患者干预前的FS-14评分、6MWD及SGRQ比较均无明显差异(P>0.05);呼吸训练后干预组患者的FS-14评分、6MWD及SGRQ和对照组比较,差异均具有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论呼吸训练可有效增强患者活动耐力,缓解稳定期COPD患者的疲乏程度,提高生活质量。     

抗阻联合有氧训练对冠心病患者支架植入术后心功能、运动耐力和生活质量的影响效果

目的:探讨抗阻联合有氧运动能否改善经皮冠脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后患者心功能、运动耐力、生活质量。方法:选择符合入选标准的PCI术后患者60例,采用随机数表法将受试者随机分为混合训练组(抗阻与有氧训练相结合)、有氧训练组和对照组。三组均接受常规药物的治疗,在这基础上,混合训练组进行抗阻训练以及有氧耐力训练12月,有氧训练组进行有氧耐力训练12月,对照组进行日常生活活动。干预前和干预12月后对三组受试者进行左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、峰值功率(peak power,PP)、最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen consumption,VO2max)、运动持续时间(exercise duration,ED)、6分钟步行距离测试(6 minute’s walk test,6MWT)和SF-36生活质量量表得分进行评估和比较。结果:治疗前,3组间LVEF、PP、VO2max、ED、6MWT和SF-36生活质量量表得分各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,3组的LVEF、PP、6MWT和SF-36生活质量量表得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)组间两两比较显示:有氧训练组、混合训练组与对照组比较,LVEF、PP、6MWT和SF-36评估得分间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)混合训练组与有氧训练组比较,LVEF和PP间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),6MWT和SF-36生活质量量表得分间差异均无统计学意义。结论:对于PCI术后的冠心病患者,抗阻训练和有氧训练具有协同作用,联合治疗比单一有氧运动治疗更能改善其心功能和运动耐力,可以更好地提高患者的生活质量。     

运动训练对缓解期老年重度COPD患者肺功能和运动耐力的影响及其相关性研究*

目的：探讨运动训练对缓解期老年重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者肺功能和运动耐力的影响及二者的相关性。方法：30例缓解期老年重度COPD住院患者随机分为对照组10例,运动训练组20例。运动训练组除常规内科治疗外进行步行训练和改编的呼吸体操训练,持续训练3个月。对照组10例,给予内科常规药物治疗。训练前后分别评价运动耐力（6MWD以及记步器步数）和Borg呼吸困难评分, 同时测定肺功能。结果：COPD 患者训练前后肺功能无明显差异     

6分钟步行训练对COPD患者呼吸困难的影响

目的观察 6分钟步行训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者的呼吸困难和耐力的影响。方法 72例COPD患者随机分为对照组 3 6例和训练组 3 6例。两组常规治疗方法相同 ,训练组另加 6分钟步行训练 ,并评价训练前及训练 2个月后的呼吸困难指数和 6分钟步行最大距离进行。结果训练 2个月后在FEV1( % )、FEV 1/FVC %、心率和呼吸次数 /分钟上两组患者治疗前后、两组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而训练组在呼吸困难指数总体上得到改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6分钟步行距离增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论6分钟运动训练方法是一个COPD患者简易有效的运动训练方法。     

病程6周内脑卒中患者有氧耐力训练可行性的初步分析

目的:观察发病6周内脑卒中偏瘫患者进行有氧耐力训练时的耐受情况和训练效果。方法:37例脑卒中早期偏瘫患者分为对照组、有氧训练15min组和有氧训练30min组。有氧训练组在踏车运动试验后进行每周3次,每次15min或30min,共6周的中低强度踏车有氧耐力训练,记录患者有氧耐力训练第一周时血压、心率和心电图。记录患者在训练前后的肌张力,Fugl-Meyer运动功能,日常生活活动(ADL)能力。结果:①有氧训练两组患者均顺利完成所有训练,患者训练时血压、心率明显上升,患者在休息3min后血压、心率均明显恢复;②有氧训练两组训练后运动试验中耐受时间明显延长(P<0.05),对照组患者训练前后运动耐受时间无明显差异(P>0.05);③三组患者训练前后肌张力无明显差异(P>0.05),肢体功能和日常生活活动能力均明显提高。训练后两个有氧训练组患者肢体功能和日常生活活动能力明显高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论:脑卒中早期有氧耐力训练具有可行性。     

