171株小肠结肠耶尔森菌的病原学特征

目的研究徐州地区分离的171株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(Yersinia enterocolitica,Y.e)的病原学特征及其动态变化。方法通过血清学分型,生物分型,毒力基因检测,分析不同时代分离株的致病性。通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析Y.e的分子流行病学特征。结果不同时代分离株的优势型别始终为O:3血清型。非致病菌型是近年分离的Y.e菌株的优势菌型。O:3血清型菌株其狗源株和人源株的PFGE带型完全相同。结论不同时代分离菌株的毒力分布特征发生了很大的变迁,O:3血清型菌株流行比较稳定,菌株变异较小。     

171株小肠结肠耶尔森菌的病原学特征

目的研究徐州地区分离的171株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(Yersinia enterocolitica,Y.e)的病原学特征及其动态变化。方法通过血清学分型,生物分型,毒力基因检测,分析不同时代分离株的致病性。通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析Y.e的分子流行病学特征。结果不同时代分离株的优势型别始终为O:3血清型。非致病菌型是近年分离的Y.e菌株的优势菌型。O:3血清型菌株其狗源株和人源株的PFGE带型完全相同。结论不同时代分离菌株的毒力分布特征发生了很大的变迁,O:3血清型菌株流行比较稳定,菌株变异较小。     

1株与福氏志贺菌Y变种交叉凝集的摩根摩根菌鉴定结果

目的：分析研究摩根摩根菌与福氏志贺菌Y变种的生物学关系,以避免志贺菌的误诊。方法分离培养后,结合形态学、血清学及生化试验确定检验结果。结果该菌株与福氏志贺菌Y变种发生交叉凝集,根据形态学、生化试验确定为摩根摩根菌。结论摩根摩根菌与福氏志贺菌Y变种存在共同抗原。     

ATBG-5肠杆菌药敏条对超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检测分析

目的了解ATB xpression全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析仪检测大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌和胸水培养中分离的奇异变形杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的可靠性。方法同时应用CLSI推荐的纸片扩散确证法和ATB Expression全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析仪对临床标本分离的140株大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌和胸水培养中分离的奇异变形杆菌进行ESBLs检测。结果仪器法、确证法检测ESBLs菌株阳性率分别为39．2％、37．9％;仪器法检测ESLBs的灵敏度和特异性分别为98．2％、100％。结论ATB Expression ATBG-5肠杆菌药敏条分析是检测ESBLs准确快速的检测方法,ATB Expression全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析仪高级专家系统的ESLBs判定结果准确可靠。     

自身淬灭荧光技术定量检测临床分离的淋病奈瑟菌DNA

目的 探讨自身淬灭荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测临床分离的淋病奈瑟菌DNA的临床应用价值。方法 以建立的淋病奈瑟菌自身淬灭FQ-PCR方法为基础，对59例疑为淋病奈瑟菌感染患者的标本进行检测，并与分离培养法进行分析比较。结果自身淬灭FQ-PCR标准品浓度为10^2～10^7拷贝／μ时，方法能够保持良好的线性关系，标准曲线为：Y=-0．273X＋10．781，相关系数为0．9895。自身淬灭FQ-PCR阳性检出率为64．41％，高于培养法52．54％（χ^2=5．14，P〈0．05）；两者特异性均为100％。结论 自身淬灭FQ-PCR用于临床分离的淋病奈瑟菌DNA检测，敏感性、特异性均高，对淋病的诊断有较高价值，实现了PCR扩增、荧光探针杂交及检测一体化，简便省时。     

用脱纤维人血水代替冻溶羊血培养淋病奈瑟菌现场效果考核

[目的] 为分离培养N.gonrrhoeae(淋病奈瑟菌)寻找一条便捷的血源途径.[方法] 用脱纤维巧克力人血水和冻溶羊血制成两种巧克力培养基分别对100例可疑淋病标本进行分离培养,对两者在淋病奈瑟菌阳性培养率,生长情况及生物学状态进行比较.[结果] 淋病奈瑟菌在两种培养基上生长情况及生物学状态基本一致,阳检率无明显差异:人血巧克力培养基阳性率33%,冻溶羊血培养基上阳性率为34%(P＞0.05).[结论] 人血水巧克力培养基可作为淋病奈瑟菌分离培养.     

