健康老年人生长激素分泌的变化及重组人生长激素应用的研究

重组人生长激素自问世以来,被广泛用于儿童及成人生长激素缺乏症的治疗,但在老年人中作为抗衰老治疗的手段仍存在较大的争议。健康老年人生长激素分泌随增龄而逐渐下降,存在生长激素相对不足的状态,重组人生长激素应用可改善老年人的身体成分,但还没有充足证据证实生长激素治疗可改善老年人的整体机能和提高骨密度及降低血脂,也无证据支持重组人生长激素治疗可延长寿命。重组人生长激素应用会引发较多的副反应,且有潜在致恶性肿瘤的风险,目前并不建议健康老年人使用生长激素。     

生长激素抗衰老作用的研究进展

本文综述老年人生长激素分泌减少的实验证据、原因、与衰老的关系,以及用生长激素和提高生长激素水平的药物抗衰老的初步临床效果.作者指出,应用药物提高老年人生长激素水平,可能是一条有希望的抗衰老途径.     

生长激素与抗衰老

抗衰老药物一直是人类渴望的药物,近年美国等西方国家用生长激素(GH)等类药物在老年人中进行了抗衰老的探索,现概述如下: 生长激素的分泌生长激素来自脑垂体的分泌,为由191个氨基酸组成的多肽链,结构颇似胎盘的催乳质(lactogen)。在垂体内含有3～5mg,每天分泌量约为500～875μg,血浆半衰期为20～30分钟。虽然生长激素的     

成人生长激素缺乏症的诊断和治疗

成人生长激素缺乏症(AGHD)是一组临床表现多样的综合征,可表现为身体组分的改变,糖、脂、骨代谢异常,心血管疾病及骨折风险增加,生活质量下降等.诊断主要依据临床病史特征以及生长激素激发试验.重组人生长激素( rhGH)替代治疗可以明显改善患者的身体组分、异常代谢状态,降低心血管风险因素,提高其生活质量.     

重组人生长激素联合雌激素在Turner综合征中的治疗进展

Turner综合征是由X染色体数量和结构异常导致的一种常见性染色体相关疾病,矮身材及性腺发育不良是其最主要的两大临床表现,同时有多器官、组织受累.重组人生长激素(rhGH)和雌激素分别用于改善患者矮身材和性腺发育不良,在临床中应用广泛.近年来研究认为,在儿童早期给予rhGH联合小剂量雌激素可用于Tuner综合征的治疗.     

胃肠外科手术后应用生长激素29例

生长激素是垂体分泌的一种191个氨基酸残基组成的促生长蛋白质激素,先天性缺乏时可引起儿童侏儒症,早期主要用于治疗儿童生长激素缺乏性侏儒症的替代治疗[1].因其具有促进蛋白质合成、加速患者康复的作用,近年来也用于烧伤、透析、外科手术等的支持治疗,取得了良好效果[2,3].笔者观察生长激素对胃肠外科手术患者术后健康恢复的促进效果.     

rhGH与烧伤

脑垂体具有分泌多种激素的功能,是机体内分泌活动的调控中枢,其生长激素细胞所分泌的生长激素(GH),对体内蛋白质、糖和脂肪代谢起着重要作用。最初,生长激素用于治疗侏儒症,用于烧伤治疗则时间较短。重组人生长激素(rhGH)的问世且广泛应用,可促进生长发育,纠正蛋白质分解代谢,用于严重创伤。从九十年代初,rhGH亦被逐渐应用于烧伤治疗。1 rhGH促进创面意台,降低病死率1.1 rhGH的临床应用效果 Herndon DN对40例烧伤(TBSA)大于40％以上的儿童,接受rhGH治疗后,供皮区的     

心理应激和衰老机制研究进展

衰老和抗衰老一直以来是研究的热点,由于衰老受多种因素的影响,因而其机制也极为复杂,其中衰老的基因学说、自由基学说、端粒学说等已被公认.目前研究发现心理应激和衰老有着密切的关系,心理应激通过生物机制加快了机体的衰老,这为进一步加深对衰老机制的认识提供了新的思路.     