不同强度有氧训练对轻中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用

目的:比较不同强度有氧训练对轻中度稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺的通气功能和运动耐力的影响。方法:将60例轻中度稳定期COPD患者随机分为高强度(峰值功率的70%)有氧训练组20例、低强度(峰值功率的50%)有氧训练组20例、对照组20例,所有患者训练前后均进行心肺运动试验(CPET)评估,高强度与低强度有氧训练组均进行8周训练,每周3次,高强度训练组每次训练4组,每组以5min训练、5min休息的间歇训练模式进行,共40min。低强度训练组每次持续训练20min。结果:训练前3组间的测试持续时间、峰值功率、峰值通气量、峰值摄氧量及无氧阈均无差异(P>0.05)。训练后各指标差值(训练后-训练前)比较,3组间测试持续时间、峰值功率、峰值摄氧量的差值(训练后—训练前)两两比较均有差异(P<0.05),高强度组明显增加;对照组与低强度组间的峰值通气量(VE)差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但均与高强度组有差异(P<0.05);无氧阈值(AT)仅高强度组比对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:与低强度持续有氧训练相比,高强度间歇有氧训练可以明显提高轻中度稳定期COPD患者肺的通气功能及运动耐力。     

改良缩唇腹式呼吸训练对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐力的影响

目的 探讨改良缩唇腹式呼吸训练应用于慢性心力衰竭患者对运动耐力的影响。方法选择2020年9月—2021年8月江南大学附属医院心内科收治的慢性心力衰竭患者104例,按组间基本特征匹配原则将患者分为对照组51例和观察组53例。对照组实施常规护理干预;观察组实施改良缩唇腹式呼吸训练。比较两组干预前后6 min步行距离(6MWD)、肺功能及生活质量。结果 干预3个月后,观察组6MWD长于对照组;FEV_(1)、FVC、FEV_(1)/FVC、MVV水平均高于对照组;躯体领域、情绪领域、其他领域、生活质量总分均低于对照组;上述指标组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 改良缩唇腹式呼吸训练应用于慢性心力衰竭患者中可提高运动耐力,改善生活质量。     

肺功能训练结合营养护理对COPD稳定期患者心理状态及运动耐力的影响

目的探讨肺功能训练结合营养护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者心理状态及运动耐力的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2018年6月入该院接受治疗的94例COPD患者应用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,各47例。于患者稳定期进行对比研究,对照组进行常规护理,研究组进行肺功能训练结合营养护理。对比两组患者生活质量评分、肺功能状况、心理状况、运动耐力、最大自主分钟通气量(MMV)及呼气峰值流速(PEF)。结果干预前两组患者各项生活质量指标评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),干预护理3个月后研究组患者的各项生活质量指标评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);干预前,两组患者肺功能状况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预护理3个月后,研究组患者的肺功能状况显著优于对照组(P<0.05);干预前两组患者运动耐力、MMV及PEF比较,差异无统均计学意义(均P>0.05),干预后研究组患者的运动耐力、MMV及PEF的改善状况均优于对照组(均P<0.05);干预前两组患者心理状况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组患者焦虑抑郁评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论肺功能训练结合营养护理可以有效提升患者的生活质量,改善肺部功能,提升患者的运动耐力,缓解患者的焦虑抑郁等心理状况,促进病人机体康复,效果显著,值得推广。     