乳粉中克雷伯菌检测方法的研究

目的：建立一种快速、简便的乳粉中克雷伯菌检测方法。方法：通过对不同增菌液及分离培养基的试验比较，确定乳粉中克雷伯菌检测的增菌液及分离培养基。结果：添菌试验表明．灭菌蒸馏水和缓冲蛋白胨水作为检测的预增菌液，增菌效果没有显著性差异；33株参考菌株菌落形态观察、灵敏性及特异性试验表明分离效果最好的是麦康凯肌醇阿东醇羧苄青霉素培养基（MIAC）。结论：推荐采用灭菌蒸馏水作为检测的预增菌液，MIAC为分离培养基，API20E生化鉴定卡或VITEK进行生化鉴定。     

一起介水传播伤寒沙门菌疫情中3种水样前处理方法的初步应用分析

目的 对2022年北京市某区一起伤寒沙门菌疫情中涉及的饮用水样本,进行3种样本前处理方法的比较,为水样本伤寒沙门菌的检测处理提供参考。方法 采集公寓楼供水管道5个位点的水样本各125 L,分别采用浓缩培养基直接增菌法、微生物快速富集法及微生物快速富集联合增菌法进行水样本前处理,然后提取核酸,采用肠道病原体微流体芯片进行初步筛查,初筛阳性样本再采用伤寒沙门菌实时荧光定量PCR方法进行复核,并同时将阳性样本接种于选择性培养基,将分离到的菌株与病人分离的伤寒沙门菌进行病原学分析。结果 采用浓缩培养基直接增菌法处理的2号水样本检测到伤寒沙门菌,且测序分析结果与病人分离菌株一致;采用微生物快速富集法处理的2号和3号水样本,检测到除伤寒沙门菌之外的其他肠道病毒和寄生虫;采用微生物快速富集联合增菌法处理的水样本未检测到肠道病原体。结论 本次疫情处理过程中,采用浓缩培养基直接增菌法能更好地检测到水体中的伤寒沙门菌。     

部分海产品携带致病性孤菌情况调查

目的：调查分析贝（甲）壳类海产品携带致病性孤菌情况。方法：采用直接分离和增菌后分离两种分离方法对162份海产品进行检测。结果：检出8种致病弧菌361株，检出率依次为副溶血性孤菌50．4％、溶藻孤菌21．6％、非O－I群霍乱孤菌15．2％、拟态孤菌5．8％、河孤菌3．9％、创伤孤菌1．4％、费尼斯孤菌1．1％和海鱼孤菌0．6％，未检出霍乱孤菌。结论：贝（甲）壳类海产品携带致病性弧菌普遍且具种别多样性，不宜生食或半生食；同时应用两种分离方法能较全面地反映贝（甲）壳类海产品的致病性孤菌携带情况。     

印度鱼、肉及肉制品中肠炎耶尔森氏菌及其相关菌的分离与鉴定

译者说明:由于本文报道对耶尔森氏菌的分离及鉴定,试验周祥,程序简单实用,可供参考。所以节译出其分离鉴定部分。1 材料与方法1.1 菌种:肠炎耶尔森氏菌F.5692菌株来自Gilber博士(英国伦敦公共健康实验所);Y.133:O8菌株来自Hilchins博士(美国FDA),供比较生化特     

福建闽江细菌种类及分布的调查

目的：了解福建闽江江水细菌的种类及分布情况。方法：采集闽江不同水域的水样,经增菌培养、细菌分离,进行细菌学鉴定。结果：从闽江中分离出细菌320株,其中肠杆菌科细菌189株（59.1%）,弧菌科细菌41株（12.8%）,非发酵菌35株（10.9%）,革兰阳性杆菌29株（9.1%）,革兰阳性球菌26株（8.1%）。结论：闽江细菌种类多、分布广泛,此项调查对于该水域细菌感染的防治具有重要意义。     

生活污水中反硝化细菌的分离及其营养盐的去除性能研究

目的分离、筛选去除营养盐的高效菌,并研究其生长特性和除污性能。方法采用富集培养、硅胶平板分离的方法,经过多次分离纯化,得到一纯反硝化菌株,并研究了其反硝化强度和生长规律。将分离纯化的反硝化细菌富集培养后进行除污试验,探讨其不同浓度的除污效果。结果筛选的菌株具有一定的脱氮除磷能力,反硝化强度为63.21%,通过对该菌株在培养过程中光密度的测定,进一步研究了生长规律:在2～5天,活菌数迅速提高,处于对数生长期,在5～7天,处于稳定期。利用不同投加量的反硝化细菌对生活污水进行处理,当投加量为100mg/L时,处理效果最好,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的去除率最大可达76.2%、93.8%。结论从生活污水沉积物中分离出的反硝化菌株具有较好的脱氮除磷效果,为富营养化水体的脱氮除磷性能和相关污水的生物处理提供了微生物基础。     