重组人生长激素（r—hGH）治疗慢性肝病的研究现状

重组人生长激素低蛋白血症胰岛素样生长因子-1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3、生长激素(GH)是20世纪20年代发现的由人垂体前叶嗜酸细胞分泌的重要激素。1957年Ro．ben首次从人尸体中分离出人生长激素(hGH)并用于治疗垂体性侏儒症。1985年应用基因工程技术合成的大肠杆菌源性重组人生长激素(r—hGH)，开始替代治疗蛋白质分解代谢的有关疾病(如手术、创伤、烧伤后高代谢状态)。     

衰老定义及学说某些研究进展

近年来对某些衰老学说及相关问题有新的论述,我们考虑结合衰老定义探讨衰老学说的某些研究进展,将有助于从宏观方面研究衰老与衰老相关的增龄性疾病发病机制、抗衰老以及某些老年病的防治.首先想指出2014年Moskalev[1]在英国细胞周期杂志上综述衰老及寿限的遗传学与表观遗传学（genetics and epigenetics）研究进展.提及衰老的进化性学说,指出寿限保险基因（废弃体细胞学说,disposable soma theory）.     

Hormontherapie und Anti-Aging

The desire for a long life is deeply embedded in nearly all men. Fortunately life expectancy has remarkably increased over the past decades, on the other hand advancing age is frequently associated with a rise in morbidity. Above simply prolonging life there is a need to search for strategies to improve the quality of life in the elderly. Different substances to prevent premature aging, cancer and degenerative disorders appear to be promising candidates. Since it has been suggested that the decline of different hormones over the lifespan is closely related to the aging process replacement of these hormones may be a strategy against aging. Especially hormones like growth hormone, DHEA, testosterone and melatonin were considered as anti-aging agents. This review is focusing on the theoretical background and the previously known effects of different hormones to slow aging processes. Despite some promising results in a variety of studies conducted over the past years presently available data do not justify the broad use of hormones for anti-aging purposes. However, although no single hormone can be recognized as a ‘rejuvenating’ and life extending agent, some of their actions may be beneficial for the aging process.     

Hormone therapy and anti-aging: is there an indication?

The desire for a long life is deeply embedded in nearly all men. Fortunately life expectancy has remarkably increased over the past decades, on the other hand advancing age is frequently associated with a rise in morbidity. Above simply prolonging life there is a need to search for strategies to improve the quality of life in the elderly. Different substances to prevent premature aging, cancer and degenerative disorders appear to be promising candidates. Since it has been suggested that the decline of different hormones over the lifespan is closely related to the aging process replacement of these hormones may be a strategy against aging. Especially hormones like growth hormone, DHEA, testosterone and melatonin were considered as anti-aging agents.This review is focusing on the theoretical background and the previously known effects of different hormones to slow aging processes. Despite some promising results in a variety of studies conducted over the past years presently available data do not justify the broad use of hormones for anti-aging purposes. However, although no single hormone can be recognized as a 'rejuvenating' and life extending agent, some of their actions may be beneficial for the aging process.     

Anti-aging medicine. What makes it different from geriatrics?

The growth in popularity of so-called "anti-aging" medicine challenges physicians to examine their attitudes about aging. Does one define aging as a predisposition to pathology or as part of the life cycle? Is longevity without the chronic diseases associated with aging a realistic goal? Anti-aging modalities being prescribed by some practitioners include hormone replacement therapies, vitamin and mineral supplements, diet, and exercise. Although diet, exercise, and some vitamin and mineral supplements are well-recognized as preventive measures, unproven hormone, mega-vitamin, and herbal therapies are controversial. Both the patient and the physician bring biases and values to the discussion of anti-aging medicine, and that combination will influence the treatment decisions.     

Anti-aging quackery: human growth hormone and tricks of the trade--more dangerous than ever

To assess the presence of quackery in the anti-aging industry, the Internet was surveyed for web sites marketing anti-aging products as well as those providing consumer advice regarding quackery and hucksterism. The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and its amendments were reviewed, particularly as they pertain to dietary supplements and human growth hormone. Anti-aging quackery and hucksterism are pervasive on the Internet and in clinics advertising anti-aging treatments. Review of the marketing techniques of the industry revealed 15 common ruses used by many in the industry to market their products. Federal law states that distributing or administering human growth hormone for anti-aging or age-related problems is illegal. Nonetheless, anti-aging clinics thrive, administering human growth hormone to thousands of gullible and oftentimes vulnerable patients. Anti-aging quackery has become a multimillion dollar industry exacting great monetary, health, and social costs. Consumers and health care providers alike are wise to educate themselves on how to recognize quackery. Congress must reassess the wisdom of the 1994 Dietary Supplements Health and Education Act, which facilitates and, in numerous cases, endangers Americans on a grand scale. In the case of some substances such as human growth hormone, adequate legal safeguards are impotent without adequate resources allocated to enforcement agencies.     