耐力训练后减量训练模型大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Ca2+的转运功能

背景:运动训练对骨骼肌超微结构的影响是运动医学中定量化的细胞生物学研究热点.目的:观察大鼠耐力训练后减量训练模型骨骼肌肌浆网的钙离子转运功能的变化.设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,动物训练于2006-04/07在西安体育学院进行,生化实验于2006-07在西安交通大学生物实验中心完成.材料:2月龄雄性健康SD大鼠39只,体质量(220±20)g.方法:5只SD大鼠用于预实验.其余大鼠随机分为正常对照组8只、耐力训练组8只、耐力减训组18只.耐力训练组和耐力减训组递增训练周期均为6周,6周后将耐力减训组根据减训周期随机分为耐力减训2周,4周,6周组.对训练大鼠采用小动物跑台进行递增耐力负荷训练,减训组采用逐渐减少运动强度训练.主要观察指标:使片j酶偶联法测定大鼠腓肠肌肌浆网Ca2 -ATPase的活性;采用荧光分光光度计测量肌浆网最大Ca2 摄取量和释放量.结果:①肌浆网SRCa2 -ATP ase活性:耐力训练组较正常对照组显著性增加(P<0.01);耐力减训2周组与耐力训练组比较基本不变(P>0.05):耐力减训4周,6周组较耐力训练组下降(P<0.01).②肌浆网SR最大Ca2 摄取和释放率:耐力训练组显著性增加(P<0.01);耐力减训2周组与耐力训练组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);耐力减训4周,6周组下降显著(P<0.01).结论:耐力训练6周后,SD大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Ca2 ATPase的活性增强,钙离子的摄取和释放率增加.减量训练2周骨骼肌肌浆网Ca2 ATPase的活性、钙离子摄取和释放率下降不明显.4周更长时间骨骼肌肌浆网Ca2 ATPase的活性及钙离子摄取和释放率下降明显.     

既病防变理论在COPD稳定期患者康复护理中的应用

目的:从起居养护(寅时养生)、六字诀呼吸操、中医适宜技术等方面研究中医既病防变理论在缓解COPD稳定期患者肺功能下降、提高生活质量、增强运动耐力等方面的作用。方法:将2014年9月~2015年9月呼吸科COPD稳定期患者61例随机分为对照组30例和研究组31例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上增加起居养护(寅时养生)、六字诀呼吸操、中医适宜技术等中医护理措施。两组干预时间均为3个月。比较两组患者干预前后肺功能、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、生命质量量表(SGRQ)等指标变化。结果:干预后研究组PEF、FEV1、6MWD均优于对照组,SGRQ中各项目得分均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:以既病防变理论为指导,建立COPD稳定期康复和预防复发的全过程、多层次的具有中医药特色的护理养生理论体系能一定程度改善COPD稳定期患者肺功能,缓解呼吸困难、提高运动耐力和呼吸耐力,从而最终提高患者生命质量。     

Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens

A common belief among many clinicians and trainers is that intensive simultaneous training for muscle strength and cardiovascular endurance is counterproductive. To test this premise, 14 healthy, untrained men trained four days per week for 20 weeks on a bicycle ergometer for endurance (END Group, n = 4), on an isokinetic device for increased torque production (ITP Group, n = 5), or on both devices (COMBO Group, n = 5). The ITP and COMBO groups had equal torque gains throughout the study (234 +/- 45 and 232 +/- 23 N.m, respectively). After 11 weeks, both END and COMBO groups had similar gains in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute). During the last half of the study, however, the END Group had a significant gain in VO2max (p less than .05) of 4.7 +/- 1.2 mL.kg-1.min-1, whereas the COMBO Group had a nonsignificant gain (p greater than .05) of 1.8 +/- 0.6 mL.kg-1.min-1. In harmony with this finding, the END Group showed a significant increase (p less than .05) in citrate synthase activity (15.5 +/- 7.9 mumol.g-1.min-1), whereas the COMBO Group had no significant increase. The authors concluded that simultaneous training may inhibit the normal adaptation to either training program when performed alone. The extent of the interference probably depends on the nature and intensity of the individual training program. [Nelson AG, Arnall DA, Loy SF, et al: Consequences of combining strength and endurance training regimens.     

Muscle training: physiology and practical applications of training for strength versus endurance

An understanding of the physiology of muscle training can help the athlete, trainer, or therapist make specific improvements in athletic performance. Different metabolic pathways of muscle contraction predominate depending upon the type of work performed. Two anaerobic pathways provide energy for fast, powerful contractions while aerobic metabolism fuels sustained muscular endurance activities. Two types of human muscle fibers have been identified. Selective training of the different muscle fiber types can enhance performance in a particular sport.     