Isolation of Yersinia, campylobacter, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas from environmental water and fresh water fishes]

Yersinia, Campylobacter, Plesiomonas and Aeromonas are known causative agents in waterborne diseases. For about 10 years, outbreak of diarrhea has been observed, especially among children, in the mountain areas of Okayama. Y. pseudotuberculosis recently isolated from non-chlorinated drinking water sources such as mountain streams and wells has been suspected to be the causative bacteria of the disease. Attempts were made to isolate Yersinia and Campylobacter from water samples from rivers in rural areas and Plesiomonas and Aeromonas from samples of well water and fresh water fishes in Okayama prefecture from 1987 to 1990. The isolation rate of Yersinia from river water samples was 7.5% with a higher rate in the mountain areas than in the nonmountain areas. While Y. enterocolitica was isolated throughout the year, Y. pseudotuberculosis was only seen during the winter. Various serogroups including human types of Y. enterocolitica and serogroup 2B, 4A and UT of Y. pseudotuberculosis were detected. Campylobacter was isolated from 0.5% of river water samples. Plesiomonas from 1.5% of fresh water fishes, and Aeromonas was isolated from 6.9% of well water samples and 47.1% of fresh water fishes.     

一株沼泽红假单胞菌VOTO1-G的分离鉴定及应用研究

目的分离、筛选去除富营养化水体营养盐的高效菌株。方法采用富集、培养常规细菌分离方法,经过多次分离纯化,从河流沉积物中筛选出1株光合细菌菌株,命名为VOTO1-G。在研究其生长规律的基础上,采用分子生物学方法对该菌株进行了鉴定。将分离纯化的光合细菌富集培养后进行除污试验,探讨其不同浓度的除污效果。结果通过形态学、革兰染色、并结合16S rDNA序列同源性分析,其鉴定结果为沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)。通过对该菌株在培养过程中吸光度的测定,进一步研究了其生长规律:在5～10天,活菌数迅速增加,处于对数生长期,在10～14天,处于稳定期。利用不同投加量的沼泽红假单胞菌对富营养化河流水体进行处理研究,筛选的菌株具有一定的脱氮除磷、去除有机物的能力。COD、TP、TN的去除率分别为12%、25%、13%。结论从河流沉积物中分离出的沼泽红假单胞菌具有一定的脱氮除磷、去除有机物的能力。     

Distribution of vibrio species isolated from aquatic environments with TCBS agar

Environmental bacteria grown on TCBS agar plates (TCBS strains) were investigated for the presence ofVibrio cholerae in aquatic environments. TCBS strain counts were 0.01 – 0.001 times the total viable counts in pairs of the same samples. The TCBS strains were of two types which required N_aCl (salt strain) and did not require N_aCl (non-salt strain) to grow in peptone water. Non-salt strains made up 85.3 – 92.1% of TCBS strains isolated from river water. TCBS strains isolated from an estuary contained 40.9% of non-salt strains and 57.4% of salt strains. Salt strains made up 69.2 – 86.8% of TCBS strains isolated from seawater. The percentages ofVibrio species in TCBS strains were 11.9 – 47.9%. V.alginolyticus andV. parahaemolyticus were isolated from seawater.V. vulnificus was only isolated from estuary water.V. cholerae non-Ol was isolated from both river water and estuary water which had low salinity.V. fluvialis was isolated from all three aquatic environments. This investigation suggests thatVibrio species were present in each sample station and thatV. cholerae existed in river water.     

Arsenic Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic Contaminated River in the Atacama Desert (Chile)

In this study, arsenic resistant bacteria were isolated from sediments of an arsenic contaminated river. Arsenic tolerance of bacteria isolated was carried out by serial dilution on agar plate. Redox abilities were investigated using KMnO4. arsC and aox genes were detected by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Bacterial populations were identified by RapID system. Forty nine bacterial strains were isolated, of these, 55 % corresponded to the reducing bacteria, 4% to oxidizing bacteria, 8% presented both activities and in 33% of the bacteria none activity was detected. arsC gene was detected in 11 strains and aox genes were not detected. The activity of arsenic transforming microorganisms in river sediment has significant implications for the behavior of the metalloid.     