Legal issues associated with the current and future practice of anti-aging medicine

This article addresses legal issues and laws that govern physicians, medications, drugs, and the safety of patients in age management and anti-aging medical practices. Age management programs continue to increase and attract more patients despite the lack of scientific proof of their medical benefits. The use of growth hormone, other medications, and supplements is widely reported, although prohibited by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of anti-aging. The categories of potential legal liability presented in this article include False Expectations, Fraud, Negligence-Malpractice, Warranty Issues, Product Liability, Human Growth Hormone Usage, and Agency (employee) Issues. This article attempts to identify potential areas of liability for the age management practitioner and the patient seeking such care.     

Aging and anti-aging effects of hormones

Hormones can promote or inhibit aging depending on the experimental conditions employed. The aging effects of hormones are demonstrated by reducing hormone secretion by hypophysectomy or chronic underfeeding in young or mature rats. These result in depressing whole body metabolism, growth, body temperature and blood glucose levels, heart rate and vital capacity, gene expression, etc., but delaying aging of tissues, suppressing development of pathology and tumors, and, in underfed rats, prolonging life span. The anti-aging effects of hormones are demonstrated by elevating hormone levels in old rats whose hormones have declined as a result of dysfunctions that develop in the neuroendocrine system with age. An increase of hormones in these rats promotes gene expression, elevates protein synthesis, and enhances metabolism, growth, and function of stimulated organs and tissues.     

Growth hormone and aging

The potential usefulness of growth hormone (GH) as an anti-aging therapy is of considerable current interest. Secretion of GH normally declines during aging and administration of GH can reverse age-related changes in body composition. However, mutant dwarf mice with congenital GH deficiency and GH resistant GH-R-KO mice live much longer than their normal siblings, while a pathological elevation of GH levels reduces life expectancy in both mice and men. We propose that the actions of GH on growth, development, and adult body size may serve as important determinants of aging and life span, while the age-related decline in GH levels contributes to some of the symptoms of aging.     

Growth hormone replacement throughout life: insights into age-related responses to treatment.

The adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) syndrome is a well-defined clinical entity. Although the symptoms of GHD are not age specific, their relative importance differs depending on the patient's age, and the impact of GHD varies throughout adult life. Ceasing growth hormone (GH) therapy soon after final height in patients with severe GHD potentially limits somatic development by reducing accrual of bone and muscle mass. It is now recognized that the continuation of GH therapy in the transition years is required to achieve adult levels of somatic development. In middle age, the most worrying feature of GHD is the increase in cardiovascular risk, an important component of which is GHD-related dyslipidemia. One of the most profound effects of GH therapy in this age group is the durable reduction in cholesterol levels. Elderly GH-deficient patients experience the symptoms of GHD over and above the signs of normal aging. Perhaps most importantly, these patients have impaired quality of life, with fatigue as a major component. Evidence is growing for improved quality of life with GH therapy in the elderly. This review describes the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of GHD specific to the different age groups.     

Growth hormone and aging: A challenging controversy

Although advanced age or symptoms of aging are not among approved indications for growth hormone (GH) therapy, recombinant human GH (rhGH) and various GH-related products are aggressively promoted as anti-aging therapies. Well-controlled studies of the effects of rhGH treatment in endocrinologically normal elderly subjects report some improvements in body composition and a number of undesirable side effects in sharp contrast to major benefits of GH therapy in patients with GH deficiency. Controversies surrounding the potential utility of GH in treatment of a geriatric patient are fueled by increasing evidence linking GH and cancer and by remarkably increased lifespan of GH-resistant and GH-deficient mice. Conservation of cellular signaling mechanisms that influence aging in organisms ranging from worms to mammals suggests that at least some of the results obtained in mutant mice are applicable to the human. We suggest that the normal, physiological functions of GH in promoting growth, sexual maturation and fecundity involve significant costs in terms of aging and life expectancy. Natural decline in GH levels during aging likely contributes to concomitant alterations in body composition and vigor but also may be offering important protection from cancer and other age-associated diseases.