Effects of ischemic training on leg exercise endurance

This study tested whether ischemic exercise training (Tr(IS+EX)) would increase endurance of ischemic (Ex(IS)) and ramp exercise (Ex(RA)) knee-extension tests more than exercise training (Tr(EX)) alone. Ten healthy subjects performed pre- and posttraining tests with each leg. For Ex(RA), after subjects warmed up, a weight was added each minute until they were exhausted. Ex(IS) was similar, but after warm-up, we inflated a thigh cuff to 150 mmHg instead of adding weights. One leg was chosen for Tr(IS+EX) (cuff inflated to 150 mmHg during exercise) and the other for Tr(EX), both with a small weight on each leg, four to six times per daily session for 3 to 5 min each, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Ex(IS) duration increased 120% more (p = 0.002) in the Tr(IS+EX) leg than in the contralateral Tr(EX) leg, whereas Ex(RA) duration increased only 16% (nonsignificant). Tr(IS+EX )and Tr(EX) significantly attenuated the ventilation increase (ergoreflex) during Ex(IS). TheO(2) debt for Ex(IS )was significantly lower and systolic blood pressure recovery was faster after Tr(IS+EX) than after Tr(EX). Heart rate recovery after Ex(RA )andEx(IS )was faster after Tr(IS+EX). Apparently, Tr(IS+EX) with low-intensity resistance increases exercise endurance and attenuates the ergoreflex and therefore may be a useful tool to increase regional muscle endurance to improve systemic exercise capacity in patients.     

觉知训练对参与者疼痛忍耐度的影响

背景:基于接纳和觉知的疗法被誉为心理疗法的"第三潮",该类方法可以显著改善慢性疼痛患者的机体功能和社会功能,减少疼痛对患者生活的影响.目前此类方法对实验室诱发的急性疼痛的干预虽显示出一些积极的效果,但还存在争论.目的:探索觉知训练对健康大学生对实验室诱发的急性疼痛的主观感受、忍耐度,及体验疼痛时心率变化的干预效果.方法:训练组为自愿参加实验的8名首都师范大学学生,对照组为某心理学选修班的7名大学生.对训练组进行8周的觉知训练,在训练前、后采用觉知五因素量表测量训练组和对照组的觉知度,并记录两组冷压实验中的疼痛阈限、疼痛忍耐时间、对疼痛强度的主观评价及心率变化.结果与结论:用非参检验对实验数据进行分析发现,只有训练组在经觉知训练后,觉知五因素量表得分(Z=-2.366;P＜0.05)和疼痛忍耐度(Z=2.117;P＜0.05)显著提高;训练组和对照组的疼痛阈限、疼痛的主观评价和心率指标前、后测差异均无显著性意义(P＞0.05).说明觉知训练可在主观疼痛程度不变的情况下增加参与者对急性疼痛的忍耐度,但对应对疼痛时的心率无显著性影响.     

Effects of endurance training on heart rate and blood pressure variability

Purpose: To study the influences of a 1‐year controlled, randomized endurance exercise training period on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure variability in a representative sample of Finnish men in their late middle age. Methods and results: Subjects were 140 sedentary men aged 53–63 years. The men were randomized into two identical groups: an intervention (EX) and a reference (CO) group. One hundred and twelve of them remained in the final analysis (EX: n=59, CO: n=53). EX trained for 30–60 min three to five times a week with the intensity of 40–60% of maximal oxygen consumption. In EX, 1 year of regular exercise training increased oxygen consumption at respiratory compensation threshold by 11% (P ≤ 0·001) in a maximal cardiorespiratory test. Total power and very low frequency power of R–R interval variability (ms²) tended to increase in the EX group by 26 and 42% and to decrease in the CO group by 13 and 10% (interaction P<0·05 and P<0·01), respectively. There were no significant changes in blood pressure variability. Conclusion: Regular low‐ to moderate‐intensity exercise training could retard the decli‐ning tendency in cardiac autonomic nervous function in older men during 1 year.     