Bisphenol a degradation by bacteria isolated from river water

Recently, there is increasing interest in the microbial degradation of endocrine disruptors. This study was conducted to show the isolation and property of bacteria having bisphenol A (BPA) biodegradability in river water and to identify the difference of BPA degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Three river water samples spiked with BPA (1 mg/L) were rapidly degraded under aerobic conditions. The half-life for BPA degradation ranged from 2 to 3 days, and BPA was below detection limit (less than 0.005 mg/L) on the 10th day. But a decrease of BPA under anaerobic conditions was hardly identified at 30°C for 10 days (less than 10%). Also, most bacteria (10 out of 11) isolated from three river waters had BPA biodegradability, but there were differences in removal rates of BPA (18% to 91%). Moreover, two strains that had high BPA biodegradability (about 90%) were identified as a Pseudomonas sp. and a Pseudomonas putida strain. Received: 14 November 2001/Accepted: 11 March 2002     

Volatile organic compounds of the tap water in the Watarase, Tone and Edo River system

OBJECTIVES: The chlorination of river water in purification plants is known to produce carcinogens such as trihalomethanes (THMs). We studied the river system of the Watarase, Tone, and Edo Rivers in regard to the formation of THMs. This river system starts from the base of the Ashio copper mine and ends at Tokyo Bay. Along the rivers, there are 14 local municipalities in Gunma, Saitama, Ibaragi and Chiba Prefectures, as well as Tokyo. This area is the center of the Kanto plain and includes the main sources of water pollution from human activities. We also analyzed various chemicals in river water and tap water to clarify the status of the water environment, and we outline the problems of the water environment in the research area (Fig. 1). METHODS: Water samples were taken from 18 river sites and 42 water faucets at public facilities in 14 local municipalities. We analyzed samples for volatile organic compounds such as THMs, by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and evaluations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were made with reference to Japanese drinking water quality standards. RESULTS: Concentrations of THMs in the downstream tap water samples were higher than those in the samples from the upperstream. This tendency was similar to the COD of the river water samples, but no correlation between the concentration of THMs in tap water and the COD in tap water sources was found. In tap water of local government C, trichloroethylene was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that the present water filtration plant procedures are not sufficient to remove some hazardous chemicals from the source water. Moreover, it was confirmed that the water filtration produced THMs. Also, trichloroethylene was detected from the water environment in the research area, suggesting that pollution of the water environment continues.     

A survey of Plesiomonas shigelloides from aquatic environments, domestic animals, pets and humans.

We conducted a survey during the period from 1974 to 1976, to determine the distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides in human faeces, the intestinal contents of cattle, swine, poultry, dogs, cats, fresh water fish, and river water and sludge from wet riverbeds in the vicinity of Tokyo. Isolation of the organisms was performed by using Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar and deoxycholate-hydrogensulphide-lactose (DHL) agar plates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 3 (0.0078%) of 38454 healthy Tokyoites, 37 (3.8%) of 967 dogs, 40 (10.3%) of 389 cats, 25 (10.2%) of 246 fresh water fish, 64 (12;8%) of 497 river water samples, and 2 of 19 (10.5%) sludge samples. Of 302 strains isolated, from dogs, cats, fresh water fish, river water and healthy carriers, 196 were typed to 50 serovars. Most of the serovars were found to be similar to strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis due to P. shigelloides.     

Statistical study of the optimal conditions of the spiral plating method for counting bacterial numbers in river water]

The application of the spiral plating method, a rapid and labor-saving technique for enumerating bacteria in food, to evaluate bacteria in river water, was examined. Standard plate counts and the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms and Flavobacterium spp. in the water were tested by the spiral plating method, the results were compared with those of the conventional method and the optimal conditions for using the spiral plating method were considered and selected to fit the conventional methods. The optimal conditions selected were as follows: by laser colony counter after incubation at 35 degrees C for 38h. for standard plate counts; by laser colony counter after incubation at 25 degrees C for 48h. for the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and Flavobacterium spp.; by colony viewer counting reddish colonies > or = 0.25mm in diameter after incubation at 35 degrees C for 22h. for the number of coliforms. The numbers of bacteria, except for coliforms, determined by this spiral plating method were found to be closely related to those from conventional methods (r > or = 0.91), and the replicating variances of both methods were not significant. The counts of bacteria by laser colony counter gave results similar to those by colony viewer counting by visual inspection. This spiral plating method saved time, money and labor in the evaluation of bacteria in river water as comparable to that in food. These results indicate that the spiral plating method can be used in place of conventional methods in evaluating the number of bacteria in river water.