最大摄氧量在耐力运动训练中的变化

学术背景:最大摄氧量通常被认为是决定中长跑和长跑成绩的一个重要的生理学参数.近年来研究结果显示运动强度可能在提高最大摄氧量扮演着重要的作用.目的:就运动强度与最大摄氧量及运动强度诱导的肌体适应机制相关研究做一综述.检索策略:应用计算机检索http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov网站1979-01/2007-07期间的相关文章,检索词为:“training intensity,maximal oxygen uptake“,限定文章语言种类为English.在检索336篇文献中,含有运动强度与最大摄氧量,运动强度诱导的肌体适应机制等内容文献126篇.文献评价:在126篇文献中,保留近年相关文献31篇文献做进一步分析,其中人体实验21篇,综述、述评、讲座类文献10篇.资料综合:①训练强度在40%～50%最大摄氧量可提高无训者最大摄氧量.②较小的运动强度能够提高最大摄氧量主要取决于起始最大摄氧量.③优秀耐力运动员需要采用高百分比最大摄氧量来提高最大摄氧量.④耐力训练诱导的肌形态的改变,每博输出量的增加,骨骼肌毛细血管增加,肌红蛋白蛋白含量增加,以及Ⅱ型肌纤维抗氧化能力的提高和最大摄氧量增加相关.结论:研究结果显示在95%～100%最大摄氧量运动强度进行训练可有效提高运动者的最大摄氧量.训练强度诱导耐力运动最大摄氧量变化与最大心输出量和最大动静脉氧差有关.     

Effects of strength and endurance training on muscle fibrecharacteristics in elderly women

The effects of 18weeks’ intensive strength and endurance training on fibre characteristics of the vastuslateralis muscle were studied in 76- to 78-year-old women. Type I and type IIa fibresconstituted over 90% of the cell population and were almost equally represented. Nochanges were observed in the proportions of the different fibre types. When comparing thebaseline and the 18-week measurements within the groups, the strength group showed a meanincrease of 34% (P=0·028) in mean type I fibre area. Thefrequency histograms showed an increased proportion of larger type I fibres after strengthtraining and a decreased proportion of smaller type IIa fibres after endurance training. In thecontrol subjects, the proportion of smaller type I and type IIa fibres increased during theexperimental period. The results indicate that intensive strength training induces type I fibrehypertrophy, whereas the effects of endurance training are less evident. The considerablevariation found in the change in muscle fibre cross-sectional areas is also noteworthy.     

The effects of kettlebell training on strength,power, and endurance

Abstract

Background:

Kettlebell training is becoming increasingly popular but there is limited evidence to compare kettlebell training’s effects on strength, power, and endurance compared to traditional resistance or plyometric training. The popularity of kettlebell training appears to be based on anecdotal reports rather than on scientific evidence supporting training effects.

Objective:

To systematically review the effects of kettlebell training on strength, power, and endurance. The systematic review will also examine any adverse events associated with kettlebell training.

Methods:

A systematic review of literature indexed in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, ProQuest, PEDro, and PubMed, was conducted. The quality of the studies was graded using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale (PEDro).

Results:

Five studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The populations studied age range was 18–72 years old. Methodological scores based on the PEDro scale ranged from 3 to 7 out of 10. Kettlebell training demonstrated improvements for a number of strength measures: time×group for bench press (P<0·05) and back extension (P<0·053), main effect for clean and jerk (P<0·05) and certain power measures such as improved explosive strength comparable to a jump squat control (19·8% increase). Improved postural control was demonstrated in one study (P?=?0·04). Kettlebell training did not have an effect on aerobic endurance as measured by VO₂ max. No adverse events were reported in any of these studies.

Conclusions:

Moderate evidence indicates that kettlebell training may be safe and effective for increasing certain functional strength and power measures and may show positive results with postural control in young, healthy populations. Kettlebell training has not been found to be efficacious in increasing aerobic endurance.